Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (Bismuth germanate, BGO)

Glasses, oxides and dielectrics

1 dataset, together covering 0.305–1 µm. Default: Williams et al. 1996: n 0.305–1.0 µm.

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Tick datasets in the list to add them to the plot (up to 12).

Datasets

Williams et al. 1996: n 0.305–1.0 µm n 0.305–1 µm default

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Bi4Ge3O12 (Bismuth germanate, BGO): Williams et al. 1996: n 0.305–1.0 µm
bi4ge3o12 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Bi4Ge3O12", "Williams", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(bi4ge3o12.range_nm)  # (305, 1000) nm
eps = bi4ge3o12.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_e858f98d4ab6/lightsmith"
bi4ge3o12 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(bi4ge3o12.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (bi4ge3o12/williams-1996).

# ... load bi4ge3o12 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=bi4ge3o12)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_e858f98d4ab6/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
bi4ge3o12_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

About Bi4Ge3O12 (Bismuth germanate, BGO)

Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂, commonly known as bismuth germanate (BGO), is a scintillation material that has found extensive use in medical imaging, high-energy physics, and radiation detection. Composed of bismuth, germanium, and oxygen, this compound is valued for its high atomic number, high density, and effective Z-value, which result in strong stopping power for high-energy radiation. In optical applications, BGO is often employed as a scintillator in positron emission tomography (PET) scanners and in various types of detectors for gamma and X-ray radiation. The crystal exhibits excellent scintillation properties, including good energy resolution and fast decay times. One of the key advantages of BGO over other scintillators is its non-hygroscopic nature, which makes it easier to handle and less sensitive to moisture. The material can be grown using techniques like the Bridgman or Czochralski methods, and can be doped with various activators to tailor its scintillation properties. Overall, BGO stands as a material of choice for high-performance radiation detection and imaging applications due to its robust scintillation performance and ease of handling.

Other names: Bismuth germanate, BGO, Bismuth germanate, BGO, Bismuth germanium oxide

Bismuth germanate - Wikipedia

API: /v1/materials/mat_62fe915a552d · slug bi4ge3o12