Hf (Hafnium)

Metals and conductors

1 dataset, together covering 0.00236–0.1216 µm. Default: Windt et al. 1988: n,k 0.00240–0.122 µm.

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Datasets

Windt et al. 1988: n,k 0.00240–0.122 µm n,k 0.00236–0.1216 µm default

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Hf (Hafnium): Windt et al. 1988: n,k 0.00240–0.122 µm
hf = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Hf", "Windt", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(hf.range_nm)  # (2.36, 121.57) nm
eps = hf.eps([16.9])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_d6d2f6002796/lightsmith"
hf = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(hf.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (hf/windt-1988).

# ... load hf as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=hf)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=3, stop_nm=121, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

About Hf (Hafnium)

Hafnium (Hf) is a transition metal that possesses intriguing optical properties, notably its high refractive index. Although not typically used in its pure form for optical applications, hafnium is often used as an additive in various optical materials, such as in the fabrication of optical coatings. One of its most well-known applications is in hafnium oxide (HfO₂), which is used as a high-index layer in anti-reflective and mirror coatings. Additionally, hafnium is employed in other specialized optical environments where its high melting point and resistance to corrosion offer advantages. Beyond optics, hafnium is widely used in the aerospace industry for its high-temperature stability, and in the nuclear industry for its high thermal neutron-absorption cross-section.

Other names: Hafnium

API: /v1/materials/mat_ab6cf8d4d10c · slug hf