Optical constants

Refractive index of AgGaS₂ (Silver gallium sulfide, AGS)

Boyd et al. 1971: n(o) 0.49–12 µm

Data: formula 2
Range: 0.49–12 µm
Optical axis: o
Licence: CC0-1.0

Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 2.58529
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 6.6837
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.824307 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 3.06965
Group velocity dispersion: 2241.2 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -12226.9 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# AgGaS2 (Silver gallium sulfide, AGS): Boyd et al. 1971: n(o) 0.49–12 µm
aggas2 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "AgGaS2", "Boyd-o", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(aggas2.range_nm)  # (490, 12000) nm
eps = aggas2.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_98a9129d0eae/lightsmith"
aggas2 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(aggas2.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (aggas2/boyd-1971-o).

# ... load aggas2 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=aggas2)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=490, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_98a9129d0eae/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
aggas2_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (C in µm²) (formula 2), λ in µm

n^{2} - 1 = 2.628 + \frac{2.1686 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - 0.1003} + \frac{2.1753 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - 950.0}

Valid from 0.49 to 12.0 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	2.628
C2	2.1686
C3	0.1003
C4	2.1753
C5	950.0

Comments and conditions

Ordinary ray (e)

Conditions

direction: o

References

1) G. D. Boyd, H. Kasper, J. H McFee. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of AgGaS₂, CuGaS₂, and CuInS₂, and theory of the wedge technique for the measurement of nonlinear coefficients. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 7, 563-573 (1971)
2) G. C. Bhar. Refractive index interpolation in phase-matching. Appl. Opt. 15, 305-307 (1976)
* Ref. 2 provides a dispersion formula based on data from Ref. 1

doi:10.1109/jqe.1971.1076588 Linear and nonlinear optical properties of AgGaS&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;, CuGaS&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;, and CuInS&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;, and theory of the wedge technique for the measurement of nonlinear coefficients, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics (1971)
doi:10.1364/ao.15.0305_1 Refractive index interpolation in phase-matching, Applied Optics (1976)

Cite

G. Boyd, H. Kasper and J. McFee. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of AgGaS&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;, CuGaS&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;, and CuInS&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;, and theory of the wedge technique for the measurement of nonlinear coefficients. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 7, 563-573 (1971), doi:10.1109/jqe.1971.1076588; Gopal C. Bhar. Refractive index interpolation in phase-matching. Applied Optics, 15, 305_1 (1976), doi:10.1364/ao.15.0305_1; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

AgGaS2 (Silver gallium sulfide, AGS), Boyd et al. 1971: n(o) 0.49–12 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.49	2.711442
0.493943	2.703682
0.497919	2.696192
0.501926	2.688961
0.505965	2.681975
0.510037	2.675224
0.514142	2.668696
0.51828	2.662382
0.522451	2.656271
0.526655	2.650355
0.530894	2.644625
0.535166	2.639073
0.539473	2.633692
0.543815	2.628475
0.548192	2.623414
0.552603	2.618504
0.557051	2.613738
0.561534	2.609111
0.566053	2.604617
0.570608	2.600251
0.575201	2.596009
0.57983	2.591884
0.584496	2.587875
0.5892	2.583975
0.593942	2.580181
0.598722	2.576489
0.60354	2.572895
0.608398	2.569397
0.613294	2.56599
0.61823	2.562672
0.623205	2.55944
0.628221	2.55629
0.633277	2.55322
0.638373	2.550228
0.643511	2.54731
0.64869	2.544465
0.65391	2.541689
0.659173	2.538982
0.664478	2.53634
0.669825	2.533761
0.675216	2.531245
0.68065	2.528788
0.686128	2.526389
0.69165	2.524046
0.697216	2.521758
0.702827	2.519523
0.708483	2.517339
0.714185	2.515205
0.719933	2.513119
0.725727	2.511081
0.731567	2.509088
0.737455	2.50714
0.74339	2.505235
0.749373	2.503372
0.755404	2.50155
0.761483	2.499768
0.767611	2.498024
0.773789	2.496318
0.780016	2.494648
0.786294	2.493015
0.792622	2.491416
0.799001	2.48985
0.805431	2.488318
0.811913	2.486818
0.818447	2.485349
0.825034	2.483911
0.831674	2.482502
0.838367	2.481122
0.845114	2.479771
0.851916	2.478447
0.858772	2.47715
0.865683	2.475879
0.87265	2.474633
0.879673	2.473413
0.886752	2.472217
0.893889	2.471044
0.901083	2.469895
0.908335	2.468769
0.915645	2.467664
0.923014	2.466581
0.930442	2.46552
0.93793	2.464478
0.945479	2.463457
0.953088	2.462456
0.960758	2.461474
0.96849	2.46051
0.976284	2.459565
0.984141	2.458638
0.992062	2.457728
1.00005	2.456836
1.00809	2.45596
1.01621	2.455101
1.02439	2.454257
1.03263	2.45343
1.04094	2.452617
1.04932	2.45182
1.05776	2.451037
1.06627	2.450269
1.07486	2.449514
1.08351	2.448773
1.09223	2.448046
1.10102	2.447332
1.10988	2.446631
1.11881	2.445942
1.12781	2.445266
1.13689	2.444602
1.14604	2.443949
1.15526	2.443309
1.16456	2.442679
1.17393	2.442061
1.18338	2.441453
1.1929	2.440856
1.2025	2.44027
1.21218	2.439693
1.22194	2.439127
1.23177	2.43857
1.24168	2.438023
1.25168	2.437486
1.26175	2.436957
1.27191	2.436438
1.28214	2.435927
1.29246	2.435425
1.30286	2.434932
1.31335	2.434447
1.32392	2.43397
1.33457	2.4335
1.34531	2.433039
1.35614	2.432585
1.36705	2.432139
1.37805	2.4317
1.38915	2.431269
1.40032	2.430844
1.41159	2.430426
1.42295	2.430016
1.43441	2.429611
1.44595	2.429213
1.45759	2.428822
1.46932	2.428437
1.48114	2.428058
1.49306	2.427685
1.50508	2.427317
1.51719	2.426956
1.5294	2.4266
1.54171	2.42625
1.55412	2.425905
1.56663	2.425565
1.57923	2.425231
1.59194	2.424901
1.60475	2.424577
1.61767	2.424257
1.63069	2.423943
1.64381	2.423633
1.65704	2.423327
1.67038	2.423026
1.68382	2.42273
1.69737	2.422437
1.71103	2.422149
1.7248	2.421865
1.73868	2.421586
1.75268	2.42131
1.76678	2.421038
1.781	2.420769
1.79533	2.420505
1.80978	2.420244
1.82435	2.419987
1.83903	2.419733
1.85383	2.419483
1.86875	2.419235
1.88379	2.418992
1.89895	2.418751
1.91423	2.418513
1.92964	2.418279
1.94517	2.418047
1.96082	2.417819
1.9766	2.417593
1.99251	2.41737
2.00854	2.41715
2.02471	2.416932
2.041	2.416717
2.05743	2.416505
2.07399	2.416295
2.09068	2.416087
2.1075	2.415882
2.12446	2.415679
2.14156	2.415478
2.1588	2.415279
2.17617	2.415083
2.19368	2.414888
2.21134	2.414696
2.22914	2.414506
2.24708	2.414317
2.26516	2.41413
2.28339	2.413945
2.30177	2.413762
2.32029	2.41358
2.33896	2.4134
2.35779	2.413222
2.37676	2.413045
2.39589	2.41287
2.41517	2.412696
2.43461	2.412524
2.4542	2.412352
2.47395	2.412183
2.49386	2.412014
2.51393	2.411847
2.53417	2.41168
2.55456	2.411515
2.57512	2.411351
2.59584	2.411188
2.61673	2.411026
2.63779	2.410865
2.65902	2.410704
2.68042	2.410545
2.70199	2.410386
2.72374	2.410228
2.74566	2.410071
2.76776	2.409914
2.79003	2.409758
2.81249	2.409603
2.83512	2.409448
2.85794	2.409294
2.88094	2.40914
2.90412	2.408986
2.92749	2.408833
2.95105	2.40868
2.9748	2.408528
2.99875	2.408376
3.02288	2.408224
3.04721	2.408072
3.07173	2.40792
3.09645	2.407768
3.12137	2.407616
3.14649	2.407465
3.17181	2.407313
3.19734	2.407161
3.22307	2.407009
3.24901	2.406857
3.27516	2.406705
3.30152	2.406552
3.32809	2.406399
3.35487	2.406246
3.38187	2.406092
3.40909	2.405938
3.43652	2.405783
3.46418	2.405628
3.49206	2.405473
3.52016	2.405316
3.54849	2.40516
3.57705	2.405002
3.60584	2.404844
3.63486	2.404685
3.66411	2.404525
3.6936	2.404364
3.72333	2.404203
3.75329	2.40404
3.7835	2.403877
3.81395	2.403712
3.84464	2.403546
3.87558	2.40338
3.90677	2.403212
3.93821	2.403042
3.96991	2.402872
4.00186	2.4027
4.03406	2.402527
4.06653	2.402352
4.09926	2.402176
4.13225	2.401999
4.1655	2.40182
4.19903	2.401639
4.23282	2.401457
4.26688	2.401273
4.30122	2.401087
4.33584	2.400899
4.37073	2.400709
4.40591	2.400518
4.44137	2.400324
4.47711	2.400129
4.51314	2.399931
4.54946	2.399732
4.58608	2.39953
4.62299	2.399325
4.66019	2.399119
4.6977	2.39891
4.7355	2.398698
4.77361	2.398484
4.81203	2.398268
4.85076	2.398049
4.8898	2.397827
4.92915	2.397602
4.96882	2.397375
5.00881	2.397144
5.04912	2.396911
5.08975	2.396674
5.13071	2.396435
5.172	2.396192
5.21363	2.395946
5.25559	2.395697
5.29788	2.395444
5.34052	2.395188
5.3835	2.394928
5.42683	2.394665
5.4705	2.394397
5.51453	2.394126
5.55891	2.393852
5.60364	2.393573
5.64874	2.39329
5.6942	2.393003
5.74003	2.392711
5.78622	2.392416
5.83279	2.392116
5.87973	2.391811
5.92705	2.391502
5.97475	2.391188
6.02284	2.390869
6.07131	2.390545
6.12017	2.390216
6.16942	2.389883
6.21907	2.389543
6.26912	2.389199
6.31958	2.388849
6.37044	2.388493
6.4217	2.388132
6.47339	2.387765
6.52548	2.387392
6.578	2.387013
6.63094	2.386628
6.6843	2.386236
6.7381	2.385838
6.79233	2.385433
6.84699	2.385022
6.90209	2.384603
6.95764	2.384178
7.01363	2.383746
7.07008	2.383306
7.12698	2.382858
7.18434	2.382403
7.24215	2.38194
7.30044	2.38147
7.35919	2.380991
7.41842	2.380504
7.47812	2.380008
7.5383	2.379503
7.59897	2.37899
7.66013	2.378468
7.72177	2.377936
7.78392	2.377395
7.84656	2.376844
7.90971	2.376284
7.97337	2.375713
8.03754	2.375132
8.10222	2.374541
8.16743	2.373939
8.23316	2.373326
8.29942	2.372701
8.36621	2.372065
8.43354	2.371418
8.50141	2.370758
8.56983	2.370086
8.6388	2.369402
8.70832	2.368705
8.77841	2.367994
8.84906	2.367271
8.92027	2.366533
8.99206	2.365782
9.06443	2.365016
9.13738	2.364235
9.21091	2.36344
9.28504	2.362629
9.35977	2.361802
9.43509	2.36096
9.51103	2.360101
9.58757	2.359224
9.66473	2.358331
9.74251	2.35742
9.82092	2.356491
9.89996	2.355543
9.97963	2.354577
10.0599	2.353591
10.1409	2.352585
10.2225	2.351558
10.3048	2.350511
10.3877	2.349442
10.4713	2.348351
10.5556	2.347238
10.6405	2.346101
10.7262	2.344941
10.8125	2.343757
10.8995	2.342547
10.9872	2.341312
11.0757	2.340051
11.1648	2.338762
11.2546	2.337446
11.3452	2.336102
11.4365	2.334728
11.5286	2.333325
11.6214	2.33189
11.7149	2.330424
11.8092	2.328926
11.9042	2.327394
12	2.325827

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

AgGaS₂ (Silver gallium sulfide, AGS): all datasets

About AgGaS2 (Silver gallium sulfide, AGS)

AgGaS₂, commonly abbreviated as AGS, is a ternary chalcogenide compound that has gained considerable attention for its nonlinear optical properties. This material crystallizes in a tetragonal structure and possesses a wide transparency range, extending from the visible to the mid-infrared spectrum. AGS is particularly renowned for its high nonlinear optical coefficients, which make it an attractive material for frequency conversion processes like second-harmonic generation (SHG) and difference-frequency generation (DFG). Due to these attributes, AGS has been utilized in a range of optoelectronic applications, including optical parametric oscillators and tunable infrared lasers. Its nonlinear optical performance is highly anisotropic, meaning that the material's properties can vary depending on the crystallographic orientation, a factor that must be considered in device design and fabrication. Like many chalcogenides, AGS is sensitive to thermal and mechanical stress, requiring careful handling and environmental control. Overall, AgGaS₂ serves as a critical material in the realm of nonlinear optics, offering a unique combination of wide transparency and high nonlinear coefficients that continue to make it a subject of ongoing research and technological development.

More about AgGaS2 (Silver gallium sulfide, AGS) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/AgGaS2/nk/Boyd-o.yml
ID: ds_98a9129d0eae
API: /v1/datasets/ds_98a9129d0eae

Plot