Optical constants

Refractive index of BaGa₄Se₇ (Barium gallium selenide, BGSe)

Badikov et al 2010: n(β) 0.480–10.4 µm

Data: formula 4
Range: 0.48–10.4 µm
Optical axis: beta
Licence: CC0-1.0

Biaxial crystal, axes: beta

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 2.64444
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 6.99304
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 10.733
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.760673 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 3.09141
Group velocity dispersion: 1651.24 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -9008.37 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# BaGa4Se7 (Barium gallium selenide, BGSe): Badikov et al 2010: n(β) 0.480–10.4 µm
baga4se7 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "BaGa4Se7", "Badikov-β", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(baga4se7.range_nm)  # (480, 10400) nm
eps = baga4se7.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_3fa4224b2ad8/lightsmith"
baga4se7 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(baga4se7.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (baga4se7/badikov-2010-2).

# ... load baga4se7 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=baga4se7)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=480, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

RefractiveIndex.INFO (formula 4), λ in µm

n^{2} = 7.323096 + \frac{0.292889 λ^{0.0}}{λ^{2} - {0.052725}^{1.0}} + \frac{1573.474 λ^{0.0}}{λ^{2} - {1182.324}^{1.0}}

Valid from 0.48 to 10.4 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	7.323096
C2	0.292889
C3	0.0
C4	0.052725
C5	1.0
C6	1573.474
C7	0.0
C8	1182.324
C9	1.0

Comments and conditions

n_β; room temperature.

Conditions

direction: beta

References

V. Badikov, D. Badikov, G. Shevyrdyaeva, A. Tyazhev, G. Marchev, V. Panyutin, V. Petrov, A. Kwasniewski. Phase-matching properties of BaGa₄S₇ and BaGa₄Se₇: Wide-bandgap nonlinear crystals for the mid-infrared. Phys. Status Solidi RRL, 5, 31–33 (2010)

doi:10.1002/pssr.201004425 Phase‐matching properties of BaGa4S7 and BaGa4Se7: Wide‐bandgap nonlinear crystals for the mid‐infrared, physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters (2010)

Cite

Valeriy Badikov et al.. Phase‐matching properties of BaGa4S7 and BaGa4Se7: Wide‐bandgap nonlinear crystals for the mid‐infrared. physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, 5, 31-33 (2010), doi:10.1002/pssr.201004425; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

BaGa4Se7 (Barium gallium selenide, BGSe), Badikov et al 2010: n(β) 0.480–10.4 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.48	2.764138
0.483714	2.758242
0.487458	2.752476
0.49123	2.746836
0.495031	2.741319
0.498862	2.735921
0.502723	2.730639
0.506613	2.72547
0.510533	2.720411
0.514484	2.71546
0.518465	2.710612
0.522477	2.705866
0.526521	2.701219
0.530595	2.696669
0.534701	2.692212
0.538839	2.687847
0.543009	2.68357
0.547211	2.679381
0.551445	2.675277
0.555713	2.671255
0.560013	2.667314
0.564347	2.663452
0.568714	2.659667
0.573115	2.655956
0.57755	2.652319
0.582019	2.648753
0.586523	2.645257
0.591062	2.641829
0.595636	2.638468
0.600245	2.635171
0.60489	2.631938
0.609571	2.628768
0.614289	2.625657
0.619042	2.622606
0.623833	2.619613
0.62866	2.616677
0.633525	2.613796
0.638428	2.610969
0.643368	2.608195
0.648347	2.605473
0.653364	2.602801
0.65842	2.60018
0.663515	2.597606
0.66865	2.59508
0.673824	2.592601
0.679039	2.590167
0.684293	2.587777
0.689589	2.585431
0.694925	2.583127
0.700303	2.580866
0.705722	2.578645
0.711183	2.576464
0.716687	2.574323
0.722233	2.57222
0.727822	2.570154
0.733454	2.568125
0.73913	2.566133
0.74485	2.564175
0.750614	2.562253
0.756422	2.560364
0.762276	2.558509
0.768175	2.556686
0.774119	2.554895
0.78011	2.553136
0.786147	2.551407
0.79223	2.549709
0.798361	2.54804
0.804539	2.5464
0.810765	2.544788
0.817039	2.543204
0.823362	2.541648
0.829733	2.540118
0.836154	2.538615
0.842625	2.537137
0.849146	2.535685
0.855717	2.534257
0.862339	2.532854
0.869012	2.531475
0.875737	2.530119
0.882514	2.528786
0.889343	2.527475
0.896225	2.526187
0.90316	2.524921
0.91015	2.523675
0.917193	2.522451
0.92429	2.521247
0.931443	2.520064
0.938651	2.5189
0.945915	2.517756
0.953235	2.51663
0.960611	2.515524
0.968045	2.514436
0.975536	2.513366
0.983085	2.512313
0.990693	2.511278
0.99836	2.51026
1.00609	2.509259
1.01387	2.508275
1.02172	2.507306
1.02962	2.506354
1.03759	2.505417
1.04562	2.504495
1.05371	2.503588
1.06187	2.502697
1.07008	2.50182
1.07836	2.500957
1.08671	2.500108
1.09512	2.499273
1.10359	2.498451
1.11213	2.497643
1.12074	2.496848
1.12941	2.496065
1.13815	2.495295
1.14696	2.494538
1.15584	2.493793
1.16478	2.49306
1.17379	2.492338
1.18288	2.491628
1.19203	2.49093
1.20126	2.490242
1.21055	2.489566
1.21992	2.4889
1.22936	2.488245
1.23887	2.4876
1.24846	2.486966
1.25812	2.486341
1.26786	2.485727
1.27767	2.485122
1.28756	2.484527
1.29752	2.483941
1.30756	2.483364
1.31768	2.482796
1.32788	2.482238
1.33815	2.481688
1.34851	2.481146
1.35894	2.480613
1.36946	2.480089
1.38006	2.479572
1.39074	2.479064
1.4015	2.478563
1.41234	2.478071
1.42327	2.477586
1.43429	2.477108
1.44539	2.476638
1.45657	2.476175
1.46784	2.475719
1.4792	2.47527
1.49065	2.474828
1.50218	2.474393
1.51381	2.473964
1.52552	2.473542
1.53733	2.473127
1.54922	2.472717
1.56121	2.472314
1.57329	2.471917
1.58547	2.471526
1.59774	2.471141
1.6101	2.470762
1.62256	2.470388
1.63512	2.47002
1.64777	2.469658
1.66052	2.469301
1.67337	2.468949
1.68632	2.468602
1.69937	2.468261
1.71252	2.467925
1.72578	2.467593
1.73913	2.467267
1.75259	2.466945
1.76615	2.466628
1.77982	2.466316
1.79359	2.466008
1.80747	2.465705
1.82146	2.465406
1.83555	2.465111
1.84976	2.464821
1.86407	2.464535
1.8785	2.464252
1.89303	2.463974
1.90768	2.4637
1.92245	2.46343
1.93732	2.463164
1.95232	2.462901
1.96742	2.462642
1.98265	2.462387
1.99799	2.462135
2.01345	2.461886
2.02903	2.461642
2.04473	2.4614
2.06056	2.461162
2.0765	2.460927
2.09257	2.460695
2.10877	2.460466
2.12508	2.460241
2.14153	2.460018
2.1581	2.459798
2.1748	2.459582
2.19163	2.459368
2.20859	2.459157
2.22568	2.458948
2.24291	2.458743
2.26026	2.45854
2.27775	2.458339
2.29538	2.458141
2.31314	2.457946
2.33104	2.457753
2.34908	2.457562
2.36726	2.457374
2.38558	2.457188
2.40404	2.457005
2.42264	2.456823
2.44139	2.456644
2.46028	2.456467
2.47932	2.456292
2.49851	2.456119
2.51784	2.455947
2.53733	2.455778
2.55696	2.455611
2.57675	2.455446
2.59669	2.455282
2.61679	2.45512
2.63704	2.45496
2.65744	2.454802
2.67801	2.454646
2.69873	2.45449
2.71962	2.454337
2.74066	2.454185
2.76187	2.454035
2.78324	2.453886
2.80478	2.453738
2.82649	2.453592
2.84836	2.453448
2.8704	2.453304
2.89261	2.453162
2.915	2.453022
2.93755	2.452882
2.96029	2.452744
2.9832	2.452606
3.00628	2.45247
3.02954	2.452335
3.05299	2.452201
3.07661	2.452069
3.10042	2.451937
3.12442	2.451806
3.14859	2.451676
3.17296	2.451546
3.19751	2.451418
3.22226	2.451291
3.24719	2.451164
3.27232	2.451038
3.29764	2.450913
3.32316	2.450789
3.34888	2.450665
3.37479	2.450542
3.40091	2.45042
3.42723	2.450298
3.45375	2.450176
3.48048	2.450056
3.50741	2.449935
3.53455	2.449815
3.5619	2.449696
3.58947	2.449577
3.61724	2.449458
3.64524	2.44934
3.67345	2.449222
3.70187	2.449105
3.73052	2.448987
3.75939	2.44887
3.78848	2.448753
3.8178	2.448637
3.84734	2.44852
3.87711	2.448403
3.90712	2.448287
3.93735	2.448171
3.96782	2.448054
3.99853	2.447938
4.02947	2.447822
4.06065	2.447705
4.09207	2.447589
4.12374	2.447472
4.15565	2.447356
4.18781	2.447239
4.22022	2.447122
4.25288	2.447004
4.28579	2.446887
4.31895	2.446769
4.35237	2.446651
4.38606	2.446532
4.42	2.446413
4.4542	2.446294
4.48867	2.446174
4.52341	2.446054
4.55841	2.445933
4.59369	2.445812
4.62923	2.44569
4.66506	2.445567
4.70116	2.445444
4.73754	2.445321
4.7742	2.445196
4.81114	2.445071
4.84837	2.444945
4.88589	2.444818
4.9237	2.444691
4.96181	2.444562
5.0002	2.444433
5.0389	2.444303
5.07789	2.444172
5.11719	2.44404
5.15678	2.443907
5.19669	2.443772
5.23691	2.443637
5.27743	2.443501
5.31827	2.443363
5.35943	2.443224
5.4009	2.443084
5.44269	2.442943
5.48481	2.4428
5.52726	2.442656
5.57003	2.442511
5.61313	2.442364
5.65657	2.442215
5.70034	2.442065
5.74446	2.441914
5.78891	2.441761
5.83371	2.441606
5.87885	2.44145
5.92434	2.441292
5.97019	2.441132
6.01639	2.440971
6.06295	2.440807
6.10987	2.440642
6.15715	2.440474
6.20479	2.440305
6.25281	2.440134
6.3012	2.43996
6.34996	2.439785
6.3991	2.439607
6.44862	2.439427
6.49852	2.439244
6.54881	2.43906
6.59949	2.438872
6.65056	2.438683
6.70202	2.438491
6.75389	2.438296
6.80615	2.438099
6.85882	2.437899
6.9119	2.437696
6.96539	2.437491
7.01929	2.437282
7.07361	2.437071
7.12834	2.436857
7.18351	2.436639
7.2391	2.436419
7.29512	2.436195
7.35157	2.435968
7.40846	2.435738
7.46579	2.435504
7.52356	2.435267
7.58179	2.435026
7.64046	2.434782
7.69958	2.434534
7.75917	2.434282
7.81921	2.434027
7.87972	2.433767
7.9407	2.433504
8.00215	2.433236
8.06407	2.432964
8.12647	2.432688
8.18936	2.432407
8.25273	2.432122
8.3166	2.431833
8.38096	2.431539
8.44581	2.43124
8.51117	2.430936
8.57703	2.430627
8.64341	2.430313
8.71029	2.429994
8.7777	2.42967
8.84562	2.429341
8.91408	2.429005
8.98306	2.428665
9.05257	2.428318
9.12263	2.427966
9.19322	2.427607
9.26436	2.427243
9.33606	2.426872
9.4083	2.426495
9.48111	2.426111
9.55448	2.425721
9.62842	2.425324
9.70293	2.42492
9.77801	2.424509
9.85368	2.42409
9.92993	2.423664
10.0068	2.423231
10.0842	2.42279
10.1622	2.422341
10.2409	2.421883
10.3201	2.421418
10.4	2.420944

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

BaGa₄Se₇ (Barium gallium selenide, BGSe): all datasets

About BaGa4Se7 (Barium gallium selenide, BGSe)

BaGa₄Se₇, commonly abbreviated as BGSe, is a chalcogenide-based nonlinear optical crystal known for its phase-matching capabilities and broad transparency window. This material is particularly suited for frequency conversion applications in the mid-infrared region, including second-harmonic generation (SHG), sum-frequency generation (SFG), and optical parametric oscillation (OPO). BGSe exhibits high nonlinear optical coefficients, as well as a high laser damage threshold, making it well-suited for high-power applications. The crystal is generally grown using techniques like the Bridgman-Stockbarger method, and can be cut and polished into high-quality facets for optimal performance. One important consideration for this material is its sensitivity to moisture and other environmental factors; thus, careful handling and storage are required to maintain its optical properties. Overall, BGSe offers a compelling combination of properties that make it a valuable material for nonlinear optics, especially for applications requiring high efficiency and broad tunability in the mid-infrared range.

BaGa4Se7 - DienTech

More about BaGa4Se7 (Barium gallium selenide, BGSe) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/BaGa4Se7/nk/Badikov-beta.yml
ID: ds_3fa4224b2ad8
API: /v1/datasets/ds_3fa4224b2ad8

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