Optical constants

Refractive index of CaGdAlO₄ (Calcium gadolinium aluminate, CALGO)

Loiko et al. 2017: n(e) 0.35–2.1 µm

Data: formula 4
Range: 0.35–2.1 µm
Optical axis: e
Licence: CC0-1.0

Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.96397
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 3.85717
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 43.161
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.114245 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 2.0311
Group velocity dispersion: 214.622 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -1170.88 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# CaGdAlO4 (Calcium gadolinium aluminate, CALGO): Loiko et al. 2017: n(e) 0.35–2.1 µm
cagdalo4 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "CaGdAlO4", "Loiko-e", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(cagdalo4.range_nm)  # (350, 2100) nm
eps = cagdalo4.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_d64fe6728ab4/lightsmith"
cagdalo4 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(cagdalo4.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (cagdalo4/loiko-2017-e).

# ... load cagdalo4 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=cagdalo4)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

RefractiveIndex.INFO (formula 4), λ in µm

n^{2} = 3.7416 + \frac{0.039 λ^{0.0}}{λ^{2} - {0.02021}^{1.0}} - 0.01276 λ^{2.0}

Valid from 0.35 to 2.1 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	3.7416
C2	0.039
C3	0.0
C4	0.02021
C5	1.0
C6	0.0
C7	0.0
C8	0.0
C9	0.0
C10	-0.01276
C11	2.0

Comments and conditions

Extraordinary ray (e); room temperature.

Conditions

direction: e

References

P. Loiko, P. Becker, L. Bohatý, C. Liebald, M. Peltz, S. Vernay, D. Rytz, J. M. Serres, X. Mateos, Y. Wang, X. Xu, J. Xu, A. Major, A. Baranov, U. Griebner, V. Petrov. Sellmeier equations, group velocity dispersion, and thermo-optic dispersion formulas for CaLnAlO₄ (Ln = Y, Gd) laser host crystals. Opt. Lett., 42, 2275–2278 (2017)

doi:10.1364/ol.42.002275 Sellmeier equations, group velocity dispersion, and thermo-optic dispersion formulas for CaLnAlO_4 (Ln = Y, Gd) laser host crystals, Optics Letters (2017)

Cite

Pavel Loiko et al.. Sellmeier equations, group velocity dispersion, and thermo-optic dispersion formulas for CaLnAlO_4 (Ln = Y, Gd) laser host crystals. Optics Letters, 42, 2275 (2017), doi:10.1364/ol.42.002275; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

CaGdAlO4 (Calcium gadolinium aluminate, CALGO), Loiko et al. 2017: n(e) 0.35–2.1 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.35	2.0301
0.351575	2.029093
0.353158	2.028097
0.354747	2.027113
0.356344	2.026141
0.357947	2.02518
0.359559	2.024231
0.361177	2.023293
0.362802	2.022365
0.364435	2.021449
0.366075	2.020543
0.367723	2.019647
0.369378	2.018762
0.371041	2.017887
0.37271	2.017022
0.374388	2.016167
0.376073	2.015322
0.377766	2.014486
0.379466	2.01366
0.381174	2.012843
0.382889	2.012036
0.384612	2.011237
0.386344	2.010448
0.388082	2.009667
0.389829	2.008896
0.391584	2.008132
0.393346	2.007378
0.395116	2.006631
0.396895	2.005893
0.398681	2.005163
0.400475	2.004442
0.402278	2.003728
0.404088	2.003022
0.405907	2.002324
0.407734	2.001633
0.409569	2.00095
0.411412	2.000274
0.413264	1.999606
0.415124	1.998945
0.416992	1.998291
0.418869	1.997644
0.420754	1.997005
0.422648	1.996372
0.42455	1.995746
0.426461	1.995126
0.42838	1.994513
0.430308	1.993907
0.432245	1.993307
0.43419	1.992714
0.436145	1.992127
0.438108	1.991546
0.440079	1.990971
0.44206	1.990402
0.44405	1.989839
0.446048	1.989282
0.448056	1.988731
0.450072	1.988186
0.452098	1.987646
0.454133	1.987112
0.456177	1.986584
0.45823	1.986061
0.460292	1.985544
0.462364	1.985031
0.464445	1.984524
0.466535	1.984023
0.468635	1.983526
0.470744	1.983035
0.472863	1.982548
0.474991	1.982067
0.477129	1.98159
0.479276	1.981118
0.481433	1.980652
0.4836	1.980189
0.485777	1.979732
0.487963	1.979279
0.490159	1.97883
0.492365	1.978387
0.494581	1.977947
0.496807	1.977512
0.499043	1.977082
0.501289	1.976655
0.503545	1.976233
0.505812	1.975815
0.508088	1.975401
0.510375	1.974992
0.512672	1.974586
0.514979	1.974184
0.517297	1.973787
0.519625	1.973393
0.521964	1.973003
0.524313	1.972617
0.526673	1.972234
0.529044	1.971856
0.531425	1.971481
0.533816	1.97111
0.536219	1.970742
0.538632	1.970378
0.541057	1.970017
0.543492	1.96966
0.545938	1.969306
0.548395	1.968956
0.550863	1.968609
0.553342	1.968265
0.555833	1.967925
0.558334	1.967587
0.560847	1.967253
0.563372	1.966923
0.565907	1.966595
0.568454	1.96627
0.571013	1.965949
0.573583	1.96563
0.576164	1.965315
0.578757	1.965002
0.581362	1.964693
0.583979	1.964386
0.586607	1.964082
0.589247	1.963781
0.591899	1.963482
0.594563	1.963187
0.597239	1.962894
0.599927	1.962604
0.602627	1.962316
0.605339	1.962031
0.608064	1.961749
0.610801	1.96147
0.61355	1.961192
0.616311	1.960918
0.619085	1.960646
0.621871	1.960376
0.62467	1.960109
0.627482	1.959844
0.630306	1.959581
0.633143	1.959321
0.635992	1.959063
0.638855	1.958808
0.64173	1.958554
0.644618	1.958303
0.647519	1.958054
0.650434	1.957808
0.653361	1.957563
0.656302	1.957321
0.659256	1.957081
0.662223	1.956842
0.665203	1.956606
0.668197	1.956372
0.671204	1.95614
0.674225	1.95591
0.67726	1.955682
0.680308	1.955456
0.68337	1.955232
0.686446	1.95501
0.689535	1.954789
0.692638	1.954571
0.695756	1.954354
0.698887	1.954139
0.702033	1.953926
0.705192	1.953715
0.708366	1.953505
0.711554	1.953297
0.714757	1.953091
0.717974	1.952887
0.721205	1.952684
0.724451	1.952483
0.727712	1.952283
0.730987	1.952086
0.734277	1.951889
0.737582	1.951695
0.740901	1.951501
0.744236	1.95131
0.747586	1.95112
0.75095	1.950931
0.75433	1.950744
0.757725	1.950559
0.761135	1.950374
0.764561	1.950192
0.768002	1.95001
0.771459	1.949831
0.774931	1.949652
0.778419	1.949475
0.781922	1.949299
0.785441	1.949125
0.788976	1.948951
0.792527	1.94878
0.796094	1.948609
0.799677	1.94844
0.803276	1.948272
0.806892	1.948105
0.810523	1.947939
0.814171	1.947775
0.817836	1.947612
0.821516	1.94745
0.825214	1.947289
0.828928	1.947129
0.832659	1.94697
0.836406	1.946813
0.840171	1.946656
0.843952	1.946501
0.84775	1.946347
0.851566	1.946194
0.855399	1.946041
0.859249	1.94589
0.863116	1.94574
0.867	1.945591
0.870903	1.945443
0.874822	1.945296
0.87876	1.94515
0.882715	1.945005
0.886687	1.94486
0.890678	1.944717
0.894687	1.944574
0.898714	1.944433
0.902759	1.944292
0.906822	1.944152
0.910903	1.944013
0.915003	1.943875
0.919121	1.943738
0.923258	1.943602
0.927413	1.943466
0.931587	1.943331
0.93578	1.943197
0.939991	1.943064
0.944222	1.942931
0.948472	1.9428
0.952741	1.942669
0.957029	1.942538
0.961336	1.942409
0.965663	1.94228
0.970009	1.942152
0.974374	1.942024
0.97876	1.941897
0.983165	1.941771
0.98759	1.941645
0.992035	1.941521
0.9965	1.941396
1.00098	1.941273
1.00549	1.94115
1.01002	1.941027
1.01456	1.940905
1.01913	1.940784
1.02371	1.940663
1.02832	1.940543
1.03295	1.940423
1.0376	1.940304
1.04227	1.940186
1.04696	1.940067
1.05167	1.93995
1.05641	1.939833
1.06116	1.939716
1.06594	1.9396
1.07073	1.939484
1.07555	1.939369
1.08039	1.939254
1.08526	1.93914
1.09014	1.939026
1.09505	1.938912
1.09997	1.938799
1.10493	1.938686
1.1099	1.938574
1.11489	1.938462
1.11991	1.93835
1.12495	1.938239
1.13002	1.938128
1.1351	1.938017
1.14021	1.937907
1.14534	1.937797
1.1505	1.937687
1.15567	1.937578
1.16088	1.937469
1.1661	1.93736
1.17135	1.937251
1.17662	1.937143
1.18192	1.937035
1.18724	1.936927
1.19258	1.936819
1.19795	1.936712
1.20334	1.936605
1.20875	1.936498
1.21419	1.936391
1.21966	1.936284
1.22515	1.936178
1.23066	1.936072
1.2362	1.935966
1.24177	1.93586
1.24735	1.935754
1.25297	1.935648
1.25861	1.935543
1.26427	1.935437
1.26996	1.935332
1.27568	1.935226
1.28142	1.935121
1.28719	1.935016
1.29298	1.934911
1.2988	1.934806
1.30465	1.934701
1.31052	1.934597
1.31642	1.934492
1.32234	1.934387
1.32829	1.934282
1.33427	1.934177
1.34028	1.934073
1.34631	1.933968
1.35237	1.933863
1.35845	1.933758
1.36457	1.933653
1.37071	1.933548
1.37688	1.933443
1.38307	1.933338
1.3893	1.933233
1.39555	1.933128
1.40183	1.933023
1.40814	1.932917
1.41448	1.932812
1.42085	1.932706
1.42724	1.932601
1.43367	1.932495
1.44012	1.932389
1.4466	1.932283
1.45311	1.932176
1.45965	1.93207
1.46622	1.931963
1.47282	1.931856
1.47945	1.931749
1.48611	1.931642
1.49279	1.931535
1.49951	1.931427
1.50626	1.931319
1.51304	1.931211
1.51985	1.931103
1.52669	1.930994
1.53356	1.930885
1.54046	1.930776
1.5474	1.930667
1.55436	1.930557
1.56136	1.930447
1.56839	1.930336
1.57544	1.930226
1.58253	1.930115
1.58966	1.930003
1.59681	1.929892
1.604	1.92978
1.61122	1.929667
1.61847	1.929554
1.62575	1.929441
1.63307	1.929328
1.64042	1.929214
1.6478	1.929099
1.65522	1.928985
1.66267	1.928869
1.67015	1.928754
1.67767	1.928638
1.68522	1.928521
1.69281	1.928404
1.70042	1.928286
1.70808	1.928168
1.71577	1.92805
1.72349	1.927931
1.73124	1.927811
1.73904	1.927691
1.74686	1.927571
1.75473	1.927449
1.76262	1.927328
1.77056	1.927205
1.77852	1.927083
1.78653	1.926959
1.79457	1.926835
1.80265	1.92671
1.81076	1.926585
1.81891	1.926459
1.8271	1.926333
1.83532	1.926205
1.84358	1.926078
1.85188	1.925949
1.86021	1.92582
1.86858	1.92569
1.87699	1.925559
1.88544	1.925428
1.89393	1.925296
1.90245	1.925163
1.91101	1.92503
1.91962	1.924895
1.92826	1.92476
1.93693	1.924625
1.94565	1.924488
1.95441	1.924351
1.9632	1.924212
1.97204	1.924073
1.98092	1.923933
1.98983	1.923793
1.99879	1.923651
2.00778	1.923509
2.01682	1.923365
2.0259	1.923221
2.03501	1.923076
2.04417	1.92293
2.05337	1.922783
2.06262	1.922635
2.0719	1.922486
2.08122	1.922336
2.09059	1.922185
2.1	1.922033

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

CaGdAlO₄ (Calcium gadolinium aluminate, CALGO): all datasets

About CaGdAlO4 (Calcium gadolinium aluminate, CALGO)

Calcium gadolinium aluminum oxide (CaGdAlO₄), commonly abbreviated as CALGO, is a crystalline material that has attracted interest for its optical and scintillating properties. It crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure and is characterized by high thermal stability, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. CALGO is known for its high light yield, fast decay time, and low afterglow, which makes it an attractive candidate for scintillator applications in radiation detection and medical imaging. Additionally, its transparency over a wide wavelength range and good mechanical properties have led to its exploration in the fabrication of optical components like lenses and waveguides. CALGO can be synthesized through various techniques, such as solid-state reactions and flux growth, allowing for tunability in its optical properties through doping or compositional adjustments. Overall, the unique combination of optical, thermal, and mechanical characteristics makes CALGO a promising material for a range of applications in optics, photonics, and radiation detection.

More about CaGdAlO4 (Calcium gadolinium aluminate, CALGO) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/CaGdAlO4/nk/Loiko-e.yml
ID: ds_d64fe6728ab4
API: /v1/datasets/ds_d64fe6728ab4

Plot