Optical constants

Refractive index of CaWO₄ (Calcium tungstate)

Bond 1965: n(e) 0.45–4.0 µm

Data: formula 1
Range: 0.45–4 µm
Optical axis: e
Licence: CC0-1.0

Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.93721
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 3.75276
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 33.305
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.143857 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 2.02174
Group velocity dispersion: 273.438 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -1491.75 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# CaWO4 (Calcium tungstate): Bond 1965: n(e) 0.45–4.0 µm
cawo4 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "CaWO4", "Bond-e", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(cawo4.range_nm)  # (450, 4000) nm
eps = cawo4.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_e90a5a5e3144/lightsmith"
cawo4 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(cawo4.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (cawo4/bond-1965-e).

# ... load cawo4 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=cawo4)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=450, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_e90a5a5e3144/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
cawo4_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (formula 1), λ in µm

n^{2} - 1 = \frac{2.6041 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {0.1379}^{2}} + \frac{4.1237 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {21.371}^{2}}

Valid from 0.45 to 4.0 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.0
C2	2.6041
C3	0.1379
C4	4.1237
C5	21.371

Comments and conditions

Extraordinary ray (e). Room temperature.

Conditions

direction: e

References

1) W. L. Bond. Measurement of the refractive indices of several crystals. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1674-1677 (1965)
2) Handbook of Optics, 3rd edition, Vol. 4. McGraw-Hill 2009 * Ref. 2 provides a dispersion formula based on data from ref. 1

doi:10.1063/1.1703106 Measurement of the Refractive Indices of Several Crystals, Journal of Applied Physics (1965)

Cite

W. L. Bond. Measurement of the Refractive Indices of Several Crystals. Journal of Applied Physics, 36, 1674-1677 (1965), doi:10.1063/1.1703106; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

CaWO4 (Calcium tungstate), Bond 1965: n(e) 0.45–4.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.45	1.967781
0.452471	1.966952
0.454955	1.966134
0.457453	1.965326
0.459965	1.964528
0.462491	1.96374
0.46503	1.962962
0.467583	1.962193
0.470151	1.961434
0.472732	1.960685
0.475328	1.959944
0.477938	1.959213
0.480562	1.958491
0.4832	1.957777
0.485854	1.957073
0.488521	1.956377
0.491204	1.955689
0.493901	1.95501
0.496613	1.954339
0.499339	1.953677
0.502081	1.953022
0.504838	1.952375
0.50761	1.951736
0.510397	1.951105
0.513199	1.950481
0.516017	1.949865
0.51885	1.949256
0.521699	1.948655
0.524564	1.948061
0.527444	1.947473
0.53034	1.946893
0.533252	1.94632
0.53618	1.945753
0.539124	1.945193
0.542084	1.94464
0.545061	1.944094
0.548053	1.943553
0.551063	1.943019
0.554088	1.942492
0.557131	1.94197
0.56019	1.941455
0.563265	1.940946
0.566358	1.940442
0.569468	1.939945
0.572595	1.939453
0.575739	1.938967
0.5789	1.938486
0.582078	1.938011
0.585274	1.937542
0.588488	1.937078
0.591719	1.936619
0.594968	1.936166
0.598235	1.935717
0.60152	1.935274
0.604823	1.934836
0.608143	1.934403
0.611483	1.933975
0.61484	1.933551
0.618216	1.933132
0.62161	1.932719
0.625023	1.932309
0.628455	1.931905
0.631906	1.931505
0.635376	1.931109
0.638864	1.930718
0.642372	1.930331
0.645899	1.929948
0.649446	1.92957
0.653012	1.929196
0.656597	1.928826
0.660202	1.92846
0.663827	1.928098
0.667472	1.92774
0.671137	1.927386
0.674822	1.927036
0.678527	1.92669
0.682253	1.926347
0.685999	1.926008
0.689766	1.925673
0.693553	1.925342
0.697361	1.925014
0.70119	1.924689
0.70504	1.924368
0.708911	1.924051
0.712804	1.923736
0.716717	1.923426
0.720653	1.923118
0.72461	1.922814
0.728588	1.922513
0.732589	1.922215
0.736611	1.92192
0.740656	1.921628
0.744722	1.921339
0.748811	1.921054
0.752923	1.920771
0.757057	1.920491
0.761214	1.920214
0.765393	1.91994
0.769596	1.919669
0.773822	1.919401
0.77807	1.919135
0.782343	1.918872
0.786638	1.918611
0.790957	1.918354
0.7953	1.918098
0.799667	1.917846
0.804058	1.917596
0.808473	1.917348
0.812912	1.917103
0.817375	1.91686
0.821863	1.916619
0.826376	1.916381
0.830913	1.916146
0.835476	1.915912
0.840063	1.915681
0.844675	1.915452
0.849313	1.915225
0.853977	1.915
0.858666	1.914778
0.86338	1.914557
0.868121	1.914339
0.872887	1.914123
0.87768	1.913909
0.882499	1.913696
0.887345	1.913486
0.892217	1.913277
0.897116	1.913071
0.902042	1.912866
0.906995	1.912663
0.911975	1.912462
0.916982	1.912263
0.922017	1.912066
0.927079	1.91187
0.93217	1.911676
0.937288	1.911483
0.942434	1.911293
0.947609	1.911104
0.952812	1.910916
0.958044	1.91073
0.963304	1.910546
0.968593	1.910363
0.973912	1.910182
0.979259	1.910002
0.984636	1.909824
0.990042	1.909647
0.995478	1.909472
1.00094	1.909298
1.00644	1.909125
1.01197	1.908954
1.01752	1.908784
1.02311	1.908615
1.02873	1.908448
1.03438	1.908282
1.04005	1.908117
1.04577	1.907953
1.05151	1.90779
1.05728	1.907629
1.06309	1.907469
1.06892	1.90731
1.07479	1.907152
1.08069	1.906995
1.08663	1.90684
1.09259	1.906685
1.09859	1.906531
1.10463	1.906379
1.11069	1.906227
1.11679	1.906077
1.12292	1.905927
1.12909	1.905778
1.13529	1.90563
1.14152	1.905483
1.14779	1.905337
1.15409	1.905192
1.16043	1.905048
1.1668	1.904904
1.1732	1.904762
1.17965	1.90462
1.18612	1.904479
1.19264	1.904338
1.19918	1.904199
1.20577	1.90406
1.21239	1.903922
1.21905	1.903784
1.22574	1.903647
1.23247	1.903511
1.23924	1.903375
1.24604	1.90324
1.25288	1.903106
1.25976	1.902972
1.26668	1.902839
1.27363	1.902706
1.28063	1.902574
1.28766	1.902443
1.29473	1.902311
1.30184	1.902181
1.30899	1.902051
1.31617	1.901921
1.3234	1.901792
1.33067	1.901663
1.33797	1.901534
1.34532	1.901406
1.35271	1.901278
1.36013	1.901151
1.3676	1.901024
1.37511	1.900897
1.38266	1.900771
1.39025	1.900645
1.39789	1.900519
1.40556	1.900393
1.41328	1.900268
1.42104	1.900143
1.42884	1.900018
1.43669	1.899893
1.44458	1.899769
1.45251	1.899644
1.46048	1.89952
1.4685	1.899396
1.47656	1.899272
1.48467	1.899148
1.49282	1.899024
1.50102	1.8989
1.50926	1.898777
1.51755	1.898653
1.52588	1.898529
1.53426	1.898406
1.54268	1.898282
1.55115	1.898159
1.55967	1.898035
1.56823	1.897911
1.57685	1.897787
1.5855	1.897663
1.59421	1.89754
1.60296	1.897415
1.61176	1.897291
1.62061	1.897167
1.62951	1.897042
1.63846	1.896918
1.64746	1.896793
1.6565	1.896668
1.6656	1.896542
1.67474	1.896417
1.68394	1.896291
1.69318	1.896165
1.70248	1.896038
1.71183	1.895912
1.72123	1.895785
1.73068	1.895657
1.74018	1.89553
1.74974	1.895401
1.75934	1.895273
1.769	1.895144
1.77872	1.895015
1.78848	1.894885
1.7983	1.894755
1.80818	1.894624
1.8181	1.894493
1.82809	1.894362
1.83812	1.89423
1.84822	1.894097
1.85837	1.893964
1.86857	1.89383
1.87883	1.893696
1.88914	1.893561
1.89952	1.893425
1.90995	1.893289
1.92043	1.893152
1.93098	1.893015
1.94158	1.892877
1.95224	1.892738
1.96296	1.892598
1.97374	1.892458
1.98458	1.892317
1.99547	1.892175
2.00643	1.892033
2.01745	1.891889
2.02852	1.891745
2.03966	1.8916
2.05086	1.891454
2.06212	1.891307
2.07344	1.891159
2.08483	1.891011
2.09628	1.890861
2.10779	1.890711
2.11936	1.890559
2.131	1.890407
2.1427	1.890253
2.15446	1.890099
2.16629	1.889943
2.17819	1.889786
2.19015	1.889628
2.20217	1.88947
2.21426	1.88931
2.22642	1.889148
2.23864	1.888986
2.25094	1.888822
2.2633	1.888658
2.27572	1.888492
2.28822	1.888324
2.30078	1.888156
2.31342	1.887986
2.32612	1.887815
2.33889	1.887642
2.35173	1.887468
2.36464	1.887293
2.37763	1.887116
2.39068	1.886938
2.40381	1.886759
2.41701	1.886577
2.43028	1.886395
2.44362	1.886211
2.45704	1.886025
2.47053	1.885838
2.4841	1.885649
2.49774	1.885458
2.51145	1.885266
2.52524	1.885072
2.53911	1.884877
2.55305	1.884679
2.56706	1.88448
2.58116	1.88428
2.59533	1.884077
2.60958	1.883872
2.62391	1.883666
2.63832	1.883458
2.6528	1.883248
2.66737	1.883035
2.68202	1.882821
2.69674	1.882605
2.71155	1.882387
2.72644	1.882167
2.74141	1.881945
2.75646	1.88172
2.77159	1.881494
2.78681	1.881265
2.80211	1.881034
2.8175	1.880801
2.83297	1.880565
2.84852	1.880327
2.86417	1.880087
2.87989	1.879845
2.8957	1.8796
2.9116	1.879352
2.92759	1.879102
2.94367	1.87885
2.95983	1.878595
2.97608	1.878337
2.99242	1.878077
3.00885	1.877815
3.02537	1.877549
3.04198	1.877281
3.05869	1.87701
3.07548	1.876736
3.09237	1.87646
3.10935	1.87618
3.12642	1.875898
3.14358	1.875613
3.16085	1.875324
3.1782	1.875033
3.19565	1.874738
3.2132	1.874441
3.23084	1.87414
3.24858	1.873836
3.26642	1.873529
3.28435	1.873219
3.30239	1.872905
3.32052	1.872588
3.33875	1.872267
3.35708	1.871943
3.37551	1.871615
3.39405	1.871284
3.41268	1.87095
3.43142	1.870611
3.45026	1.870269
3.46921	1.869923
3.48826	1.869574
3.50741	1.86922
3.52667	1.868863
3.54603	1.868501
3.5655	1.868136
3.58508	1.867766
3.60476	1.867393
3.62456	1.867015
3.64446	1.866633
3.66447	1.866247
3.68459	1.865856
3.70482	1.865461
3.72516	1.865061
3.74562	1.864657
3.76618	1.864249
3.78686	1.863835
3.80765	1.863417
3.82856	1.862995
3.84958	1.862567
3.87072	1.862135
3.89197	1.861697
3.91334	1.861255
3.93483	1.860807
3.95643	1.860354
3.97816	1.859896
4	1.859433

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

CaWO₄ (Calcium tungstate): all datasets

About CaWO4 (Calcium tungstate)

Calcium tungstate (CaWO₄) is an inorganic compound that crystallizes in a tetragonal or scheelite structure. It is highly regarded for its luminescent and scintillating properties, making it a popular choice for applications in radiation detection and medical imaging. When exposed to ionizing radiation, CaWO₄ exhibits strong scintillation, converting the incident radiation into visible or ultraviolet photons. This compound possesses excellent thermal stability, a high melting point, and a high density, which make it well-suited for extreme conditions. Additionally, its good transparency over a wide range of wavelengths has opened doors for its use as a host material in solid-state lasers and other photonic devices. The compound can be synthesized using various methods, including solid-state reactions and hydrothermal processes. Its versatility, stability, and unique optical properties make CaWO₄ a material of keen interest for researchers and engineers in the fields of radiation detection, medical imaging, and optoelectronics. Mineral: Scheelite

Scheelite - Wikipedia

More about CaWO4 (Calcium tungstate) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/CaWO4/nk/Bond-e.yml
ID: ds_e90a5a5e3144
API: /v1/datasets/ds_e90a5a5e3144

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