Optical constants

Refractive index of CO₂ (Carbon dioxide)

Old et al. 1971: n 0.480–1.82 µm

Data: formula 6
Range: 0.4801–1.817 µm
Temperature: 273.15 K
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.00045
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 1.0009
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 78.898
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -2.94774e-05 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.00047
Group velocity dispersion: 0.0510653 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -0.278588 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# CO2 (Carbon dioxide): Old et al. 1971: n 0.480–1.82 µm
co2 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "CO2", "Old", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(co2.range_nm)  # (480.126, 1817.23) nm
eps = co2.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_2462233f7346/lightsmith"
co2 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(co2.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (co2/old-1971).

# ... load co2 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=co2)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=481, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Gases (formula 6), λ in µm

n - 1 = \frac{1.54489 \times 10^{-6}}{0.0584738 - λ^{−2}} + \frac{0.083091927}{210.9241 - λ^{−2}} + \frac{0.002876419}{60.122959 - λ^{−2}}

Valid from 0.480126 to 1.817228 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.0
C2	1.54489e-06
C3	0.0584738
C4	0.083091927
C5	210.9241
C6	0.002876419
C7	60.122959

Comments and conditions

Standard conditions: 0 °C, 760 torr (101.325 kPa).

Conditions

temperature: 273.15 K
pressure: 101325

References

J. G. Old, K. L. Gentili, E. R. Peck. Dispersion of Carbon Dioxide. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 89-90 (1971)

doi:10.1364/josa.61.000089 Dispersion of Carbon Dioxide*, Journal of the Optical Society of America (1971)

Cite

J. G. Old, K. L. Gentili and E. R. Peck. Dispersion of Carbon Dioxide*. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 61, 89 (1971), doi:10.1364/josa.61.000089; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

CO2 (Carbon dioxide), Old et al. 1971: n 0.480–1.82 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.480126	1.000453
0.48173	1.000453
0.48334	1.000453
0.484955	1.000453
0.486576	1.000453
0.488201	1.000453
0.489833	1.000453
0.491469	1.000453
0.493112	1.000453
0.494759	1.000453
0.496413	1.000453
0.498071	1.000453
0.499736	1.000452
0.501405	1.000452
0.503081	1.000452
0.504762	1.000452
0.506449	1.000452
0.508141	1.000452
0.509839	1.000452
0.511542	1.000452
0.513252	1.000452
0.514967	1.000452
0.516687	1.000452
0.518414	1.000452
0.520146	1.000452
0.521884	1.000451
0.523628	1.000451
0.525378	1.000451
0.527133	1.000451
0.528895	1.000451
0.530662	1.000451
0.532435	1.000451
0.534214	1.000451
0.535999	1.000451
0.53779	1.000451
0.539587	1.000451
0.54139	1.000451
0.543199	1.000451
0.545014	1.000451
0.546836	1.00045
0.548663	1.00045
0.550496	1.00045
0.552336	1.00045
0.554181	1.00045
0.556033	1.00045
0.557891	1.00045
0.559755	1.00045
0.561626	1.00045
0.563502	1.00045
0.565385	1.00045
0.567274	1.00045
0.56917	1.00045
0.571072	1.00045
0.57298	1.00045
0.574894	1.00045
0.576815	1.000449
0.578743	1.000449
0.580677	1.000449
0.582617	1.000449
0.584564	1.000449
0.586517	1.000449
0.588477	1.000449
0.590443	1.000449
0.592416	1.000449
0.594396	1.000449
0.596382	1.000449
0.598375	1.000449
0.600374	1.000449
0.60238	1.000449
0.604393	1.000449
0.606413	1.000449
0.608439	1.000449
0.610472	1.000449
0.612512	1.000448
0.614559	1.000448
0.616612	1.000448
0.618672	1.000448
0.62074	1.000448
0.622814	1.000448
0.624895	1.000448
0.626983	1.000448
0.629078	1.000448
0.63118	1.000448
0.633289	1.000448
0.635405	1.000448
0.637528	1.000448
0.639659	1.000448
0.641796	1.000448
0.643941	1.000448
0.646092	1.000448
0.648251	1.000448
0.650417	1.000448
0.652591	1.000447
0.654771	1.000447
0.656959	1.000447
0.659154	1.000447
0.661357	1.000447
0.663567	1.000447
0.665784	1.000447
0.668009	1.000447
0.670241	1.000447
0.672481	1.000447
0.674728	1.000447
0.676982	1.000447
0.679244	1.000447
0.681514	1.000447
0.683791	1.000447
0.686076	1.000447
0.688369	1.000447
0.690669	1.000447
0.692977	1.000447
0.695292	1.000447
0.697615	1.000447
0.699946	1.000447
0.702285	1.000446
0.704632	1.000446
0.706986	1.000446
0.709349	1.000446
0.711719	1.000446
0.714097	1.000446
0.716483	1.000446
0.718877	1.000446
0.72128	1.000446
0.72369	1.000446
0.726108	1.000446
0.728534	1.000446
0.730968	1.000446
0.733411	1.000446
0.735862	1.000446
0.73832	1.000446
0.740788	1.000446
0.743263	1.000446
0.745746	1.000446
0.748238	1.000446
0.750739	1.000446
0.753247	1.000446
0.755764	1.000446
0.758289	1.000446
0.760823	1.000446
0.763365	1.000445
0.765916	1.000445
0.768475	1.000445
0.771043	1.000445
0.77362	1.000445
0.776205	1.000445
0.778798	1.000445
0.781401	1.000445
0.784012	1.000445
0.786631	1.000445
0.78926	1.000445
0.791897	1.000445
0.794543	1.000445
0.797198	1.000445
0.799862	1.000445
0.802535	1.000445
0.805216	1.000445
0.807907	1.000445
0.810607	1.000445
0.813315	1.000445
0.816033	1.000445
0.81876	1.000445
0.821495	1.000445
0.82424	1.000445
0.826995	1.000445
0.829758	1.000445
0.832531	1.000445
0.835312	1.000445
0.838104	1.000444
0.840904	1.000444
0.843714	1.000444
0.846533	1.000444
0.849362	1.000444
0.8522	1.000444
0.855048	1.000444
0.857905	1.000444
0.860771	1.000444
0.863648	1.000444
0.866533	1.000444
0.869429	1.000444
0.872334	1.000444
0.875249	1.000444
0.878173	1.000444
0.881108	1.000444
0.884052	1.000444
0.887006	1.000444
0.88997	1.000444
0.892944	1.000444
0.895927	1.000444
0.898921	1.000444
0.901925	1.000444
0.904939	1.000444
0.907962	1.000444
0.910996	1.000444
0.91404	1.000444
0.917095	1.000444
0.920159	1.000444
0.923234	1.000444
0.926319	1.000444
0.929414	1.000443
0.93252	1.000443
0.935636	1.000443
0.938762	1.000443
0.941899	1.000443
0.945046	1.000443
0.948204	1.000443
0.951372	1.000443
0.954551	1.000443
0.957741	1.000443
0.960941	1.000443
0.964152	1.000443
0.967374	1.000443
0.970606	1.000443
0.973849	1.000443
0.977103	1.000443
0.980368	1.000443
0.983644	1.000443
0.986931	1.000443
0.990229	1.000443
0.993538	1.000443
0.996858	1.000443
1.00019	1.000443
1.00353	1.000443
1.00688	1.000443
1.01025	1.000443
1.01362	1.000443
1.01701	1.000443
1.02041	1.000443
1.02382	1.000443
1.02724	1.000443
1.03067	1.000443
1.03412	1.000443
1.03757	1.000443
1.04104	1.000442
1.04452	1.000442
1.04801	1.000442
1.05151	1.000442
1.05502	1.000442
1.05855	1.000442
1.06209	1.000442
1.06563	1.000442
1.0692	1.000442
1.07277	1.000442
1.07635	1.000442
1.07995	1.000442
1.08356	1.000442
1.08718	1.000442
1.09081	1.000442
1.09446	1.000442
1.09811	1.000442
1.10178	1.000442
1.10546	1.000442
1.10916	1.000442
1.11286	1.000442
1.11658	1.000442
1.12031	1.000442
1.12406	1.000442
1.12781	1.000442
1.13158	1.000442
1.13536	1.000442
1.13916	1.000442
1.14296	1.000442
1.14678	1.000442
1.15061	1.000442
1.15446	1.000442
1.15832	1.000442
1.16219	1.000442
1.16607	1.000441
1.16997	1.000441
1.17388	1.000441
1.1778	1.000441
1.18173	1.000441
1.18568	1.000441
1.18964	1.000441
1.19362	1.000441
1.19761	1.000441
1.20161	1.000441
1.20563	1.000441
1.20965	1.000441
1.2137	1.000441
1.21775	1.000441
1.22182	1.000441
1.2259	1.000441
1.23	1.000441
1.23411	1.000441
1.23823	1.000441
1.24237	1.000441
1.24652	1.000441
1.25069	1.000441
1.25487	1.000441
1.25906	1.000441
1.26327	1.000441
1.26749	1.000441
1.27172	1.000441
1.27597	1.000441
1.28024	1.000441
1.28451	1.000441
1.28881	1.000441
1.29311	1.000441
1.29743	1.00044
1.30177	1.00044
1.30612	1.00044
1.31048	1.00044
1.31486	1.00044
1.31925	1.00044
1.32366	1.00044
1.32809	1.00044
1.33252	1.00044
1.33698	1.00044
1.34144	1.00044
1.34593	1.00044
1.35042	1.00044
1.35494	1.00044
1.35946	1.00044
1.36401	1.00044
1.36856	1.00044
1.37314	1.00044
1.37773	1.00044
1.38233	1.00044
1.38695	1.00044
1.39158	1.00044
1.39623	1.00044
1.4009	1.00044
1.40558	1.00044
1.41028	1.00044
1.41499	1.00044
1.41972	1.00044
1.42446	1.00044
1.42922	1.00044
1.434	1.000439
1.43879	1.000439
1.44359	1.000439
1.44842	1.000439
1.45326	1.000439
1.45811	1.000439
1.46299	1.000439
1.46787	1.000439
1.47278	1.000439
1.4777	1.000439
1.48264	1.000439
1.48759	1.000439
1.49256	1.000439
1.49755	1.000439
1.50255	1.000439
1.50758	1.000439
1.51261	1.000439
1.51767	1.000439
1.52274	1.000439
1.52783	1.000439
1.53293	1.000439
1.53805	1.000439
1.54319	1.000439
1.54835	1.000439
1.55352	1.000439
1.55871	1.000439
1.56392	1.000438
1.56915	1.000438
1.57439	1.000438
1.57965	1.000438
1.58493	1.000438
1.59023	1.000438
1.59554	1.000438
1.60087	1.000438
1.60622	1.000438
1.61159	1.000438
1.61697	1.000438
1.62238	1.000438
1.6278	1.000438
1.63324	1.000438
1.63869	1.000438
1.64417	1.000438
1.64966	1.000438
1.65518	1.000438
1.66071	1.000438
1.66626	1.000438
1.67182	1.000438
1.67741	1.000438
1.68302	1.000437
1.68864	1.000437
1.69428	1.000437
1.69994	1.000437
1.70562	1.000437
1.71132	1.000437
1.71704	1.000437
1.72278	1.000437
1.72853	1.000437
1.73431	1.000437
1.74011	1.000437
1.74592	1.000437
1.75175	1.000437
1.75761	1.000437
1.76348	1.000437
1.76937	1.000437
1.77529	1.000437
1.78122	1.000437
1.78717	1.000437
1.79314	1.000436
1.79913	1.000436
1.80514	1.000436
1.81118	1.000436
1.81723	1.000436

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

CO₂ (Carbon dioxide): all datasets

About CO2 (Carbon dioxide)

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a colorless, odorless gas that plays a critical role in various industrial, environmental, and biological systems. Composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a central carbon atom, CO₂ is a linear molecule with diverse applications. One notable use is in CO₂ lasers, which produce a high-power infrared beam and are employed in applications ranging from cutting and welding to surgical procedures. Aside from its technological uses, CO₂ is perhaps most recognized for its role as a greenhouse gas. It has a significant long-term warming effect on Earth's climate, contributing to global warming and subsequent climate change. This has led to intensive research into CO₂ capture and sequestration technologies, as well as international policies aimed at emission reduction. Other industrial uses include its role as a refrigerant, a fire suppressant, and as a solvent in supercritical fluid applications. Given its wide range of applications and environmental implications, CO₂ remains a molecule of great scientific, industrial, and global significance.

More about CO2 (Carbon dioxide) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/CO2/nk/Old.yml
ID: ds_2462233f7346
API: /v1/datasets/ds_2462233f7346

Plot