Optical constants

Refractive index of Ge2Sb2Te5 (Germanium antimony telluride, GST)

Frantz et al. 2024: n,k 0.350–29.6 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.3503–29.63 µm
Points: 2114
State: amorphous
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 3.87685
Extinction coefficient k: 1.83813

Permittivity ε₁: 11.6513
Permittivity ε₂: 14.2523

Absorption coefficient α: 393100 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 50.8776 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: 3.87398 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.6005
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Ge2Sb2Te5 (Germanium antimony telluride, GST): Frantz et al. 2024: n,k 0.350–29.6 µm
ge2sb2te5 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Ge2Sb2Te5", "Frantz-amorphous", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(ge2sb2te5.range_nm)  # (350.28, 29628) nm
eps = ge2sb2te5.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_bfe8b449e04e/lightsmith"
ge2sb2te5 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(ge2sb2te5.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (ge2sb2te5/frantz-2024-amorphous).

# ... load ge2sb2te5 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=ge2sb2te5)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Amorphous Ge₂Sb₂Te₅.

References

J. A. Frantz, J. D. Myers, A. Clabeau, R. Y. Bekele, N. Hong, M. A. Vincenti, M. Gandolfi, J. S. Sanghera. Optical constants of germanium antimony telluride (GST) in amorphous, crystalline, and intermediate states. Opt. Mater. Express 13, 3631-3640 (2023) (See supplemental materials)

doi:10.1364/ome.506019 Optical constants of germanium antimony telluride (GST) in amorphous, crystalline, and intermediate states, Optical Materials Express (2023)

Cite

Jesse A. Frantz et al.. Optical constants of germanium antimony telluride (GST) in amorphous, crystalline, and intermediate states. Optical Materials Express, 13, 3631 (2023), doi:10.1364/ome.506019; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

2114 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Ge2Sb2Te5 (Germanium antimony telluride, GST), Frantz et al. 2024: n,k 0.350–29.6 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.35028	2.39	2.137
0.35187	2.403	2.14
0.35347	2.416	2.143
0.35506	2.428	2.146
0.35666	2.441	2.149
0.35825	2.454	2.152
0.35985	2.467	2.155
0.36144	2.479	2.157
0.36303	2.492	2.16
0.36463	2.504	2.162
0.36622	2.517	2.164
0.36782	2.53	2.166
0.36941	2.542	2.168
0.37101	2.555	2.17
0.3726	2.567	2.172
0.37419	2.58	2.174
0.37579	2.592	2.176
0.37738	2.605	2.177
0.37898	2.617	2.179
0.38057	2.63	2.18
0.38217	2.642	2.182
0.38376	2.654	2.183
0.38535	2.667	2.184
0.38695	2.679	2.185
0.38854	2.691	2.186
0.39014	2.703	2.187
0.39173	2.716	2.188
0.39332	2.728	2.189
0.39492	2.74	2.189
0.39651	2.752	2.19
0.39811	2.764	2.19
0.3997	2.776	2.191
0.4013	2.788	2.191
0.40289	2.8	2.191
0.40448	2.812	2.191
0.40608	2.824	2.191
0.40767	2.836	2.191
0.40927	2.848	2.191
0.41086	2.859	2.191
0.41245	2.871	2.191
0.41405	2.883	2.19
0.41564	2.894	2.19
0.41724	2.906	2.189
0.41883	2.918	2.189
0.42042	2.929	2.188
0.42202	2.941	2.187
0.42361	2.952	2.187
0.42521	2.964	2.186
0.4268	2.975	2.185
0.42839	2.986	2.184
0.42999	2.998	2.183
0.43158	3.009	2.182
0.43318	3.02	2.18
0.43477	3.031	2.179
0.43636	3.042	2.178
0.43796	3.053	2.176
0.43955	3.064	2.175
0.44115	3.075	2.173
0.44274	3.086	2.172
0.44433	3.097	2.17
0.44593	3.108	2.168
0.44752	3.119	2.167
0.44911	3.13	2.165
0.45071	3.14	2.163
0.4523	3.151	2.161
0.4539	3.162	2.159
0.45549	3.172	2.157
0.45708	3.183	2.155
0.45868	3.193	2.153
0.46027	3.204	2.15
0.46186	3.214	2.148
0.46346	3.225	2.146
0.46505	3.235	2.143
0.46664	3.245	2.141
0.46824	3.255	2.138
0.46983	3.265	2.136
0.47142	3.276	2.133
0.47302	3.286	2.13
0.47461	3.296	2.128
0.4762	3.306	2.125
0.4778	3.315	2.122
0.47939	3.325	2.119
0.48098	3.335	2.116
0.48258	3.345	2.113
0.48417	3.355	2.11
0.48576	3.364	2.107
0.48736	3.374	2.104
0.48895	3.383	2.101
0.49054	3.393	2.097
0.49213	3.402	2.094
0.49373	3.412	2.091
0.49532	3.421	2.088
0.49691	3.43	2.084
0.49851	3.44	2.081
0.5001	3.449	2.077
0.50169	3.458	2.074
0.50328	3.467	2.07
0.50488	3.476	2.067
0.50647	3.485	2.063
0.50806	3.494	2.059
0.50965	3.503	2.056
0.51125	3.512	2.052
0.51284	3.521	2.048
0.51443	3.529	2.044
0.51602	3.538	2.04
0.51762	3.547	2.037
0.51921	3.555	2.033
0.5208	3.564	2.029
0.52239	3.572	2.025
0.52399	3.581	2.021
0.52558	3.589	2.017
0.52717	3.597	2.013
0.52876	3.606	2.008
0.53035	3.614	2.004
0.53195	3.622	2.0
0.53354	3.63	1.996
0.53513	3.638	1.992
0.53672	3.646	1.987
0.53831	3.654	1.983
0.53991	3.662	1.979
0.5415	3.67	1.974
0.54309	3.678	1.97
0.54468	3.686	1.966
0.54627	3.693	1.961
0.54786	3.701	1.957
0.54946	3.709	1.952
0.55105	3.716	1.948
0.55264	3.724	1.943
0.55423	3.731	1.939
0.55582	3.739	1.934
0.55741	3.746	1.93
0.559	3.754	1.925
0.5606	3.761	1.92
0.56219	3.768	1.916
0.56378	3.775	1.911
0.56537	3.782	1.906
0.56696	3.789	1.901
0.56855	3.796	1.897
0.57014	3.803	1.892
0.57173	3.81	1.887
0.57332	3.817	1.882
0.57491	3.824	1.878
0.5765	3.831	1.873
0.5781	3.838	1.868
0.57969	3.844	1.863
0.58128	3.851	1.858
0.58287	3.858	1.853
0.58446	3.864	1.848
0.58605	3.871	1.843
0.58764	3.877	1.838
0.58923	3.884	1.833
0.59082	3.89	1.828
0.59241	3.896	1.823
0.594	3.903	1.818
0.59559	3.909	1.813
0.59718	3.915	1.808
0.59877	3.921	1.803
0.60036	3.927	1.798
0.60195	3.933	1.793
0.60354	3.939	1.788
0.60513	3.945	1.783
0.60672	3.951	1.778
0.60831	3.957	1.773
0.6099	3.963	1.768
0.61148	3.969	1.763
0.61307	3.974	1.757
0.61466	3.98	1.752
0.61625	3.986	1.747
0.61784	3.991	1.742
0.61943	3.997	1.737
0.62102	4.002	1.732
0.62261	4.008	1.726
0.6242	4.013	1.721
0.62579	4.019	1.716
0.62738	4.024	1.711
0.62896	4.029	1.706
0.63055	4.034	1.7
0.63214	4.04	1.695
0.63373	4.045	1.69
0.63532	4.05	1.685
0.63691	4.055	1.679
0.63849	4.06	1.674
0.64008	4.065	1.669
0.64167	4.07	1.664
0.64326	4.075	1.658
0.64485	4.08	1.653
0.64643	4.085	1.648
0.64802	4.089	1.642
0.64961	4.094	1.637
0.6512	4.099	1.632
0.65279	4.103	1.627
0.65437	4.108	1.621
0.65596	4.113	1.616
0.65755	4.117	1.611
0.65914	4.122	1.605
0.66072	4.126	1.6
0.66231	4.131	1.595
0.6639	4.135	1.59
0.66548	4.139	1.584
0.66707	4.144	1.579
0.66866	4.148	1.574
0.67024	4.152	1.568
0.67183	4.156	1.563
0.67342	4.161	1.558
0.675	4.165	1.552
0.67659	4.169	1.547
0.67818	4.173	1.542
0.67976	4.177	1.537
0.68135	4.181	1.531
0.68294	4.185	1.526
0.68452	4.189	1.521
0.68611	4.193	1.515
0.68769	4.196	1.51
0.68928	4.2	1.505
0.69087	4.204	1.499
0.69245	4.208	1.494
0.69404	4.211	1.489
0.69562	4.215	1.484
0.69721	4.219	1.478
0.69879	4.222	1.473
0.70038	4.226	1.468
0.70196	4.229	1.463
0.70355	4.233	1.457
0.70513	4.236	1.452
0.70672	4.24	1.447
0.7083	4.243	1.442
0.70989	4.246	1.436
0.71147	4.25	1.431
0.71306	4.253	1.426
0.71464	4.256	1.421
0.71623	4.259	1.415
0.71781	4.263	1.41
0.71939	4.266	1.405
0.72098	4.269	1.4
0.72256	4.272	1.394
0.72415	4.275	1.389
0.72573	4.278	1.384
0.72731	4.281	1.379
0.7289	4.284	1.374
0.73048	4.287	1.368
0.73207	4.29	1.363
0.73365	4.293	1.358
0.73523	4.295	1.353
0.73681	4.298	1.348
0.7384	4.301	1.343
0.73998	4.304	1.338
0.74156	4.306	1.332
0.74315	4.309	1.327
0.74473	4.312	1.322
0.74631	4.314	1.317
0.74789	4.317	1.312
0.74948	4.32	1.307
0.75106	4.322	1.302
0.75264	4.325	1.297
0.75422	4.327	1.292
0.75581	4.33	1.286
0.75739	4.332	1.281
0.75897	4.334	1.276
0.76055	4.337	1.271
0.76213	4.339	1.266
0.76371	4.341	1.261
0.7653	4.344	1.256
0.76688	4.346	1.251
0.76846	4.348	1.246
0.77004	4.35	1.241
0.77162	4.353	1.236
0.7732	4.355	1.231
0.77478	4.357	1.226
0.77636	4.359	1.221
0.77794	4.361	1.216
0.77952	4.363	1.211
0.7811	4.365	1.206
0.78269	4.367	1.202
0.78427	4.369	1.197
0.78585	4.371	1.192
0.78743	4.373	1.187
0.78901	4.375	1.182
0.79059	4.377	1.177
0.79216	4.379	1.172
0.79374	4.38	1.167
0.79532	4.382	1.162
0.7969	4.384	1.158
0.79848	4.386	1.153
0.80006	4.387	1.148
0.80164	4.389	1.143
0.80322	4.391	1.138
0.8048	4.392	1.133
0.80638	4.394	1.129
0.80796	4.396	1.124
0.80953	4.397	1.119
0.81111	4.399	1.114
0.81269	4.4	1.11
0.81427	4.402	1.105
0.81585	4.403	1.1
0.81742	4.405	1.095
0.819	4.406	1.091
0.82058	4.408	1.086
0.82216	4.409	1.081
0.82373	4.411	1.077
0.82531	4.412	1.072
0.82689	4.413	1.067
0.82847	4.415	1.063
0.83004	4.416	1.058
0.83162	4.417	1.053
0.8332	4.418	1.049
0.83477	4.42	1.044
0.83635	4.421	1.04
0.83793	4.422	1.035
0.8395	4.423	1.031
0.84108	4.424	1.026
0.84266	4.426	1.021
0.84423	4.427	1.017
0.84581	4.428	1.012
0.84738	4.429	1.008
0.84896	4.43	1.003
0.85053	4.431	0.999
0.85211	4.432	0.994
0.85368	4.433	0.99
0.85526	4.434	0.985
0.85683	4.435	0.981
0.85841	4.436	0.977
0.85998	4.437	0.972
0.86156	4.438	0.968
0.86313	4.439	0.963
0.86471	4.44	0.959
0.86628	4.44	0.955
0.86785	4.441	0.95
0.86943	4.442	0.946
0.871	4.443	0.941
0.87258	4.444	0.937
0.87415	4.444	0.933
0.87572	4.445	0.928
0.8773	4.446	0.924
0.87887	4.447	0.92
0.88044	4.447	0.916
0.88202	4.448	0.911
0.88359	4.449	0.907
0.88516	4.449	0.903
0.88673	4.45	0.899
0.88831	4.451	0.894
0.88988	4.451	0.89
0.89145	4.452	0.886
0.89302	4.452	0.882
0.89459	4.453	0.878
0.89617	4.453	0.873
0.89774	4.454	0.869
0.89931	4.454	0.865
0.90088	4.455	0.861
0.90245	4.455	0.857
0.90402	4.456	0.853
0.90559	4.456	0.849
0.90716	4.457	0.845
0.90874	4.457	0.84
0.91031	4.457	0.836
0.91188	4.458	0.832
0.91345	4.458	0.828
0.91502	4.459	0.824
0.91659	4.459	0.82
0.91816	4.459	0.816
0.91973	4.459	0.812
0.9213	4.46	0.808
0.92286	4.46	0.804
0.92443	4.46	0.8
0.926	4.461	0.796
0.92757	4.461	0.792
0.92914	4.461	0.789
0.93071	4.461	0.785
0.93228	4.461	0.781
0.93385	4.462	0.777
0.93541	4.462	0.773
0.93698	4.462	0.769
0.93855	4.462	0.765
0.94012	4.462	0.761
0.94169	4.462	0.758
0.94325	4.462	0.754
0.94482	4.463	0.75
0.94639	4.463	0.746
0.94796	4.463	0.742
0.94952	4.463	0.739
0.95109	4.463	0.735
0.95266	4.463	0.731
0.95422	4.463	0.727
0.95579	4.463	0.724
0.95736	4.463	0.72
0.95892	4.463	0.716
0.96049	4.463	0.712
0.96205	4.463	0.709
0.96362	4.463	0.705
0.96518	4.463	0.701
0.96675	4.463	0.698
0.96832	4.462	0.694
0.96988	4.462	0.691
0.97145	4.462	0.687
0.97301	4.462	0.683
0.97457	4.462	0.68
0.97614	4.462	0.676
0.9777	4.462	0.673
0.97927	4.461	0.669
0.98083	4.461	0.665
0.9824	4.461	0.662
0.98396	4.461	0.658
0.98552	4.461	0.655
0.98709	4.46	0.651
0.98865	4.46	0.648
0.99021	4.46	0.644
0.99177	4.46	0.641
0.99334	4.459	0.637
0.9949	4.459	0.634
0.99646	4.459	0.631
0.99802	4.459	0.627
0.99959	4.458	0.624
1.0115	4.456	0.598
1.0149	4.455	0.591
1.0183	4.454	0.584
1.0218	4.453	0.577
1.0252	4.452	0.569
1.0286	4.451	0.562
1.032	4.45	0.555
1.0354	4.449	0.549
1.0388	4.448	0.542
1.0422	4.446	0.535
1.0456	4.445	0.528
1.0491	4.444	0.521
1.0525	4.443	0.515
1.0559	4.441	0.508
1.0593	4.44	0.502
1.0627	4.438	0.495
1.0661	4.437	0.489
1.0695	4.435	0.482
1.073	4.434	0.476
1.0764	4.432	0.469
1.0798	4.431	0.463
1.0832	4.429	0.457
1.0866	4.428	0.451
1.09	4.426	0.445
1.0935	4.424	0.439
1.0969	4.422	0.432
1.1003	4.421	0.426
1.1037	4.419	0.421
1.1071	4.417	0.415
1.1105	4.415	0.409
1.114	4.413	0.403
1.1174	4.411	0.397
1.1208	4.409	0.392
1.1242	4.407	0.386
1.1276	4.405	0.38
1.1311	4.403	0.375
1.1345	4.401	0.369
1.1379	4.399	0.364
1.1413	4.397	0.358
1.1447	4.395	0.353
1.1482	4.393	0.348
1.1516	4.391	0.342
1.155	4.388	0.337
1.1584	4.386	0.332
1.1619	4.384	0.327
1.1653	4.382	0.322
1.1687	4.379	0.317
1.1721	4.377	0.312
1.1756	4.375	0.307
1.179	4.372	0.302
1.1824	4.37	0.297
1.1858	4.368	0.292
1.1893	4.365	0.287
1.1927	4.363	0.283
1.1961	4.36	0.278
1.1995	4.358	0.273
1.203	4.356	0.269
1.2064	4.353	0.264
1.2098	4.351	0.26
1.2132	4.348	0.255
1.2167	4.345	0.251
1.2201	4.343	0.246
1.2235	4.34	0.242
1.227	4.338	0.238
1.2304	4.335	0.233
1.2338	4.333	0.229
1.2373	4.33	0.225
1.2407	4.327	0.221
1.2441	4.325	0.217
1.2475	4.322	0.213
1.251	4.319	0.209
1.2544	4.317	0.205
1.2578	4.314	0.201
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Showing 2,000 of 2114 rows. Download the CSV for all of them.

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Ge2Sb2Te5 (Germanium antimony telluride, GST): all datasets

Crystal

Frantz et al. 2024: n,k 0.350–32.4 µm n,k 0.3503–32.41 µm default

Amorphous

Frantz et al. 2024: n,k 0.350–29.6 µm n,k 0.3503–29.63 µm

About Ge2Sb2Te5 (Germanium antimony telluride, GST)

Germanium antimony telluride (GST) is a phase-change material commonly used in optical data storage and photonic applications due to its remarkable optical properties. This chalcogenide compound exhibits distinct refractive indices in its amorphous and crystalline states, allowing for reversible switching between these phases with the application of heat or laser pulses. This unique characteristic makes GST an essential material in rewritable optical discs, such as DVDs and Blu-rays, as well as in advanced photonic devices. The refractive index of Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ varies significantly with wavelength, making it a versatile material for various optical applications, including waveguides, modulators, and sensors. Additionally, its compatibility with existing semiconductor fabrication processes enables integration into electronic and photonic circuits, paving the way for innovative technologies in data storage and processing.

Ge2Sb2Te5 - The Materials Project

More about Ge2Sb2Te5 (Germanium antimony telluride, GST) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/Ge2Sb2Te5/nk/Frantz-amorphous.yml
ID: ds_bfe8b449e04e
API: /v1/datasets/ds_bfe8b449e04e

Plot