Optical constants

Refractive index of GeO₂ (Germanium dioxide, Germania)

Nunley et al, 2016: n,k 0.188–2.48 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.1879–2.48 µm
Points: 611
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.584
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 2.50906
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.178571 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.68893
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# GeO2 (Germanium dioxide, Germania): Nunley et al, 2016: n,k 0.188–2.48 µm
geo2 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "GeO2", "Nunley", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(geo2.range_nm)  # (187.9, 2480) nm
eps = geo2.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_ddb42b74509b/lightsmith"
geo2 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(geo2.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (geo2/nunley-2016).

# ... load geo2 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=geo2)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

300 K

References

T. N. Nunley, N. S. Fernando, N. Samarasingha, J. M. Moya, C. M. Nelson, A. A. Medina, S. Zollner. Optical constants of germanium and thermally grown germanium dioxide from 0.5 to 6.6 eV via a multi-sample ellipsometry investigation. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 34, 061205 (2016) (See supplemental materials)

doi:10.1116/1.4963075 Optical constants of germanium and thermally grown germanium dioxide from 0.5 to 6.6eV via a multisample ellipsometry investigation, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena (2016)

Cite

Timothy Nathan Nunley et al.. Optical constants of germanium and thermally grown germanium dioxide from 0.5 to 6.6eV via a multisample ellipsometry investigation. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, 34, 061205 (2016), doi:10.1116/1.4963075; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

611 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

GeO2 (Germanium dioxide, Germania), Nunley et al, 2016: n,k 0.188–2.48 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.1879	2.07	0.07627
0.1881	2.067	0.07537
0.1884	2.063	0.07449
0.1887	2.06	0.07362
0.189	2.057	0.07276
0.1893	2.054	0.07192
0.1896	2.051	0.07108
0.1899	2.048	0.07026
0.1902	2.045	0.06945
0.1905	2.042	0.06865
0.1907	2.039	0.06786
0.191	2.037	0.06709
0.1913	2.034	0.06632
0.1916	2.031	0.06556
0.1919	2.028	0.06482
0.1922	2.025	0.06408
0.1925	2.022	0.06335
0.1928	2.02	0.06264
0.1931	2.017	0.06193
0.1934	2.014	0.06123
0.1937	2.011	0.06054
0.194	2.009	0.05986
0.1943	2.006	0.05919
0.1946	2.003	0.05853
0.1949	2.001	0.05787
0.1953	1.998	0.05723
0.1956	1.996	0.05659
0.1959	1.993	0.05596
0.1962	1.991	0.05534
0.1965	1.988	0.05472
0.1968	1.986	0.05412
0.1971	1.983	0.05352
0.1974	1.981	0.05293
0.1977	1.978	0.05235
0.1981	1.976	0.05177
0.1984	1.973	0.0512
0.1987	1.971	0.05064
0.199	1.968	0.05008
0.1993	1.966	0.04953
0.1997	1.964	0.04899
0.2	1.961	0.04846
0.2003	1.959	0.04793
0.2006	1.957	0.04741
0.2009	1.954	0.04689
0.2013	1.952	0.04638
0.2016	1.95	0.04588
0.2019	1.948	0.04538
0.2023	1.945	0.04489
0.2026	1.943	0.0444
0.2029	1.941	0.04392
0.2033	1.939	0.04345
0.2036	1.937	0.04298
0.2039	1.935	0.04251
0.2043	1.932	0.04205
0.2046	1.93	0.0416
0.2049	1.928	0.04115
0.2053	1.926	0.04071
0.2056	1.924	0.04027
0.206	1.922	0.03984
0.2063	1.92	0.03941
0.2066	1.918	0.03899
0.207	1.916	0.03857
0.2073	1.914	0.03816
0.2077	1.912	0.03775
0.208	1.91	0.03734
0.2084	1.908	0.03694
0.2087	1.906	0.03655
0.2091	1.904	0.03616
0.2094	1.902	0.03577
0.2098	1.9	0.03538
0.2101	1.898	0.03501
0.2105	1.896	0.03463
0.2109	1.894	0.03426
0.2112	1.892	0.0339
0.2116	1.891	0.03353
0.2119	1.889	0.03317
0.2123	1.887	0.03282
0.2127	1.885	0.03247
0.213	1.883	0.03212
0.2134	1.881	0.03178
0.2138	1.88	0.03144
0.2141	1.878	0.0311
0.2145	1.876	0.03077
0.2149	1.874	0.03044
0.2153	1.872	0.03012
0.2156	1.871	0.02979
0.216	1.869	0.02948
0.2164	1.867	0.02916
0.2168	1.866	0.02885
0.2171	1.864	0.02854
0.2175	1.862	0.02823
0.2179	1.86	0.02793
0.2183	1.859	0.02763
0.2187	1.857	0.02734
0.2191	1.855	0.02704
0.2194	1.854	0.02675
0.2198	1.852	0.02646
0.2202	1.851	0.02618
0.2206	1.849	0.0259
0.221	1.847	0.02562
0.2214	1.846	0.02534
0.2218	1.844	0.02507
0.2222	1.843	0.0248
0.2226	1.841	0.02453
0.223	1.839	0.02427
0.2234	1.838	0.024
0.2238	1.836	0.02374
0.2242	1.835	0.02349
0.2246	1.833	0.02323
0.225	1.832	0.02298
0.2254	1.83	0.02273
0.2258	1.829	0.02248
0.2262	1.827	0.02224
0.2267	1.826	0.02199
0.2271	1.824	0.02175
0.2275	1.823	0.02151
0.2279	1.821	0.02128
0.2283	1.82	0.02105
0.2288	1.819	0.02081
0.2292	1.817	0.02059
0.2296	1.816	0.02036
0.23	1.814	0.02013
0.2305	1.813	0.01991
0.2309	1.811	0.01969
0.2313	1.81	0.01947
0.2317	1.809	0.01926
0.2322	1.807	0.01904
0.2326	1.806	0.01883
0.2331	1.805	0.01862
0.2335	1.803	0.01841
0.2339	1.802	0.01821
0.2344	1.8	0.018
0.2348	1.799	0.0178
0.2353	1.798	0.0176
0.2357	1.796	0.0174
0.2362	1.795	0.01721
0.2366	1.794	0.01701
0.2371	1.793	0.01682
0.2375	1.791	0.01663
0.238	1.79	0.01644
0.2384	1.789	0.01625
0.2389	1.787	0.01606
0.2394	1.786	0.01588
0.2398	1.785	0.0157
0.2403	1.784	0.01552
0.2407	1.782	0.01534
0.2412	1.781	0.01516
0.2417	1.78	0.01499
0.2422	1.779	0.01481
0.2426	1.778	0.01464
0.2431	1.776	0.01447
0.2436	1.775	0.0143
0.2441	1.774	0.01413
0.2445	1.773	0.01396
0.245	1.771	0.0138
0.2455	1.77	0.01364
0.246	1.769	0.01347
0.2465	1.768	0.01331
0.247	1.767	0.01315
0.2475	1.766	0.013
0.248	1.764	0.01284
0.2485	1.763	0.01269
0.249	1.762	0.01253
0.2495	1.761	0.01238
0.25	1.76	0.01223
0.2505	1.759	0.01208
0.251	1.758	0.01193
0.2515	1.757	0.01179
0.252	1.755	0.01164
0.2525	1.754	0.0115
0.253	1.753	0.01136
0.2535	1.752	0.01121
0.2541	1.751	0.01107
0.2546	1.75	0.01094
0.2551	1.749	0.0108
0.2556	1.748	0.01066
0.2562	1.747	0.01053
0.2567	1.746	0.01039
0.2572	1.745	0.01026
0.2578	1.744	0.01013
0.2583	1.743	0.009998
0.2588	1.742	0.009869
0.2594	1.741	0.009741
0.2599	1.739	0.009614
0.2605	1.738	0.009489
0.261	1.737	0.009364
0.2616	1.736	0.009241
0.2621	1.735	0.009119
0.2627	1.734	0.008997
0.2632	1.733	0.008877
0.2638	1.732	0.008758
0.2644	1.731	0.008641
0.2649	1.73	0.008524
0.2655	1.729	0.008408
0.2661	1.728	0.008293
0.2666	1.728	0.008179
0.2672	1.727	0.008067
0.2678	1.726	0.007955
0.2684	1.725	0.007844
0.2689	1.724	0.007735
0.2695	1.723	0.007626
0.2701	1.722	0.007518
0.2707	1.721	0.007412
0.2713	1.72	0.007306
0.2719	1.719	0.007201
0.2725	1.718	0.007098
0.2731	1.717	0.006995
0.2737	1.716	0.006893
0.2743	1.715	0.006792
0.2749	1.714	0.006692
0.2755	1.713	0.006593
0.2761	1.713	0.006495
0.2768	1.712	0.006398
0.2774	1.711	0.006302
0.278	1.71	0.006206
0.2786	1.709	0.006111
0.2792	1.708	0.006018
0.2799	1.707	0.005925
0.2805	1.706	0.005833
0.2811	1.706	0.005742
0.2818	1.705	0.005652
0.2824	1.704	0.005563
0.2831	1.703	0.005474
0.2837	1.702	0.005386
0.2844	1.701	0.0053
0.285	1.7	0.005214
0.2857	1.7	0.005128
0.2863	1.699	0.005044
0.287	1.698	0.004961
0.2877	1.697	0.004878
0.2883	1.696	0.004796
0.289	1.695	0.004715
0.2897	1.695	0.004635
0.2904	1.694	0.004556
0.291	1.693	0.004477
0.2917	1.692	0.004399
0.2924	1.691	0.004322
0.2931	1.691	0.004245
0.2938	1.69	0.00417
0.2945	1.689	0.004095
0.2952	1.688	0.004021
0.2959	1.687	0.003947
0.2966	1.687	0.003875
0.2973	1.686	0.003803
0.298	1.685	0.003732
0.2988	1.684	0.003662
0.2995	1.684	0.003592
0.3002	1.683	0.003523
0.3009	1.682	0.003455
0.3017	1.681	0.003388
0.3024	1.68	0.003321
0.3031	1.68	0.003256
0.3039	1.679	0.00319
0.3046	1.678	0.003126
0.3054	1.678	0.003062
0.3061	1.677	0.002999
0.3069	1.676	0.002937
0.3077	1.675	0.002875
0.3084	1.675	0.002814
0.3092	1.674	0.002754
0.31	1.673	0.002694
0.3107	1.672	0.002635
0.3115	1.672	0.002577
0.3123	1.671	0.002519
0.3131	1.67	0.002463
0.3139	1.67	0.002406
0.3147	1.669	0.002351
0.3155	1.668	0.002296
0.3163	1.667	0.002242
0.3171	1.667	0.002189
0.3179	1.666	0.002136
0.3187	1.665	0.002084
0.3195	1.665	0.002032
0.3204	1.664	0.001981
0.3212	1.663	0.001931
0.322	1.663	0.001882
0.3229	1.662	0.001833
0.3237	1.661	0.001785
0.3246	1.661	0.001737
0.3254	1.66	0.00169
0.3263	1.659	0.001644
0.3271	1.659	0.001599
0.328	1.658	0.001554
0.3289	1.657	0.001509
0.3297	1.657	0.001466
0.3306	1.656	0.001423
0.3315	1.655	0.00138
0.3324	1.655	0.001339
0.3333	1.654	0.001298
0.3342	1.654	0.001257
0.3351	1.653	0.001217
0.336	1.652	0.001178
0.3369	1.652	0.00114
0.3378	1.651	0.001102
0.3388	1.65	0.001065
0.3397	1.65	0.001028
0.3406	1.649	0.0009922
0.3416	1.649	0.0009568
0.3425	1.648	0.0009222
0.3434	1.647	0.0008881
0.3444	1.647	0.0008547
0.3454	1.646	0.0008219
0.3463	1.646	0.0007897
0.3473	1.645	0.0007581
0.3483	1.644	0.0007272
0.3493	1.644	0.000697
0.3502	1.643	0.0006673
0.3512	1.643	0.0006383
0.3522	1.642	0.0006099
0.3532	1.641	0.0005822
0.3542	1.641	0.0005551
0.3553	1.64	0.0005286
0.3563	1.64	0.0005027
0.3573	1.639	0.0004775
0.3583	1.639	0.000453
0.3594	1.638	0.000429
0.3604	1.637	0.0004057
0.3615	1.637	0.000383
0.3625	1.636	0.000361
0.3636	1.636	0.0003396
0.3647	1.635	0.0003188
0.3657	1.635	0.0002987
0.3668	1.634	0.0002792
0.3679	1.634	0.0002604
0.369	1.633	0.0002422
0.3701	1.632	0.0002246
0.3712	1.632	0.0002077
0.3723	1.631	0.0001915
0.3734	1.631	0.0001759
0.3746	1.63	0.0001609
0.3757	1.63	0.0001466
0.3769	1.629	0.0001329
0.378	1.629	0.0001199
0.3792	1.628	0.0001076
0.3803	1.628	9.589e-05
0.3815	1.627	8.486e-05
0.3827	1.627	7.449e-05
0.3839	1.626	6.479e-05
0.385	1.626	5.575e-05
0.3862	1.625	4.739e-05
0.3875	1.625	3.969e-05
0.3887	1.624	3.267e-05
0.3899	1.624	2.632e-05
0.3911	1.623	2.065e-05
0.3924	1.623	1.566e-05
0.3936	1.622	1.136e-05
0.3949	1.622	7.736e-06
0.3961	1.621	4.805e-06
0.3974	1.621	2.566e-06
0.3987	1.62	1.022e-06
0.3999	1.62	1.757e-07
0.4012	1.619	0.0
0.4025	1.619	0.0
0.4039	1.618	0.0
0.4052	1.618	0.0
0.4065	1.617	0.0
0.4078	1.617	0.0
0.4092	1.617	0.0
0.4105	1.616	0.0
0.4119	1.616	0.0
0.4133	1.615	0.0
0.4147	1.615	0.0
0.4161	1.614	0.0
0.4175	1.614	0.0
0.4189	1.613	0.0
0.4203	1.613	0.0
0.4217	1.613	0.0
0.4232	1.612	0.0
0.4246	1.612	0.0
0.4261	1.611	0.0
0.4275	1.611	0.0
0.429	1.61	0.0
0.4305	1.61	0.0
0.432	1.61	0.0
0.4335	1.609	0.0
0.435	1.609	0.0
0.4366	1.608	0.0
0.4381	1.608	0.0
0.4397	1.608	0.0
0.4412	1.607	0.0
0.4428	1.607	0.0
0.4444	1.606	0.0
0.446	1.606	0.0
0.4476	1.606	0.0
0.4492	1.605	0.0
0.4509	1.605	0.0
0.4525	1.604	0.0
0.4542	1.604	0.0
0.4558	1.604	0.0
0.4575	1.603	0.0
0.4592	1.603	0.0
0.4609	1.603	0.0
0.4626	1.602	0.0
0.4644	1.602	0.0
0.4661	1.601	0.0
0.4679	1.601	0.0
0.4696	1.601	0.0
0.4714	1.6	0.0
0.4732	1.6	0.0
0.475	1.6	0.0
0.4769	1.599	0.0
0.4787	1.599	0.0
0.4806	1.599	0.0
0.4824	1.598	0.0
0.4843	1.598	0.0
0.4862	1.597	0.0
0.4881	1.597	0.0
0.4901	1.597	0.0
0.492	1.596	0.0
0.494	1.596	0.0
0.4959	1.596	0.0
0.4979	1.595	0.0
0.4999	1.595	0.0
0.502	1.595	0.0
0.504	1.594	0.0
0.5061	1.594	0.0
0.5081	1.594	0.0
0.5102	1.593	0.0
0.5123	1.593	0.0
0.5145	1.593	0.0
0.5166	1.592	0.0
0.5188	1.592	0.0
0.5209	1.592	0.0
0.5231	1.591	0.0
0.5254	1.591	0.0
0.5276	1.591	0.0
0.5298	1.591	0.0
0.5321	1.59	0.0
0.5344	1.59	0.0
0.5367	1.59	0.0
0.5391	1.589	0.0
0.5414	1.589	0.0
0.5438	1.589	0.0
0.5462	1.588	0.0
0.5486	1.588	0.0
0.551	1.588	0.0
0.5535	1.587	0.0
0.556	1.587	0.0
0.5585	1.587	0.0
0.561	1.587	0.0
0.5636	1.586	0.0
0.5661	1.586	0.0
0.5687	1.586	0.0
0.5714	1.585	0.0
0.574	1.585	0.0
0.5767	1.585	0.0
0.5794	1.585	0.0
0.5821	1.584	0.0
0.5848	1.584	0.0
0.5876	1.584	0.0
0.5904	1.583	0.0
0.5932	1.583	0.0
0.5961	1.583	0.0
0.599	1.583	0.0
0.6019	1.582	0.0
0.6048	1.582	0.0
0.6078	1.582	0.0
0.6108	1.582	0.0
0.6138	1.581	0.0
0.6168	1.581	0.0
0.6199	1.581	0.0
0.623	1.58	0.0
0.6262	1.58	0.0
0.6294	1.58	0.0
0.6326	1.58	0.0
0.6358	1.579	0.0
0.6391	1.579	0.0
0.6424	1.579	0.0
0.6458	1.579	0.0
0.6491	1.578	0.0
0.6525	1.578	0.0
0.656	1.578	0.0
0.6595	1.578	0.0
0.663	1.577	0.0
0.6666	1.577	0.0
0.6702	1.577	0.0
0.6738	1.577	0.0
0.6775	1.576	0.0
0.6812	1.576	0.0
0.685	1.576	0.0
0.6888	1.576	0.0
0.6926	1.576	0.0
0.6965	1.575	0.0
0.7005	1.575	0.0
0.7045	1.575	0.0
0.7085	1.575	0.0
0.7126	1.574	0.0
0.7167	1.574	0.0
0.7208	1.574	0.0
0.7251	1.574	0.0
0.7293	1.573	0.0
0.7336	1.573	0.0
0.738	1.573	0.0
0.7424	1.573	0.0
0.7469	1.573	0.0
0.7514	1.572	0.0
0.756	1.572	0.0
0.7606	1.572	0.0
0.7653	1.572	0.0
0.7701	1.572	0.0
0.7749	1.571	0.0
0.7798	1.571	0.0
0.7847	1.571	0.0
0.7897	1.571	0.0
0.7948	1.57	0.0
0.7999	1.57	0.0
0.8051	1.57	0.0
0.8104	1.57	0.0
0.8157	1.57	0.0
0.8211	1.569	0.0
0.8266	1.569	0.0
0.8321	1.569	0.0
0.8377	1.569	0.0
0.8434	1.569	0.0
0.8492	1.568	0.0
0.8551	1.568	0.0
0.861	1.568	0.0
0.867	1.568	0.0
0.8731	1.568	0.0
0.8793	1.567	0.0
0.8856	1.567	0.0
0.892	1.567	0.0
0.8984	1.567	0.0
0.905	1.567	0.0
0.9116	1.566	0.0
0.9184	1.566	0.0
0.9253	1.566	0.0
0.9322	1.566	0.0
0.9393	1.566	0.0
0.9464	1.566	0.0
0.9537	1.565	0.0
0.9611	1.565	0.0
0.9686	1.565	0.0
0.9763	1.565	0.0
0.984	1.565	0.0
0.9919	1.564	0.0
0.9999	1.564	0.0
1.008	1.564	0.0
1.016	1.564	0.0
1.025	1.564	0.0
1.033	1.563	0.0
1.042	1.563	0.0
1.051	1.563	0.0
1.06	1.563	0.0
1.069	1.563	0.0
1.078	1.563	0.0
1.088	1.562	0.0
1.097	1.562	0.0
1.107	1.562	0.0
1.117	1.562	0.0
1.127	1.562	0.0
1.137	1.561	0.0
1.148	1.561	0.0
1.159	1.561	0.0
1.17	1.561	0.0
1.181	1.561	0.0
1.192	1.561	0.0
1.204	1.56	0.0
1.216	1.56	0.0
1.228	1.56	0.0
1.24	1.56	0.0
1.252	1.56	0.0
1.265	1.559	0.0
1.278	1.559	0.0
1.292	1.559	0.0
1.305	1.559	0.0
1.319	1.559	0.0
1.333	1.558	0.0
1.348	1.558	0.0
1.362	1.558	0.0
1.378	1.558	0.0
1.393	1.558	0.0
1.409	1.557	0.0
1.425	1.557	0.0
1.442	1.557	0.0
1.459	1.557	0.0
1.476	1.556	0.0
1.494	1.556	0.0
1.512	1.556	0.0
1.531	1.556	0.0
1.55	1.556	0.0
1.569	1.555	0.0
1.59	1.555	0.0
1.61	1.555	0.0
1.631	1.555	0.0
1.653	1.554	0.0
1.675	1.554	0.0
1.698	1.554	0.0
1.722	1.553	0.0
1.746	1.553	0.0
1.771	1.553	0.0
1.797	1.553	0.0
1.823	1.552	0.0
1.851	1.552	0.0
1.879	1.552	0.0
1.907	1.551	0.0
1.937	1.551	0.0
1.968	1.551	0.0
2.0	1.55	0.0
2.033	1.55	0.0
2.066	1.549	0.0
2.101	1.549	0.0
2.138	1.549	0.0
2.175	1.548	0.0
2.214	1.548	0.0
2.254	1.547	0.0
2.296	1.547	0.0
2.339	1.546	0.0
2.384	1.545	0.0
2.431	1.545	0.0
2.48	1.544	0.0

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

GeO₂ (Germanium dioxide, Germania): all datasets

About GeO2 (Germanium dioxide, Germania)

Germanium dioxide (GeO₂) is often encountered in crystalline forms, which are transparent in the ultraviolet and infrared regions of the spectrum. This material is important in optical applications like fiber optic systems, where it is used as a dopant to adjust the refractive index of silica fibers. The compound can exist in multiple polymorphs, including hexagonal and tetragonal forms, each with their own set of optical and mechanical properties. It's also a precursor for producing high-purity germanium for use in semiconductors.

More about GeO2 (Germanium dioxide, Germania) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/GeO2/nk/Nunley.yml
ID: ds_ddb42b74509b
API: /v1/datasets/ds_ddb42b74509b

Plot