Optical constants

Refractive index of HgGa₂S₄ (Mercury gallium sulfide)

Kato et al. 2016: n(e) 0.633–10.6 µm

Data: formula 4
Range: 0.6328–10.59 µm
Optical axis: e
Licence: CC0-1.0

Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 2.40094
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 5.7645
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.00737558 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 2.42004
Group velocity dispersion: 153.967 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -43.2344 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 0.478703 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# HgGa2S4 (Mercury gallium sulfide): Kato et al. 2016: n(e) 0.633–10.6 µm
hgga2s4 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "HgGa2S4", "Kato-e", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(hgga2s4.range_nm)  # (632.8, 10591) nm
eps = hgga2s4.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_a64fde59e53f/lightsmith"
hgga2s4 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(hgga2s4.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (hgga2s4/kato-2016-e).

# ... load hgga2s4 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=hgga2s4)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=633, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

RefractiveIndex.INFO (formula 4), λ in µm

n^{2} = 7.27453 + \frac{0.20413 λ^{0.0}}{λ^{2} - {0.10074}^{1.0}} + \frac{1098.54 λ^{0.0}}{λ^{2} - {719.62}^{1.0}}

Valid from 0.6328 to 10.591 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	7.27453
C2	0.20413
C3	0.0
C4	0.10074
C5	1.0
C6	1098.54
C7	0.0
C8	719.62
C9	1.0

Comments and conditions

Room temperature. Extraordinary ray (e).

Conditions

direction: e

References

K. Kato, V. Petrov, N. Umemura. Phase-matching properties of yellow color HgGa₂S₄ for SHG and SFG in the 0.944-10.5910 μm range. Appl. Opt. 55, 3145-3148 (2016)

doi:10.1364/ao.55.003145 Phase-matching properties of yellow color HgGa2S4 for SHG and SFG in the 0944–105910 μm range, Applied Optics (2016)

Cite

Kiyoshi Kato, Valentin Petrov and Nobuhiro Umemura. Phase-matching properties of yellow color HgGa2S4 for SHG and SFG in the 0944–105910 μm range. Applied Optics, 55, 3145 (2016), doi:10.1364/ao.55.003145; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

HgGa2S4 (Mercury gallium sulfide), Kato et al. 2016: n(e) 0.633–10.6 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.6328	2.535399
0.637284	2.53289
0.641801	2.530437
0.646349	2.528038
0.650929	2.525691
0.655542	2.523396
0.660188	2.52115
0.664866	2.518952
0.669578	2.516801
0.674323	2.514696
0.679102	2.512634
0.683914	2.510617
0.688761	2.508641
0.693642	2.506706
0.698558	2.50481
0.703508	2.502954
0.708494	2.501135
0.713515	2.499353
0.718571	2.497607
0.723663	2.495896
0.728792	2.494219
0.733956	2.492575
0.739158	2.490964
0.744396	2.489384
0.749671	2.487835
0.754984	2.486316
0.760334	2.484827
0.765722	2.483366
0.771149	2.481932
0.776613	2.480527
0.782117	2.479148
0.78766	2.477795
0.793242	2.476467
0.798863	2.475164
0.804524	2.473885
0.810226	2.472631
0.815967	2.471399
0.82175	2.47019
0.827573	2.469003
0.833438	2.467838
0.839344	2.466694
0.845293	2.46557
0.851283	2.464467
0.857316	2.463383
0.863391	2.462319
0.86951	2.461274
0.875672	2.460248
0.881877	2.459239
0.888127	2.458249
0.894421	2.457276
0.900759	2.456319
0.907142	2.45538
0.913571	2.454456
0.920045	2.453549
0.926565	2.452657
0.933132	2.451781
0.939744	2.45092
0.946404	2.450073
0.953111	2.449241
0.959865	2.448423
0.966667	2.447618
0.973518	2.446828
0.980417	2.44605
0.987365	2.445286
0.994362	2.444534
1.00141	2.443795
1.00851	2.443068
1.01565	2.442353
1.02285	2.441649
1.0301	2.440958
1.0374	2.440278
1.04475	2.439608
1.05215	2.43895
1.05961	2.438302
1.06712	2.437665
1.07468	2.437038
1.0823	2.436421
1.08997	2.435814
1.09769	2.435217
1.10547	2.43463
1.1133	2.434051
1.12119	2.433482
1.12914	2.432922
1.13714	2.43237
1.1452	2.431828
1.15332	2.431294
1.16149	2.430768
1.16972	2.43025
1.17801	2.42974
1.18636	2.429239
1.19476	2.428745
1.20323	2.428258
1.21176	2.427779
1.22035	2.427308
1.22899	2.426843
1.2377	2.426386
1.24647	2.425936
1.25531	2.425492
1.2642	2.425055
1.27316	2.424625
1.28219	2.424201
1.29127	2.423784
1.30042	2.423372
1.30964	2.422967
1.31892	2.422568
1.32827	2.422175
1.33768	2.421787
1.34716	2.421405
1.35671	2.421029
1.36632	2.420658
1.376	2.420293
1.38575	2.419933
1.39557	2.419578
1.40546	2.419228
1.41542	2.418884
1.42545	2.418544
1.43556	2.418209
1.44573	2.417879
1.45598	2.417553
1.46629	2.417232
1.47668	2.416916
1.48715	2.416603
1.49769	2.416296
1.5083	2.415992
1.51899	2.415693
1.52976	2.415398
1.5406	2.415107
1.55151	2.41482
1.56251	2.414537
1.57358	2.414257
1.58473	2.413982
1.59596	2.41371
1.60727	2.413441
1.61866	2.413177
1.63013	2.412915
1.64169	2.412658
1.65332	2.412403
1.66504	2.412152
1.67684	2.411904
1.68872	2.41166
1.70069	2.411418
1.71274	2.41118
1.72488	2.410944
1.7371	2.410712
1.74941	2.410482
1.76181	2.410255
1.77429	2.410032
1.78687	2.40981
1.79953	2.409592
1.81228	2.409376
1.82513	2.409163
1.83806	2.408952
1.85109	2.408744
1.8642	2.408539
1.87742	2.408335
1.89072	2.408134
1.90412	2.407936
1.91761	2.407739
1.9312	2.407545
1.94489	2.407353
1.95867	2.407164
1.97255	2.406976
1.98653	2.40679
2.00061	2.406606
2.01479	2.406425
2.02906	2.406245
2.04344	2.406067
2.05792	2.405891
2.07251	2.405717
2.08719	2.405544
2.10199	2.405374
2.11688	2.405205
2.13188	2.405037
2.14699	2.404871
2.16221	2.404707
2.17753	2.404544
2.19296	2.404383
2.2085	2.404224
2.22415	2.404065
2.23991	2.403908
2.25579	2.403753
2.27177	2.403599
2.28787	2.403446
2.30409	2.403294
2.32041	2.403144
2.33686	2.402995
2.35342	2.402847
2.3701	2.4027
2.38689	2.402554
2.40381	2.402409
2.42084	2.402266
2.438	2.402123
2.45528	2.401981
2.47268	2.401841
2.4902	2.401701
2.50785	2.401562
2.52562	2.401424
2.54352	2.401287
2.56154	2.40115
2.57969	2.401015
2.59798	2.40088
2.61639	2.400745
2.63493	2.400612
2.6536	2.400479
2.67241	2.400347
2.69134	2.400215
2.71042	2.400084
2.72963	2.399953
2.74897	2.399823
2.76845	2.399694
2.78807	2.399564
2.80783	2.399436
2.82773	2.399307
2.84776	2.399179
2.86795	2.399052
2.88827	2.398925
2.90874	2.398798
2.92935	2.398671
2.95011	2.398544
2.97102	2.398418
2.99207	2.398292
3.01328	2.398166
3.03463	2.39804
3.05614	2.397915
3.07779	2.397789
3.0996	2.397663
3.12157	2.397538
3.14369	2.397412
3.16597	2.397287
3.18841	2.397161
3.211	2.397035
3.23376	2.396909
3.25667	2.396783
3.27975	2.396657
3.30299	2.396531
3.3264	2.396404
3.34997	2.396277
3.37371	2.39615
3.39762	2.396023
3.4217	2.395895
3.44595	2.395767
3.47037	2.395638
3.49496	2.39551
3.51973	2.39538
3.54467	2.39525
3.56979	2.39512
3.59509	2.394989
3.62057	2.394858
3.64623	2.394726
3.67207	2.394593
3.69809	2.39446
3.7243	2.394326
3.75069	2.394191
3.77727	2.394056
3.80404	2.39392
3.83099	2.393783
3.85814	2.393645
3.88548	2.393507
3.91302	2.393367
3.94075	2.393227
3.96868	2.393086
3.9968	2.392943
4.02513	2.3928
4.05365	2.392656
4.08238	2.39251
4.11131	2.392364
4.14044	2.392216
4.16978	2.392067
4.19933	2.391917
4.22909	2.391766
4.25906	2.391613
4.28925	2.39146
4.31964	2.391304
4.35025	2.391148
4.38108	2.39099
4.41213	2.390831
4.4434	2.39067
4.47489	2.390507
4.5066	2.390343
4.53854	2.390178
4.5707	2.390011
4.60309	2.389842
4.63571	2.389671
4.66856	2.389499
4.70165	2.389325
4.73497	2.389149
4.76852	2.388971
4.80231	2.388791
4.83635	2.388609
4.87062	2.388425
4.90514	2.38824
4.9399	2.388052
4.9749	2.387862
5.01016	2.387669
5.04567	2.387475
5.08142	2.387278
5.11743	2.387079
5.1537	2.386878
5.19022	2.386674
5.227	2.386468
5.26404	2.386259
5.30135	2.386047
5.33892	2.385833
5.37675	2.385617
5.41486	2.385397
5.45323	2.385175
5.49187	2.38495
5.53079	2.384722
5.56999	2.384491
5.60946	2.384257
5.64921	2.38402
5.68925	2.383779
5.72956	2.383536
5.77017	2.383289
5.81106	2.383039
5.85224	2.382786
5.89371	2.382529
5.93548	2.382269
5.97754	2.382005
6.0199	2.381737
6.06256	2.381465
6.10553	2.38119
6.1488	2.380911
6.19237	2.380628
6.23625	2.380341
6.28045	2.38005
6.32495	2.379754
6.36978	2.379455
6.41492	2.37915
6.46038	2.378842
6.50616	2.378529
6.55227	2.378211
6.5987	2.377889
6.64546	2.377562
6.69256	2.37723
6.73999	2.376892
6.78775	2.37655
6.83585	2.376203
6.8843	2.37585
6.93308	2.375492
6.98221	2.375129
7.0317	2.37476
7.08153	2.374385
7.13171	2.374004
7.18225	2.373618
7.23315	2.373225
7.28441	2.372826
7.33603	2.372421
7.38802	2.37201
7.44037	2.371591
7.4931	2.371167
7.5462	2.370735
7.59968	2.370297
7.65354	2.369851
7.70777	2.369398
7.7624	2.368938
7.81741	2.36847
7.87281	2.367995
7.9286	2.367511
7.98479	2.36702
8.04137	2.366521
8.09836	2.366013
8.15575	2.365497
8.21354	2.364972
8.27175	2.364438
8.33037	2.363895
8.3894	2.363343
8.44886	2.362781
8.50873	2.36221
8.56903	2.361629
8.62976	2.361038
8.69091	2.360437
8.7525	2.359825
8.81453	2.359203
8.87699	2.358569
8.9399	2.357925
9.00326	2.357269
9.06706	2.356601
9.13131	2.355922
9.19602	2.35523
9.26119	2.354526
9.32682	2.353809
9.39292	2.353079
9.45948	2.352335
9.52652	2.351579
9.59403	2.350808
9.66202	2.350023
9.73049	2.349223
9.79945	2.348408
9.8689	2.347579
9.93883	2.346733
10.0093	2.345872
10.0802	2.344994
10.1516	2.344099
10.2236	2.343187
10.296	2.342258
10.369	2.341311
10.4425	2.340345
10.5165	2.33936
10.591	2.338356

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

HgGa₂S₄ (Mercury gallium sulfide): all datasets

About HgGa2S4 (Mercury gallium sulfide)

Mercury gallium sulfide (HgGa₂S₄) is a ternary compound notable for its non-linear optical properties. It is primarily used in optical applications, such as frequency conversion and phase matching in laser systems. The compound's non-linear optical coefficients make it suitable for second harmonic generation (SHG) and other non-linear processes. However, the presence of mercury in the compound necessitates careful handling due to toxicity risks. Research into this material often focuses on optimizing its non-linear characteristics and improving its thermal and mechanical stability for optical applications.

More about HgGa2S4 (Mercury gallium sulfide) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/HgGa2S4/nk/Kato-e.yml
ID: ds_a64fde59e53f
API: /v1/datasets/ds_a64fde59e53f

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