Optical constants

Refractive index of FDS24 (HOYA)

FDS24: n,k 0.365–1.014 µm

Data: formula 3 + tabulated k
Range: 0.365–1.014 µm
Temperature: 293 K
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength. Note: k data cover 370-1550 nm only; k = 0 elsewhere in the n range 365.01-1013.98 nm.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.92118
Extinction coefficient k: 5.83258e-08

Permittivity ε₁: 3.69094
Permittivity ε₂: 2.24109e-07

Absorption coefficient α: 0.0124735 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 1.60340e+09 nm

Abbe number V_d: 23.956
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.191985 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 2.03399
Group velocity dispersion: 400.449 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -2184.66 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# FDS24 (HOYA): FDS24
hoya_fds24 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("specs", "HOYA-optical", "FDS24", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(hoya_fds24.range_nm)  # (365.01, 1013.98) nm
eps = hoya_fds24.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_cd97aa7b6046/lightsmith"
hoya_fds24 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(hoya_fds24.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (hoya-fds24/hoya).

# ... load hoya_fds24 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=hoya_fds24)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Polynomial (formula 3), λ in µm

n^{2} = 3.5126327 - 0.0153015 λ^{2.0} + 0.053936061 λ^{- 2.0} + 0.0034949369 λ^{- 4.0} - 0.00017950295 λ^{- 6.0} + 3.4403181 \times 10^{-5} λ^{- 8.0}

Valid from 0.36501 to 1.01398 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	3.5126327
C2	-0.0153015
C3	2.0
C4	0.053936061
C5	-2.0
C6	0.0034949369
C7	-4.0
C8	-0.00017950295
C9	-6.0
C10	3.4403181e-05
C11	-8.0

Comments and conditions

Recommended glass type

Conditions

temperature: 293 K

Properties

thermal dispersion: type: formula A, coefficients: -3.37e-06 7.78e-09 -2.33e-11 1.13e-06 1.32e-09 0.275
nd: 1.92119
Vd: 23.96
glass code: 921240
glass status: standard
density: value: 3840
thermal expansion: value: 7.8e-06, temperature range: 243 343; value: 9.6e-06, temperature range: 293 573
dPgF: 0.0151
resistance: acid: 1.0; stain: 1.0; climatic: 1.0

Thermo-optic coefficient

Schott thermal-dispersion model (reference temperature 293.0 K): dn/dT = 7.39e-08 K⁻¹ at 633 nm

Notes on the source data (kept exactly as published):

k data cover 370-1550 nm only; k = 0 elsewhere in the n range 365.01-1013.98 nm

References

HOYA Zemax catalog 2017-04-01 (obtained from http://www.hoya-opticalworld.com)

Cite

HOYA Zemax catalog 2017-04-01 (obtained from http://www.hoya-opticalworld.com); Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 421 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

FDS24 (HOYA), FDS24: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.36501	2.036073	0
0.365946	2.03481	0
0.366884	2.033561	0
0.367825	2.032325	0
0.368768	2.031102	0
0.369713	2.029891	0
0.37	2.029528	7.872200e-06
0.370661	2.028694	7.591685e-06
0.371612	2.027509	7.188588e-06
0.372565	2.026337	6.784458e-06
0.37352	2.025177	6.379291e-06
0.374477	2.024029	5.973086e-06
0.375438	2.022893	5.565839e-06
0.3764	2.021768	5.157548e-06
0.377365	2.020655	4.748210e-06
0.378333	2.019553	4.337823e-06
0.379303	2.018463	3.926384e-06
0.38	2.017688	3.630700e-06
0.380275	2.017384	3.586438e-06
0.38125	2.016315	3.429734e-06
0.382228	2.015257	3.272628e-06
0.383208	2.01421	3.115119e-06
0.38419	2.013174	2.957206e-06
0.385176	2.012147	2.798889e-06
0.386163	2.011131	2.640165e-06
0.387153	2.010125	2.481035e-06
0.388146	2.009128	2.321496e-06
0.389141	2.008142	2.161549e-06
0.39	2.0073	2.023500e-06
0.390139	2.007165	2.013972e-06
0.391139	2.006197	1.945312e-06
0.392142	2.005239	1.876475e-06
0.393147	2.00429	1.807461e-06
0.394155	2.00335	1.738271e-06
0.395166	2.002419	1.668903e-06
0.396179	2.001497	1.599358e-06
0.397195	2.000584	1.529634e-06
0.398213	1.999679	1.459731e-06
0.399234	1.998783	1.389649e-06
0.4	1.998118	1.337100e-06
0.400258	1.997896	1.329149e-06
0.401284	1.997016	1.297526e-06
0.402313	1.996145	1.265823e-06
0.403345	1.995282	1.234038e-06
0.404379	1.994426	1.202172e-06
0.405416	1.993579	1.170224e-06
0.406455	1.992739	1.138195e-06
0.407497	1.991907	1.106083e-06
0.408542	1.991083	1.073888e-06
0.40959	1.990266	1.041612e-06
0.41064	1.989456	1.009252e-06
0.411693	1.988654	9.768096e-07
0.412748	1.987859	9.442839e-07
0.413806	1.987071	9.116748e-07
0.414867	1.98629	8.789821e-07
0.415931	1.985516	8.462056e-07
0.416998	1.984748	8.133450e-07
0.418067	1.983988	7.804002e-07
0.419139	1.983234	7.473709e-07
0.42	1.982634	7.208300e-07
0.420213	1.982486	7.178733e-07
0.421291	1.981746	7.029398e-07
0.422371	1.981011	6.879681e-07
0.423454	1.980283	6.729579e-07
0.42454	1.979561	6.579092e-07
0.425628	1.978846	6.428220e-07
0.426719	1.978136	6.276961e-07
0.427813	1.977433	6.125314e-07
0.42891	1.976735	5.973278e-07
0.43001	1.976043	5.820853e-07
0.431113	1.975358	5.668036e-07
0.432218	1.974677	5.514828e-07
0.433326	1.974003	5.361227e-07
0.434437	1.973334	5.207232e-07
0.435551	1.972671	5.052842e-07
0.436668	1.972013	4.898057e-07
0.437787	1.971361	4.742874e-07
0.43891	1.970714	4.587294e-07
0.44	1.970092	4.436200e-07
0.440035	1.970072	4.433761e-07
0.441163	1.969436	4.355687e-07
0.442295	1.968804	4.277413e-07
0.443429	1.968178	4.198938e-07
0.444566	1.967557	4.120262e-07
0.445705	1.966941	4.041384e-07
0.446848	1.96633	3.962304e-07
0.447994	1.965724	3.883022e-07
0.449143	1.965122	3.803536e-07
0.450294	1.964526	3.723846e-07
0.451449	1.963934	3.643952e-07
0.452606	1.963346	3.563853e-07
0.453767	1.962764	3.483548e-07
0.45493	1.962186	3.403038e-07
0.456097	1.961612	3.322322e-07
0.457266	1.961043	3.241398e-07
0.458438	1.960478	3.160267e-07
0.459614	1.959918	3.078928e-07
0.46	1.959735	3.052200e-07
0.460792	1.959362	3.021704e-07
0.461974	1.95881	2.976224e-07
0.463158	1.958263	2.930627e-07
0.464346	1.95772	2.884914e-07
0.465536	1.957181	2.839083e-07
0.46673	1.956646	2.793135e-07
0.467927	1.956115	2.747068e-07
0.469126	1.955588	2.700884e-07
0.470329	1.955065	2.654581e-07
0.471535	1.954546	2.608160e-07
0.472744	1.954031	2.561619e-07
0.473956	1.953519	2.514960e-07
0.475171	1.953012	2.468180e-07
0.47639	1.952508	2.421281e-07
0.477611	1.952008	2.374261e-07
0.478836	1.951512	2.327121e-07
0.48	1.951044	2.282300e-07
0.480063	1.951019	2.280477e-07
0.481294	1.95053	2.245084e-07
0.482528	1.950045	2.209599e-07
0.483765	1.949563	2.174024e-07
0.485006	1.949084	2.138358e-07
0.486249	1.94861	2.102600e-07
0.487496	1.948138	2.066750e-07
0.488746	1.94767	2.030808e-07
0.489999	1.947205	1.994775e-07
0.491255	1.946744	1.958649e-07
0.492515	1.946286	1.922430e-07
0.493778	1.945831	1.886118e-07
0.495044	1.94538	1.849714e-07
0.496313	1.944932	1.813216e-07
0.497586	1.944486	1.776624e-07
0.498861	1.944044	1.739938e-07
0.5	1.943654	1.707200e-07
0.500141	1.943606	1.704511e-07
0.501423	1.94317	1.679973e-07
0.502709	1.942737	1.655373e-07
0.503997	1.942308	1.630709e-07
0.50529	1.941881	1.605982e-07
0.506585	1.941457	1.581192e-07
0.507884	1.941037	1.556338e-07
0.509186	1.940619	1.531420e-07
0.510492	1.940204	1.506439e-07
0.511801	1.939792	1.481394e-07
0.513113	1.939383	1.456284e-07
0.514429	1.938976	1.431110e-07
0.515748	1.938573	1.405871e-07
0.51707	1.938172	1.380568e-07
0.518396	1.937774	1.355199e-07
0.519725	1.937378	1.329766e-07
0.521057	1.936985	1.304268e-07
0.522393	1.936595	1.278704e-07
0.523733	1.936208	1.253074e-07
0.525076	1.935823	1.227379e-07
0.526422	1.935441	1.201618e-07
0.527772	1.935061	1.175791e-07
0.529125	1.934684	1.149898e-07
0.530481	1.93431	1.123938e-07
0.531842	1.933937	1.097912e-07
0.533205	1.933568	1.071819e-07
0.534572	1.933201	1.045659e-07
0.535943	1.932836	1.019432e-07
0.537317	1.932474	9.931382e-08
0.538695	1.932114	9.667766e-08
0.540076	1.931756	9.403474e-08
0.541461	1.931401	9.138505e-08
0.542849	1.931048	8.872856e-08
0.544241	1.930698	8.606526e-08
0.545636	1.930349	8.339513e-08
0.547035	1.930003	8.071816e-08
0.548438	1.929659	7.803432e-08
0.549844	1.929318	7.534360e-08
0.55	1.92928	7.504500e-08
0.551254	1.928979	7.448752e-08
0.552667	1.928642	7.385904e-08
0.554084	1.928307	7.322894e-08
0.555505	1.927974	7.259723e-08
0.556929	1.927643	7.196391e-08
0.558357	1.927315	7.132896e-08
0.559789	1.926988	7.069238e-08
0.561224	1.926664	7.005417e-08
0.562663	1.926341	6.941432e-08
0.564106	1.926021	6.877283e-08
0.565552	1.925703	6.812970e-08
0.567002	1.925387	6.748491e-08
0.568456	1.925073	6.683848e-08
0.569913	1.92476	6.619039e-08
0.571374	1.92445	6.554063e-08
0.572839	1.924142	6.488921e-08
0.574308	1.923836	6.423612e-08
0.575781	1.923531	6.358135e-08
0.577257	1.923229	6.292491e-08
0.578737	1.922928	6.226678e-08
0.580221	1.922629	6.160697e-08
0.581709	1.922332	6.094546e-08
0.5832	1.922037	6.028226e-08
0.584695	1.921744	5.961736e-08
0.586195	1.921452	5.895075e-08
0.587697	1.921163	5.828243e-08
0.589204	1.920875	5.761240e-08
0.590715	1.920589	5.694066e-08
0.59223	1.920304	5.626718e-08
0.593748	1.920022	5.559199e-08
0.59527	1.919741	5.491506e-08
0.596797	1.919462	5.423640e-08
0.598327	1.919184	5.355599e-08
0.599861	1.918909	5.287384e-08
0.6	1.918884	5.281200e-08
0.601399	1.918634	5.293514e-08
0.602941	1.918362	5.307086e-08
0.604487	1.918091	5.320693e-08
0.606037	1.917822	5.334335e-08
0.607591	1.917554	5.348012e-08
0.609148	1.917289	5.361724e-08
0.61071	1.917024	5.375472e-08
0.612276	1.916761	5.389254e-08
0.613846	1.9165	5.403072e-08
0.61542	1.916241	5.416925e-08
0.616998	1.915983	5.430814e-08
0.61858	1.915726	5.444739e-08
0.620166	1.915471	5.458699e-08
0.621756	1.915217	5.472695e-08
0.62335	1.914965	5.486726e-08
0.624948	1.914715	5.500794e-08
0.626551	1.914466	5.514898e-08
0.628157	1.914218	5.529038e-08
0.629768	1.913972	5.543214e-08
0.631382	1.913727	5.557427e-08
0.633001	1.913484	5.571676e-08
0.634624	1.913242	5.585962e-08
0.636251	1.913002	5.600284e-08
0.637883	1.912763	5.614643e-08
0.639518	1.912525	5.629039e-08
0.641158	1.912289	5.643471e-08
0.642802	1.912054	5.657941e-08
0.64445	1.911821	5.672448e-08
0.646102	1.911588	5.686992e-08
0.647759	1.911358	5.701573e-08
0.64942	1.911128	5.716192e-08
0.65	1.911048	5.721300e-08
0.651085	1.9109	5.694247e-08
0.652754	1.910673	5.652613e-08
0.654428	1.910447	5.610872e-08
0.656106	1.910223	5.569025e-08
0.657788	1.91	5.527070e-08
0.659474	1.909778	5.485007e-08
0.661165	1.909558	5.442837e-08
0.662861	1.909338	5.400559e-08
0.66456	1.90912	5.358172e-08
0.666264	1.908904	5.315676e-08
0.667972	1.908688	5.273072e-08
0.669685	1.908474	5.230358e-08
0.671402	1.908261	5.187535e-08
0.673123	1.908049	5.144602e-08
0.674849	1.907838	5.101559e-08
0.67658	1.907628	5.058405e-08
0.678314	1.90742	5.015141e-08
0.680053	1.907212	4.971766e-08
0.681797	1.907006	4.928280e-08
0.683545	1.906801	4.884682e-08
0.685298	1.906598	4.840973e-08
0.687055	1.906395	4.797151e-08
0.688816	1.906193	4.753217e-08
0.690583	1.905993	4.709170e-08
0.692353	1.905793	4.665011e-08
0.694128	1.905595	4.620738e-08
0.695908	1.905398	4.576352e-08
0.697692	1.905202	4.531852e-08
0.699481	1.905007	4.487238e-08
0.7	1.90495	4.474300e-08
0.701275	1.904813	4.436500e-08
0.703073	1.90462	4.383181e-08
0.704875	1.904428	4.329725e-08
0.706683	1.904237	4.276132e-08
0.708495	1.904047	4.222401e-08
0.710311	1.903858	4.168533e-08
0.712132	1.90367	4.114527e-08
0.713958	1.903484	4.060382e-08
0.715789	1.903298	4.006099e-08
0.717624	1.903113	3.951676e-08
0.719464	1.902929	3.897114e-08
0.721309	1.902746	3.842411e-08
0.723158	1.902564	3.787569e-08
0.725012	1.902384	3.732586e-08
0.726871	1.902204	3.677462e-08
0.728735	1.902025	3.622196e-08
0.730603	1.901846	3.566789e-08
0.732477	1.901669	3.511240e-08
0.734355	1.901493	3.455549e-08
0.736237	1.901318	3.399714e-08
0.738125	1.901144	3.343737e-08
0.740018	1.90097	3.287616e-08
0.741915	1.900798	3.231351e-08
0.743817	1.900626	3.174941e-08
0.745724	1.900455	3.118388e-08
0.747636	1.900285	3.061689e-08
0.749553	1.900116	3.004845e-08
0.75	1.900077	2.991600e-08
0.751475	1.899948	2.966827e-08
0.753402	1.899781	2.934470e-08
0.755334	1.899614	2.902030e-08
0.75727	1.899449	2.869507e-08
0.759212	1.899284	2.836901e-08
0.761159	1.89912	2.804211e-08
0.76311	1.898957	2.771438e-08
0.765067	1.898795	2.738580e-08
0.767028	1.898634	2.705638e-08
0.768995	1.898473	2.672612e-08
0.770967	1.898313	2.639501e-08
0.772943	1.898154	2.606305e-08
0.774925	1.897996	2.573024e-08
0.776912	1.897839	2.539657e-08
0.778904	1.897682	2.506205e-08
0.78	1.897596	2.487800e-08
0.780901	1.897526	2.461889e-08
0.782903	1.897371	2.404316e-08
0.784911	1.897217	2.346595e-08
0.786923	1.897063	2.288726e-08
0.788941	1.89691	2.230709e-08
0.790964	1.896758	2.172542e-08
0.792992	1.896607	2.114227e-08
0.795025	1.896456	2.055762e-08
0.797063	1.896307	1.997148e-08
0.799107	1.896158	1.938383e-08
0.8	1.896093	1.912700e-08
0.801156	1.896009	1.915466e-08
0.80321	1.895862	1.920382e-08
0.805269	1.895715	1.925311e-08
0.807334	1.895568	1.930253e-08
0.809404	1.895423	1.935207e-08
0.811479	1.895278	1.940174e-08
0.81356	1.895134	1.945153e-08
0.815646	1.89499	1.950146e-08
0.817737	1.894848	1.955151e-08
0.819834	1.894705	1.960169e-08
0.821936	1.894564	1.965200e-08
0.824043	1.894423	1.970243e-08
0.826156	1.894283	1.975300e-08
0.828274	1.894144	1.980370e-08
0.83	1.894031	1.984500e-08
0.830398	1.894005	1.985451e-08
0.832527	1.893867	1.990540e-08
0.834662	1.893729	1.995641e-08
0.836802	1.893592	2.000756e-08
0.838947	1.893456	2.005884e-08
0.841098	1.89332	2.011025e-08
0.843255	1.893185	2.016179e-08
0.845417	1.893051	2.021346e-08
0.847584	1.892917	2.026527e-08
0.849758	1.892784	2.031721e-08
0.85	1.892769	2.032300e-08
0.851936	1.892651	2.036928e-08
0.854121	1.892519	2.042148e-08
0.856311	1.892388	2.047382e-08
0.858506	1.892257	2.052630e-08
0.860707	1.892127	2.057891e-08
0.862914	1.891997	2.063165e-08
0.865127	1.891868	2.068453e-08
0.867345	1.89174	2.073754e-08
0.869569	1.891612	2.079069e-08
0.871798	1.891484	2.084398e-08
0.874033	1.891358	2.089740e-08
0.876274	1.891231	2.095096e-08
0.878521	1.891106	2.100466e-08
0.880774	1.89098	2.105849e-08
0.883032	1.890856	2.111246e-08
0.885296	1.890732	2.116658e-08
0.887566	1.890608	2.122083e-08
0.889842	1.890485	2.127521e-08
0.892123	1.890363	2.132974e-08
0.894411	1.890241	2.138441e-08
0.896704	1.890119	2.143922e-08
0.899003	1.889998	2.149417e-08
0.9	1.889946	2.151800e-08
0.901308	1.889878	2.135104e-08
0.903619	1.889758	2.105602e-08
0.905936	1.889638	2.076025e-08
0.908258	1.889519	2.046373e-08
0.910587	1.889401	2.016644e-08
0.912922	1.889283	1.986839e-08
0.915263	1.889165	1.956958e-08
0.917609	1.889048	1.927000e-08
0.919962	1.888931	1.896965e-08
0.922321	1.888815	1.866853e-08
0.924686	1.8887	1.836664e-08
0.927056	1.888585	1.806397e-08
0.929433	1.88847	1.776053e-08
0.931816	1.888356	1.745632e-08
0.934206	1.888242	1.715132e-08
0.936601	1.888128	1.684554e-08
0.939002	1.888016	1.653897e-08
0.94141	1.887903	1.623162e-08
0.943824	1.887791	1.592348e-08
0.946244	1.887679	1.561455e-08
0.94867	1.887568	1.530483e-08
0.95	1.887508	1.513500e-08
0.951102	1.887457	1.515254e-08
0.953541	1.887347	1.519137e-08
0.955985	1.887237	1.523029e-08
0.958437	1.887128	1.526931e-08
0.960894	1.887019	1.530843e-08
0.963358	1.88691	1.534765e-08
0.965828	1.886802	1.538698e-08
0.968304	1.886694	1.542640e-08
0.970787	1.886586	1.546592e-08
0.973276	1.886479	1.550555e-08
0.975771	1.886372	1.554528e-08
0.978273	1.886266	1.558511e-08
0.980781	1.88616	1.562504e-08
0.983296	1.886054	1.566507e-08
0.985817	1.885949	1.570521e-08
0.988345	1.885844	1.574545e-08
0.990879	1.88574	1.578579e-08
0.993419	1.885636	1.582624e-08
0.995967	1.885532	1.586679e-08
0.99852	1.885429	1.590744e-08
1	1.885369	1.593100e-08
1.00108	1.885326	1.594822e-08
1.00365	1.885223	1.598913e-08
1.00622	1.885121	1.603015e-08
1.0088	1.885019	1.607128e-08
1.01139	1.884917	1.611251e-08
1.01398	1.884816	1.615384e-08

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

FDS24 (HOYA): all datasets

FDS (Special dense flint)

FDS24 n,k 0.365–1.014 µm default

About FDS24 (HOYA)

HOYA Corporation is a global technology company based in Japan, known for its diverse range of products in the fields of healthcare and optics. In the optical industry, HOYA is particularly recognized for its high-quality optical glass and lens technologies. The company produces a wide array of optical products, from eyeglass lenses with advanced coatings to specialized glass materials used in cameras, telescopes, and other precision optical instruments. HOYA's expertise extends to various types of optical glass, including low-dispersion and high-refractive-index materials, which find applications in situations requiring exceptional optical clarity and performance. Beyond its contributions to optics, HOYA has also ventured into medical technologies, making it a multi-faceted company with a broad impact. With a commitment to innovation and quality, HOYA has earned a reputation as a leader in its field, consistently delivering products that set industry standards for performance and reliability. Their expansive portfolio and technological prowess make them a go-to provider for both consumer and industrial optical solutions.

More about FDS24 (HOYA) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/specs/hoya/optical/FDS24.yml
ID: ds_cd97aa7b6046
API: /v1/datasets/ds_cd97aa7b6046

Plot