Optical constants

Refractive index of MC-TAF1 (HOYA)

MC-TAF1: n,k 0.365–1.014 µm

Data: formula 3 + tabulated k
Range: 0.365–1.014 µm
Temperature: 293 K
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.7725
Extinction coefficient k: 1.29605e-08

Permittivity ε₁: 3.14175
Permittivity ε₂: 4.59449e-08

Absorption coefficient α: 0.00277172 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 7.21573e+09 nm

Abbe number V_d: 49.465
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0802392 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.81965
Group velocity dispersion: 146.012 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -796.575 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# MC-TAF1 (HOYA): MC-TAF1
hoya_mc_taf1 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("specs", "HOYA-optical", "MC-TAF1", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(hoya_mc_taf1.range_nm)  # (365.01, 1013.98) nm
eps = hoya_mc_taf1.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_53fde1d790a4/lightsmith"
hoya_mc_taf1 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(hoya_mc_taf1.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (hoya-mc-taf1/hoya).

# ... load hoya_mc_taf1 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=hoya_mc_taf1)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Polynomial (formula 3), λ in µm

n^{2} = 3.070806 - 0.012276924 λ^{2.0} + 0.02456566 λ^{- 2.0} + 0.00047436648 λ^{- 4.0} + 5.432616 \times 10^{-7} λ^{- 6.0} + 6.5976661 \times 10^{-7} λ^{- 8.0}

Valid from 0.36501 to 1.01398 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	3.070806
C2	-0.012276924
C3	2.0
C4	0.02456566
C5	-2.0
C6	0.00047436648
C7	-4.0
C8	5.432616e-07
C9	-6.0
C10	6.5976661e-07
C11	-8.0

Comments and conditions

Not in a position to accept new order because of discontinuation.

Conditions

temperature: 293 K

Properties

thermal dispersion: type: formula A, coefficients: 3.46184e-06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
nd: 1.77250
Vd: 49.47
glass code: 773495
glass status: special
density: value: 4830
thermal expansion: value: 7.6e-06, temperature range: 243 343; value: 9e-06, temperature range: 293 573
dPgF: -0.0052
resistance: acid: 3.0; stain: 1.0; climatic: 1.0

Thermo-optic coefficient

Schott thermal-dispersion model (reference temperature 293.0 K): dn/dT = 2.08e-06 K⁻¹ at 633 nm

References

HOYA Zemax catalog 2017-04-01 (obtained from http://www.hoya-opticalworld.com)

Cite

HOYA Zemax catalog 2017-04-01 (obtained from http://www.hoya-opticalworld.com); Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 421 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

MC-TAF1 (HOYA), MC-TAF1: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.36501	1.811795	2.387591e-07
0.365946	1.811444	2.269755e-07
0.366884	1.811097	2.151617e-07
0.367825	1.810751	2.033176e-07
0.368768	1.810408	1.914432e-07
0.369713	1.810067	1.795383e-07
0.37	1.809964	1.759300e-07
0.370661	1.809728	1.712125e-07
0.371612	1.809391	1.644336e-07
0.372565	1.809056	1.576373e-07
0.37352	1.808724	1.508235e-07
0.374477	1.808393	1.439923e-07
0.375438	1.808065	1.371436e-07
0.3764	1.807739	1.302773e-07
0.377365	1.807415	1.233934e-07
0.378333	1.807093	1.164918e-07
0.379303	1.806773	1.095726e-07
0.38	1.806545	1.046000e-07
0.380275	1.806455	1.036207e-07
0.38125	1.806139	1.001535e-07
0.382228	1.805825	9.667749e-08
0.383208	1.805513	9.319254e-08
0.38419	1.805203	8.969865e-08
0.385176	1.804895	8.619581e-08
0.386163	1.804589	8.268398e-08
0.387153	1.804285	7.916315e-08
0.388146	1.803982	7.563330e-08
0.389141	1.803682	7.209439e-08
0.39	1.803425	6.904000e-08
0.390139	1.803383	6.874945e-08
0.391139	1.803087	6.665562e-08
0.392142	1.802792	6.455642e-08
0.393147	1.802499	6.245183e-08
0.394155	1.802208	6.034185e-08
0.395166	1.801918	5.822646e-08
0.396179	1.801631	5.610564e-08
0.397195	1.801345	5.397939e-08
0.398213	1.801061	5.184768e-08
0.399234	1.800778	4.971051e-08
0.4	1.800568	4.810800e-08
0.400258	1.800498	4.792070e-08
0.401284	1.800219	4.717580e-08
0.402313	1.799942	4.642898e-08
0.403345	1.799666	4.568026e-08
0.404379	1.799393	4.492961e-08
0.405416	1.799121	4.417704e-08
0.406455	1.79885	4.342254e-08
0.407497	1.798581	4.266610e-08
0.408542	1.798314	4.190773e-08
0.40959	1.798049	4.114741e-08
0.41064	1.797785	4.038514e-08
0.411693	1.797522	3.962092e-08
0.412748	1.797262	3.885473e-08
0.413806	1.797003	3.808658e-08
0.414867	1.796745	3.731647e-08
0.415931	1.796489	3.654438e-08
0.416998	1.796234	3.577031e-08
0.418067	1.795982	3.499425e-08
0.419139	1.79573	3.421620e-08
0.42	1.79553	3.359100e-08
0.420213	1.79548	3.353269e-08
0.421291	1.795232	3.323818e-08
0.422371	1.794985	3.294291e-08
0.423454	1.794739	3.264689e-08
0.42454	1.794495	3.235011e-08
0.425628	1.794253	3.205256e-08
0.426719	1.794012	3.175426e-08
0.427813	1.793772	3.145519e-08
0.42891	1.793534	3.115535e-08
0.43001	1.793297	3.085474e-08
0.431113	1.793061	3.055337e-08
0.432218	1.792827	3.025122e-08
0.433326	1.792594	2.994829e-08
0.434437	1.792363	2.964459e-08
0.435551	1.792133	2.934011e-08
0.436668	1.791905	2.903485e-08
0.437787	1.791677	2.872881e-08
0.43891	1.791451	2.842198e-08
0.44	1.791234	2.812400e-08
0.440035	1.791227	2.811326e-08
0.441163	1.791004	2.776949e-08
0.442295	1.790782	2.742483e-08
0.443429	1.790561	2.707929e-08
0.444566	1.790341	2.673287e-08
0.445705	1.790123	2.638556e-08
0.446848	1.789906	2.603735e-08
0.447994	1.789691	2.568826e-08
0.449143	1.789477	2.533827e-08
0.450294	1.789263	2.498738e-08
0.451449	1.789052	2.463559e-08
0.452606	1.788841	2.428290e-08
0.453767	1.788631	2.392930e-08
0.45493	1.788423	2.357480e-08
0.456097	1.788216	2.321939e-08
0.457266	1.78801	2.286307e-08
0.458438	1.787806	2.250584e-08
0.459614	1.787602	2.214769e-08
0.46	1.787536	2.203000e-08
0.460792	1.7874	2.176382e-08
0.461974	1.787199	2.136685e-08
0.463158	1.786999	2.096887e-08
0.464346	1.7868	2.056986e-08
0.465536	1.786602	2.016983e-08
0.46673	1.786406	1.976877e-08
0.467927	1.78621	1.936669e-08
0.469126	1.786016	1.896357e-08
0.470329	1.785822	1.855942e-08
0.471535	1.78563	1.815424e-08
0.472744	1.785439	1.774801e-08
0.473956	1.785249	1.734075e-08
0.475171	1.78506	1.693244e-08
0.47639	1.784872	1.652308e-08
0.477611	1.784685	1.611267e-08
0.478836	1.7845	1.570122e-08
0.48	1.784324	1.531000e-08
0.480063	1.784315	1.529937e-08
0.481294	1.784131	1.509289e-08
0.482528	1.783949	1.488588e-08
0.483765	1.783767	1.467834e-08
0.485006	1.783586	1.447027e-08
0.486249	1.783407	1.426167e-08
0.487496	1.783228	1.405253e-08
0.488746	1.783051	1.384286e-08
0.489999	1.782874	1.363264e-08
0.491255	1.782698	1.342189e-08
0.492515	1.782524	1.321060e-08
0.493778	1.78235	1.299877e-08
0.495044	1.782177	1.278639e-08
0.496313	1.782005	1.257347e-08
0.497586	1.781835	1.236000e-08
0.498861	1.781665	1.214599e-08
0.5	1.781514	1.195500e-08
0.500141	1.781496	1.194603e-08
0.501423	1.781328	1.186414e-08
0.502709	1.781161	1.178205e-08
0.503997	1.780994	1.169975e-08
0.50529	1.780829	1.161723e-08
0.506585	1.780665	1.153451e-08
0.507884	1.780501	1.145157e-08
0.509186	1.780339	1.136842e-08
0.510492	1.780177	1.128506e-08
0.511801	1.780016	1.120148e-08
0.513113	1.779856	1.111769e-08
0.514429	1.779697	1.103368e-08
0.515748	1.779539	1.094946e-08
0.51707	1.779382	1.086502e-08
0.518396	1.779225	1.078036e-08
0.519725	1.77907	1.069549e-08
0.521057	1.778915	1.061040e-08
0.522393	1.778761	1.052510e-08
0.523733	1.778608	1.043957e-08
0.525076	1.778455	1.035383e-08
0.526422	1.778304	1.026786e-08
0.527772	1.778153	1.018167e-08
0.529125	1.778003	1.009527e-08
0.530481	1.777854	1.000864e-08
0.531842	1.777706	9.921790e-09
0.533205	1.777558	9.834717e-09
0.534572	1.777412	9.747421e-09
0.535943	1.777266	9.659901e-09
0.537317	1.777121	9.572157e-09
0.538695	1.776976	9.484188e-09
0.540076	1.776833	9.395993e-09
0.541461	1.77669	9.307572e-09
0.542849	1.776548	9.218924e-09
0.544241	1.776406	9.130049e-09
0.545636	1.776266	9.040946e-09
0.547035	1.776126	8.951615e-09
0.548438	1.775987	8.862054e-09
0.549844	1.775848	8.772264e-09
0.55	1.775833	8.762300e-09
0.551254	1.775711	8.902284e-09
0.552667	1.775574	9.060095e-09
0.554084	1.775438	9.218311e-09
0.555505	1.775302	9.376933e-09
0.556929	1.775167	9.535961e-09
0.558357	1.775033	9.695398e-09
0.559789	1.7749	9.855242e-09
0.561224	1.774767	1.001550e-08
0.562663	1.774635	1.017616e-08
0.564106	1.774504	1.033724e-08
0.565552	1.774373	1.049873e-08
0.567002	1.774243	1.066064e-08
0.568456	1.774114	1.082296e-08
0.569913	1.773985	1.098569e-08
0.571374	1.773857	1.114884e-08
0.572839	1.77373	1.131242e-08
0.574308	1.773603	1.147641e-08
0.575781	1.773477	1.164082e-08
0.577257	1.773352	1.180565e-08
0.578737	1.773227	1.197091e-08
0.580221	1.773103	1.213659e-08
0.581709	1.772979	1.230269e-08
0.5832	1.772856	1.246922e-08
0.584695	1.772734	1.263618e-08
0.586195	1.772613	1.280356e-08
0.587697	1.772492	1.297138e-08
0.589204	1.772371	1.313962e-08
0.590715	1.772251	1.330830e-08
0.59223	1.772132	1.347740e-08
0.593748	1.772014	1.364695e-08
0.59527	1.771896	1.381692e-08
0.596797	1.771778	1.398733e-08
0.598327	1.771661	1.415818e-08
0.599861	1.771545	1.432947e-08
0.6	1.771535	1.434500e-08
0.601399	1.77143	1.437846e-08
0.602941	1.771315	1.441535e-08
0.604487	1.7712	1.445233e-08
0.606037	1.771086	1.448940e-08
0.607591	1.770973	1.452657e-08
0.609148	1.77086	1.456383e-08
0.61071	1.770748	1.460119e-08
0.612276	1.770636	1.463864e-08
0.613846	1.770525	1.467620e-08
0.61542	1.770414	1.471384e-08
0.616998	1.770304	1.475159e-08
0.61858	1.770195	1.478943e-08
0.620166	1.770086	1.482736e-08
0.621756	1.769977	1.486540e-08
0.62335	1.769869	1.490353e-08
0.624948	1.769762	1.494176e-08
0.626551	1.769655	1.498009e-08
0.628157	1.769549	1.501852e-08
0.629768	1.769443	1.505704e-08
0.631382	1.769337	1.509566e-08
0.633001	1.769233	1.513439e-08
0.634624	1.769128	1.517321e-08
0.636251	1.769024	1.521213e-08
0.637883	1.768921	1.525115e-08
0.639518	1.768818	1.529027e-08
0.641158	1.768716	1.532950e-08
0.642802	1.768614	1.536882e-08
0.64445	1.768513	1.540824e-08
0.646102	1.768412	1.544777e-08
0.647759	1.768311	1.548739e-08
0.64942	1.768211	1.552712e-08
0.65	1.768176	1.554100e-08
0.651085	1.768112	1.544578e-08
0.652754	1.768013	1.529925e-08
0.654428	1.767914	1.515233e-08
0.656106	1.767816	1.500505e-08
0.657788	1.767718	1.485738e-08
0.659474	1.767621	1.470933e-08
0.661165	1.767524	1.456091e-08
0.662861	1.767428	1.441210e-08
0.66456	1.767332	1.426292e-08
0.666264	1.767237	1.411335e-08
0.667972	1.767142	1.396340e-08
0.669685	1.767047	1.381306e-08
0.671402	1.766953	1.366234e-08
0.673123	1.76686	1.351123e-08
0.674849	1.766766	1.335973e-08
0.67658	1.766674	1.320784e-08
0.678314	1.766581	1.305557e-08
0.680053	1.766489	1.290291e-08
0.681797	1.766398	1.274985e-08
0.683545	1.766307	1.259640e-08
0.685298	1.766216	1.244256e-08
0.687055	1.766125	1.228832e-08
0.688816	1.766036	1.213369e-08
0.690583	1.765946	1.197866e-08
0.692353	1.765857	1.182324e-08
0.694128	1.765768	1.166741e-08
0.695908	1.76568	1.151119e-08
0.697692	1.765592	1.135456e-08
0.699481	1.765504	1.119754e-08
0.7	1.765479	1.115200e-08
0.701275	1.765417	1.117232e-08
0.703073	1.76533	1.120098e-08
0.704875	1.765244	1.122971e-08
0.706683	1.765158	1.125852e-08
0.708495	1.765072	1.128740e-08
0.710311	1.764987	1.131636e-08
0.712132	1.764902	1.134539e-08
0.713958	1.764817	1.137449e-08
0.715789	1.764733	1.140367e-08
0.717624	1.764649	1.143293e-08
0.719464	1.764566	1.146226e-08
0.721309	1.764483	1.149166e-08
0.723158	1.7644	1.152114e-08
0.725012	1.764318	1.155070e-08
0.726871	1.764235	1.158033e-08
0.728735	1.764154	1.161003e-08
0.730603	1.764072	1.163982e-08
0.732477	1.763991	1.166968e-08
0.734355	1.763911	1.169961e-08
0.736237	1.76383	1.172963e-08
0.738125	1.76375	1.175971e-08
0.740018	1.763671	1.178988e-08
0.741915	1.763591	1.182013e-08
0.743817	1.763512	1.185045e-08
0.745724	1.763433	1.188085e-08
0.747636	1.763355	1.191132e-08
0.749553	1.763277	1.194188e-08
0.75	1.763259	1.194900e-08
0.751475	1.763199	1.197250e-08
0.753402	1.763122	1.200320e-08
0.755334	1.763044	1.203398e-08
0.75727	1.762968	1.206484e-08
0.759212	1.762891	1.209578e-08
0.761159	1.762815	1.212679e-08
0.76311	1.762739	1.215789e-08
0.765067	1.762663	1.218906e-08
0.767028	1.762588	1.222032e-08
0.768995	1.762513	1.225165e-08
0.770967	1.762438	1.228307e-08
0.772943	1.762364	1.231456e-08
0.774925	1.76229	1.234614e-08
0.776912	1.762216	1.237780e-08
0.778904	1.762142	1.240954e-08
0.78	1.762102	1.242700e-08
0.780901	1.762069	1.244133e-08
0.782903	1.761996	1.247316e-08
0.784911	1.761923	1.250508e-08
0.786923	1.761851	1.253708e-08
0.788941	1.761778	1.256916e-08
0.790964	1.761706	1.260132e-08
0.792992	1.761635	1.263357e-08
0.795025	1.761563	1.266589e-08
0.797063	1.761492	1.269830e-08
0.799107	1.761421	1.273080e-08
0.8	1.761391	1.274500e-08
0.801156	1.761351	1.250858e-08
0.80321	1.76128	1.208839e-08
0.805269	1.76121	1.166712e-08
0.807334	1.761141	1.124477e-08
0.809404	1.761071	1.082133e-08
0.811479	1.761002	1.039681e-08
0.81356	1.760933	9.971202e-09
0.815646	1.760864	9.544502e-09
0.817737	1.760795	9.116708e-09
0.819834	1.760727	8.687817e-09
0.821936	1.760659	8.257826e-09
0.824043	1.760591	7.826733e-09
0.826156	1.760523	7.394535e-09
0.828274	1.760456	6.961228e-09
0.83	1.760401	6.608200e-09
0.830398	1.760388	6.611369e-09
0.832527	1.760322	6.628327e-09
0.834662	1.760255	6.645329e-09
0.836802	1.760188	6.662375e-09
0.838947	1.760122	6.679464e-09
0.841098	1.760056	6.696597e-09
0.843255	1.75999	6.713774e-09
0.845417	1.759925	6.730995e-09
0.847584	1.759859	6.748260e-09
0.849758	1.759794	6.765569e-09
0.85	1.759787	6.767500e-09
0.851936	1.759729	7.060682e-09
0.854121	1.759664	7.391413e-09
0.856311	1.7596	7.722991e-09
0.858506	1.759535	8.055420e-09
0.860707	1.759471	8.388701e-09
0.862914	1.759407	8.722836e-09
0.865127	1.759344	9.057828e-09
0.867345	1.75928	9.393679e-09
0.869569	1.759217	9.730391e-09
0.871798	1.759154	1.006797e-08
0.874033	1.759091	1.040641e-08
0.876274	1.759028	1.074572e-08
0.878521	1.758965	1.108590e-08
0.880774	1.758903	1.142695e-08
0.883032	1.758841	1.176887e-08
0.885296	1.758779	1.211167e-08
0.887566	1.758717	1.245536e-08
0.889842	1.758655	1.279992e-08
0.892123	1.758594	1.314536e-08
0.894411	1.758533	1.349169e-08
0.896704	1.758472	1.383891e-08
0.899003	1.758411	1.418702e-08
0.9	1.758384	1.433800e-08
0.901308	1.75835	1.435885e-08
0.903619	1.758289	1.439568e-08
0.905936	1.758229	1.443261e-08
0.908258	1.758169	1.446964e-08
0.910587	1.758109	1.450676e-08
0.912922	1.758049	1.454398e-08
0.915263	1.757989	1.458129e-08
0.917609	1.757929	1.461869e-08
0.919962	1.75787	1.465619e-08
0.922321	1.757811	1.469379e-08
0.924686	1.757751	1.473149e-08
0.927056	1.757692	1.476928e-08
0.929433	1.757634	1.480717e-08
0.931816	1.757575	1.484515e-08
0.934206	1.757516	1.488324e-08
0.936601	1.757458	1.492142e-08
0.939002	1.7574	1.495970e-08
0.94141	1.757342	1.499807e-08
0.943824	1.757284	1.503655e-08
0.946244	1.757226	1.507512e-08
0.94867	1.757168	1.511379e-08
0.95	1.757137	1.513500e-08
0.951102	1.757111	1.515254e-08
0.953541	1.757053	1.519137e-08
0.955985	1.756996	1.523029e-08
0.958437	1.756939	1.526931e-08
0.960894	1.756882	1.530843e-08
0.963358	1.756825	1.534765e-08
0.965828	1.756768	1.538698e-08
0.968304	1.756712	1.542640e-08
0.970787	1.756655	1.546592e-08
0.973276	1.756599	1.550555e-08
0.975771	1.756543	1.554528e-08
0.978273	1.756487	1.558511e-08
0.980781	1.756431	1.562504e-08
0.983296	1.756375	1.566507e-08
0.985817	1.756319	1.570521e-08
0.988345	1.756263	1.574545e-08
0.990879	1.756208	1.578579e-08
0.993419	1.756152	1.582624e-08
0.995967	1.756097	1.586679e-08
0.99852	1.756042	1.590744e-08
1	1.75601	1.593100e-08
1.00108	1.755987	1.594822e-08
1.00365	1.755932	1.598913e-08
1.00622	1.755877	1.603015e-08
1.0088	1.755822	1.607128e-08
1.01139	1.755767	1.611251e-08
1.01398	1.755712	1.615384e-08

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

MC-TAF1 (HOYA): all datasets

TaF (Tantalum flint)

MC-TAF1 n,k 0.365–1.014 µm default

About MC-TAF1 (HOYA)

HOYA Corporation is a global technology company based in Japan, known for its diverse range of products in the fields of healthcare and optics. In the optical industry, HOYA is particularly recognized for its high-quality optical glass and lens technologies. The company produces a wide array of optical products, from eyeglass lenses with advanced coatings to specialized glass materials used in cameras, telescopes, and other precision optical instruments. HOYA's expertise extends to various types of optical glass, including low-dispersion and high-refractive-index materials, which find applications in situations requiring exceptional optical clarity and performance. Beyond its contributions to optics, HOYA has also ventured into medical technologies, making it a multi-faceted company with a broad impact. With a commitment to innovation and quality, HOYA has earned a reputation as a leader in its field, consistently delivering products that set industry standards for performance and reliability. Their expansive portfolio and technological prowess make them a go-to provider for both consumer and industrial optical solutions.

More about MC-TAF1 (HOYA) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/specs/hoya/optical/MC-TAF1.yml
ID: ds_53fde1d790a4
API: /v1/datasets/ds_53fde1d790a4

Plot