Optical constants
Refractive index of Nb-Sn (Niobium-tin alloy)
Golovashkin et al. 1971: n,k 1–9 µm; 6 wt% Sn
- Data
- tabulated nk
- Range
- 1–9 µm
- Points
- 19
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 4.4
- Extinction coefficient k
- 12.4
- Permittivity ε1
- -134.4
- Permittivity ε2
- 109.12
- Absorption coefficient α
- 519410 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- 38.5052 nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- 1.3 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 0.5
- Group velocity dispersion
- — fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- — ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 0.413281 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Nb-Sn (Niobium-tin alloy): Golovashkin et al. 1971: n,k 1–9 µm; 6 wt% Sn
nb_sn = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("other", "Nb-Sn", "Golovashkin-06", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(nb_sn.range_nm) # (1000, 9000) nm
eps = nb_sn.eps([3000]) # complex permittivityDownloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_cadd97703d7b/lightsmith"
nb_sn = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(nb_sn.source) # citation and provenance travel with the dataAny dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (nb-sn/golovashkin-1971-06).
# ... load nb_sn as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=nb_sn)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=1000, stop_nm=9000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelengthSame spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Comments and conditions
References
Cite
A. I. Golovashkin, E. D. Donner, I. S. Levchenko, G. P. Motulevich. Optical properties and electronic characteristics of alloys of niobium with tin, Sov. Phys. JETP 32, 1064-1067 (1971); Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
19 rows as published| λ (µm) | n | k |
|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | 2.4 | 4.6 |
| 1.25 | 2.7 | 5.5 |
| 1.5 | 2.95 | 6.6 |
| 1.8 | 3.1 | 7.5 |
| 2.0 | 3.3 | 8.6 |
| 2.5 | 3.8 | 10.6 |
| 3.0 | 4.4 | 12.4 |
| 3.5 | 5.1 | 14.3 |
| 4.0 | 6.05 | 16.2 |
| 4.5 | 7.0 | 17.8 |
| 5.0 | 7.95 | 19.2 |
| 5.5 | 8.9 | 20.4 |
| 6.0 | 10.0 | 21.4 |
| 6.5 | 11.0 | 22.5 |
| 7.0 | 12.1 | 23.4 |
| 7.5 | 13.2 | 24.3 |
| 8.0 | 14.3 | 25.2 |
| 8.5 | 15.4 | 26.0 |
| 9.0 | 16.4 | 26.8 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
6 wt% Sn; room temperature.