Optical constants

Refractive index of C₆H₅NO₂ (Nitrobenzene)

Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm

Data: formula 1
Range: 0.4–2 µm
Temperature: 295 K
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.55076
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 2.40486
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 22.918
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.121804 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.62233
Group velocity dispersion: 243.52 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -1328.53 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# C6H5NO2 (Nitrobenzene): Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm
c6h5no2 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("organic", "nitrobenzene", "Chang", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c6h5no2.range_nm)  # (400, 2000) nm
eps = c6h5no2.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_dd18bd727e83/lightsmith"
c6h5no2 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(c6h5no2.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (nitrobenzene/chang-2024).

# ... load c6h5no2 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=c6h5no2)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_dd18bd727e83/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
c6h5no2_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (formula 1), λ in µm

n^{2} - 1 = \frac{1.302 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {0.159}^{2}}

Valid from 0.4 to 2.0 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.0
C2	1.302
C3	0.159

Comments and conditions

21.5–22.0 °C

Conditions

temperature: 295 K

References

H.-J. Chang, N. Munera, C. Lopez-Zelaya, D. Banerjee, G. Beadie, E. W. Van Stryland, D. J. Hagan. Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry. Opt. Mater. Express 14, 1253–1267 (2024)

doi:10.1364/ome.519907 Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry, Optical Materials Express (2024)

Cite

Hao-Jung Chang et al.. Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry. Optical Materials Express, 14, 1253 (2024), doi:10.1364/ome.519907; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

C6H5NO2 (Nitrobenzene), Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.4	1.595722
0.401617	1.594993
0.40324	1.594271
0.40487	1.593556
0.406506	1.59285
0.408149	1.59215
0.409799	1.591458
0.411455	1.590773
0.413118	1.590095
0.414788	1.589425
0.416465	1.588761
0.418148	1.588104
0.419838	1.587454
0.421535	1.586811
0.423239	1.586174
0.424949	1.585544
0.426667	1.58492
0.428391	1.584303
0.430123	1.583692
0.431861	1.583087
0.433607	1.582488
0.435359	1.581895
0.437119	1.581309
0.438886	1.580728
0.44066	1.580153
0.442441	1.579584
0.444229	1.579021
0.446024	1.578463
0.447827	1.577911
0.449637	1.577364
0.451455	1.576823
0.453279	1.576287
0.455111	1.575757
0.456951	1.575232
0.458798	1.574712
0.460652	1.574197
0.462514	1.573687
0.464383	1.573183
0.46626	1.572683
0.468145	1.572188
0.470037	1.571698
0.471937	1.571213
0.473844	1.570733
0.47576	1.570257
0.477683	1.569786
0.479613	1.569319
0.481552	1.568857
0.483498	1.5684
0.485452	1.567947
0.487414	1.567498
0.489385	1.567054
0.491363	1.566614
0.493349	1.566178
0.495343	1.565746
0.497345	1.565319
0.499355	1.564895
0.501373	1.564476
0.5034	1.564061
0.505434	1.563649
0.507477	1.563242
0.509528	1.562838
0.511588	1.562438
0.513655	1.562043
0.515732	1.56165
0.517816	1.561262
0.519909	1.560877
0.52201	1.560496
0.52412	1.560118
0.526239	1.559744
0.528366	1.559374
0.530501	1.559007
0.532645	1.558643
0.534798	1.558283
0.53696	1.557926
0.53913	1.557573
0.541309	1.557223
0.543497	1.556876
0.545694	1.556532
0.547899	1.556192
0.550114	1.555854
0.552337	1.55552
0.55457	1.555189
0.556811	1.554861
0.559062	1.554536
0.561321	1.554214
0.56359	1.553895
0.565868	1.553579
0.568155	1.553266
0.570452	1.552955
0.572757	1.552648
0.575072	1.552343
0.577397	1.552042
0.57973	1.551742
0.582073	1.551446
0.584426	1.551153
0.586788	1.550862
0.58916	1.550573
0.591541	1.550288
0.593932	1.550005
0.596333	1.549724
0.598743	1.549446
0.601163	1.549171
0.603593	1.548898
0.606032	1.548627
0.608482	1.548359
0.610941	1.548094
0.613411	1.547831
0.61589	1.54757
0.618379	1.547311
0.620879	1.547055
0.623388	1.546801
0.625908	1.54655
0.628438	1.546301
0.630978	1.546053
0.633528	1.545809
0.636088	1.545566
0.638659	1.545326
0.641241	1.545087
0.643833	1.544851
0.646435	1.544617
0.649048	1.544385
0.651671	1.544155
0.654305	1.543927
0.656949	1.543701
0.659605	1.543477
0.662271	1.543255
0.664948	1.543036
0.667635	1.542818
0.670334	1.542602
0.673043	1.542387
0.675763	1.542175
0.678495	1.541965
0.681237	1.541756
0.68399	1.54155
0.686755	1.541345
0.689531	1.541142
0.692318	1.540941
0.695116	1.540741
0.697925	1.540544
0.700746	1.540348
0.703579	1.540153
0.706422	1.539961
0.709278	1.53977
0.712144	1.539581
0.715023	1.539393
0.717913	1.539207
0.720814	1.539023
0.723728	1.53884
0.726653	1.538659
0.72959	1.53848
0.732539	1.538302
0.7355	1.538126
0.738472	1.537951
0.741457	1.537777
0.744454	1.537606
0.747463	1.537435
0.750484	1.537266
0.753517	1.537099
0.756563	1.536933
0.759621	1.536769
0.762691	1.536606
0.765774	1.536444
0.768869	1.536284
0.771977	1.536125
0.775097	1.535967
0.77823	1.535811
0.781375	1.535656
0.784533	1.535503
0.787704	1.535351
0.790888	1.5352
0.794085	1.535051
0.797294	1.534902
0.800517	1.534755
0.803752	1.53461
0.807001	1.534465
0.810263	1.534322
0.813538	1.53418
0.816826	1.534039
0.820127	1.5339
0.823442	1.533762
0.82677	1.533624
0.830112	1.533488
0.833467	1.533354
0.836836	1.53322
0.840218	1.533087
0.843614	1.532956
0.847024	1.532826
0.850447	1.532697
0.853885	1.532569
0.857336	1.532442
0.860801	1.532316
0.86428	1.532191
0.867774	1.532067
0.871281	1.531944
0.874803	1.531823
0.878338	1.531702
0.881888	1.531583
0.885453	1.531464
0.889032	1.531346
0.892625	1.53123
0.896233	1.531114
0.899855	1.531
0.903492	1.530886
0.907144	1.530773
0.910811	1.530662
0.914492	1.530551
0.918188	1.530441
0.921899	1.530332
0.925626	1.530224
0.929367	1.530117
0.933123	1.530011
0.936895	1.529906
0.940681	1.529801
0.944483	1.529698
0.948301	1.529595
0.952134	1.529493
0.955982	1.529393
0.959846	1.529292
0.963726	1.529193
0.967621	1.529095
0.971532	1.528997
0.975458	1.528901
0.979401	1.528805
0.98336	1.52871
0.987334	1.528615
0.991325	1.528522
0.995332	1.528429
0.999355	1.528337
1.00339	1.528246
1.00745	1.528156
1.01152	1.528066
1.01561	1.527977
1.01971	1.527889
1.02384	1.527801
1.02797	1.527715
1.03213	1.527629
1.0363	1.527543
1.04049	1.527459
1.04469	1.527375
1.04892	1.527292
1.05316	1.52721
1.05741	1.527128
1.06169	1.527047
1.06598	1.526966
1.07029	1.526887
1.07461	1.526808
1.07896	1.526729
1.08332	1.526652
1.0877	1.526574
1.09209	1.526498
1.09651	1.526422
1.10094	1.526347
1.10539	1.526273
1.10986	1.526199
1.11434	1.526125
1.11885	1.526053
1.12337	1.52598
1.12791	1.525909
1.13247	1.525838
1.13704	1.525768
1.14164	1.525698
1.14625	1.525629
1.15089	1.52556
1.15554	1.525492
1.16021	1.525425
1.1649	1.525358
1.16961	1.525292
1.17433	1.525226
1.17908	1.525161
1.18385	1.525096
1.18863	1.525032
1.19344	1.524968
1.19826	1.524905
1.2031	1.524843
1.20797	1.52478
1.21285	1.524719
1.21775	1.524658
1.22267	1.524597
1.22761	1.524537
1.23258	1.524478
1.23756	1.524419
1.24256	1.52436
1.24758	1.524302
1.25262	1.524245
1.25769	1.524187
1.26277	1.524131
1.26787	1.524075
1.273	1.524019
1.27814	1.523964
1.28331	1.523909
1.2885	1.523855
1.2937	1.523801
1.29893	1.523747
1.30418	1.523694
1.30945	1.523642
1.31475	1.52359
1.32006	1.523538
1.3254	1.523487
1.33075	1.523436
1.33613	1.523385
1.34153	1.523335
1.34696	1.523286
1.3524	1.523236
1.35787	1.523188
1.36335	1.523139
1.36886	1.523091
1.3744	1.523044
1.37995	1.522996
1.38553	1.52295
1.39113	1.522903
1.39675	1.522857
1.4024	1.522811
1.40807	1.522766
1.41376	1.522721
1.41947	1.522677
1.42521	1.522632
1.43097	1.522588
1.43675	1.522545
1.44256	1.522502
1.44839	1.522459
1.45424	1.522417
1.46012	1.522375
1.46602	1.522333
1.47195	1.522292
1.4779	1.52225
1.48387	1.52221
1.48987	1.522169
1.49589	1.522129
1.50194	1.52209
1.50801	1.52205
1.5141	1.522011
1.52022	1.521972
1.52637	1.521934
1.53254	1.521896
1.53873	1.521858
1.54495	1.521821
1.55119	1.521783
1.55746	1.521747
1.56376	1.52171
1.57008	1.521674
1.57643	1.521638
1.5828	1.521602
1.58919	1.521567
1.59562	1.521532
1.60207	1.521497
1.60854	1.521462
1.61504	1.521428
1.62157	1.521394
1.62813	1.52136
1.63471	1.521327
1.64131	1.521294
1.64795	1.521261
1.65461	1.521228
1.6613	1.521196
1.66801	1.521164
1.67475	1.521132
1.68152	1.5211
1.68832	1.521069
1.69514	1.521038
1.70199	1.521007
1.70887	1.520977
1.71578	1.520946
1.72271	1.520916
1.72968	1.520887
1.73667	1.520857
1.74369	1.520828
1.75074	1.520799
1.75781	1.52077
1.76492	1.520741
1.77205	1.520713
1.77921	1.520685
1.7864	1.520657
1.79362	1.520629
1.80087	1.520602
1.80815	1.520574
1.81546	1.520547
1.8228	1.520521
1.83017	1.520494
1.83756	1.520468
1.84499	1.520441
1.85245	1.520416
1.85993	1.52039
1.86745	1.520364
1.875	1.520339
1.88258	1.520314
1.89019	1.520289
1.89783	1.520264
1.9055	1.52024
1.9132	1.520215
1.92093	1.520191
1.9287	1.520167
1.93649	1.520144
1.94432	1.52012
1.95218	1.520097
1.96007	1.520074
1.96799	1.520051
1.97594	1.520028
1.98393	1.520006
1.99195	1.519983
2	1.519961

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

C₆H₅NO₂ (Nitrobenzene): all datasets

About C6H5NO2 (Nitrobenzene)

Nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂) is an organic compound characterized by a benzene ring with a nitro group (-NO₂) attached. It appears as a pale-yellow oily liquid with an almond-like odor. Widely used as a precursor to aniline, nitrobenzene serves as a stepping stone in the synthesis of various dyes, drugs, pesticides, and plastics. In the realm of optics, its specific properties may render it suitable for certain applications. Direct exposure can be hazardous as nitrobenzene is toxic and its vapors can be harmful when inhaled. Proper care should be exercised during its handling and storage.

More about C6H5NO2 (Nitrobenzene) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/organic/C6H5NO2 - nitrobenzene/nk/Chang.yml
ID: ds_dd18bd727e83
API: /v1/datasets/ds_dd18bd727e83

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