Optical constants

Refractive index of (C₆H₉NO)_n (Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP)

König et al. 2014: n,k 0.375–1.0 µm

Data: formula 5 + tabulated nk
Range: 0.375–1 µm
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.52744
Extinction coefficient k: 0.00207392

Permittivity ε₁: 2.33306
Permittivity ε₂: 0.00633556

Absorption coefficient α: 443.527 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 45093.1 nm

Abbe number V_d: 45.159
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0564862 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.56063
Group velocity dispersion: 139.052 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -758.605 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# (C6H9NO)n (Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP): König et al. 2014: n,k 0.375–1.0 µm
mat = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("organic", "polyvinylpyrrolidone", "Konig", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(mat.range_nm)  # (375, 1000) nm
eps = mat.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_aed184c27f3f/lightsmith"
mat = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(mat.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (polyvinylpyrrolidone/konig-2014).

# ... load mat as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=mat)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Cauchy (formula 5), λ in µm

n = 1.5151 + 0.00279 λ^{- 2.0} + 0.00050756 λ^{- 4.0}

Valid from 0.375 to 1.0 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	1.5151
C2	0.00279
C3	-2.0
C4	0.00050756
C5	-4.0

Comments and conditions

Optical constants of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)

References

T. A. F. König, P. A. Ledin, J. Kerszulis, M. A. Mahmoud, M. A. El-Sayed, J. R. Reynolds, V. V. Tsukruk. Electrically tunable plasmonic behavior of nanocube-polymer nanomaterials induced by a redox-active electrochromic polymer. ACS Nano 8, 6182-6192 (2014) (Numerical data kindly provided by Tobias König)

doi:10.1021/nn501601e Electrically Tunable Plasmonic Behavior of Nanocube–Polymer Nanomaterials Induced by a Redox-Active Electrochromic Polymer, ACS Nano (2014)

Cite

Tobias A. F. König et al.. Electrically Tunable Plasmonic Behavior of Nanocube–Polymer Nanomaterials Induced by a Redox-Active Electrochromic Polymer. ACS Nano, 8, 6182-6192 (2014), doi:10.1021/nn501601e; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 424 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

(C6H9NO)n (Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP), König et al. 2014: n,k 0.375–1.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.375	1.560606	0.004554368
0.375923	1.560258	0.004532977
0.376848	1.559912	0.004511533
0.377776	1.55957	0.004490037
0.378706	1.55923	0.004468488
0.379638	1.558893	0.004446886
0.380572	1.558559	0.00442523
0.381509	1.558228	0.004403522
0.382448	1.557899	0.00438176
0.383389	1.557574	0.004359944
0.384333	1.557251	0.004338074
0.385278	1.556931	0.004316151
0.386227	1.556613	0.004294174
0.387177	1.556298	0.004272143
0.38813	1.555986	0.004250057
0.389086	1.555676	0.004227918
0.390043	1.555369	0.004205723
0.391003	1.555065	0.004183474
0.391966	1.554763	0.004161171
0.39293	1.554463	0.004138812
0.393897	1.554166	0.004116398
0.394867	1.553872	0.00409393
0.395839	1.55358	0.004071405
0.396813	1.55329	0.004048826
0.39779	1.553003	0.004026191
0.398769	1.552718	0.0040035
0.39975	1.552435	0.003980753
0.4	1.552364	0.003974963
0.400734	1.552155	0.003961759
0.40172	1.551878	0.003944017
0.402709	1.551602	0.003926231
0.4037	1.551329	0.003908402
0.404694	1.551058	0.003890528
0.40569	1.550789	0.003872611
0.406688	1.550523	0.00385465
0.407689	1.550259	0.003836644
0.408693	1.549996	0.003818594
0.409699	1.549736	0.0038005
0.410707	1.549479	0.003782361
0.411718	1.549223	0.003764177
0.412731	1.548969	0.003745949
0.413747	1.548718	0.003727676
0.414765	1.548469	0.003709358
0.415786	1.548221	0.003690994
0.41681	1.547976	0.003672586
0.417835	1.547733	0.003654132
0.418864	1.547491	0.003635633
0.419895	1.547252	0.003617089
0.420928	1.547015	0.003598498
0.421964	1.546779	0.003579862
0.423003	1.546546	0.00356118
0.424044	1.546314	0.003542452
0.425	1.546104	0.003525253
0.425088	1.546084	0.003524004
0.426134	1.545857	0.00350907
0.427183	1.545631	0.003494099
0.428234	1.545406	0.003479092
0.429288	1.545184	0.003464047
0.430345	1.544964	0.003448966
0.431404	1.544745	0.003433847
0.432466	1.544528	0.003418692
0.43353	1.544313	0.003403499
0.434597	1.5441	0.003388268
0.435667	1.543888	0.003373
0.436739	1.543678	0.003357695
0.437814	1.54347	0.003342352
0.438891	1.543263	0.003326971
0.439972	1.543058	0.003311552
0.441055	1.542855	0.003296095
0.44214	1.542654	0.0032806
0.443228	1.542454	0.003265068
0.444319	1.542255	0.003249496
0.445413	1.542058	0.003233887
0.446509	1.541863	0.003218239
0.447608	1.54167	0.003202553
0.44871	1.541478	0.003186828
0.449814	1.541287	0.003171064
0.45	1.541255	0.003168409
0.450921	1.541098	0.003157778
0.452031	1.540911	0.003144968
0.453144	1.540725	0.003132127
0.454259	1.540541	0.003119254
0.455377	1.540358	0.003106349
0.456498	1.540176	0.003093413
0.457621	1.539996	0.003080445
0.458748	1.539818	0.003067445
0.459877	1.53964	0.003054413
0.461008	1.539465	0.003041349
0.462143	1.53929	0.003028253
0.463281	1.539117	0.003015124
0.464421	1.538946	0.003001964
0.465564	1.538776	0.00298877
0.46671	1.538607	0.002975545
0.467858	1.538439	0.002962287
0.46901	1.538273	0.002948996
0.470164	1.538108	0.002935672
0.471321	1.537945	0.002922316
0.472481	1.537783	0.002908927
0.473644	1.537622	0.002895504
0.47481	1.537462	0.002882049
0.475	1.537436	0.002879858
0.475979	1.537303	0.002870573
0.47715	1.537146	0.00285946
0.478325	1.53699	0.002848319
0.479502	1.536836	0.002837151
0.480682	1.536682	0.002825956
0.481865	1.53653	0.002814733
0.483051	1.536379	0.002803482
0.48424	1.536229	0.002792204
0.485432	1.53608	0.002780898
0.486627	1.535933	0.002769564
0.487824	1.535787	0.002758202
0.489025	1.535641	0.002746812
0.490229	1.535497	0.002735394
0.491435	1.535354	0.002723948
0.492645	1.535213	0.002712474
0.493857	1.535072	0.002700972
0.495073	1.534932	0.002689441
0.496291	1.534794	0.002677882
0.497513	1.534656	0.002666295
0.498737	1.53452	0.002654679
0.499965	1.534385	0.002643034
0.5	1.534381	0.0026427
0.501195	1.534251	0.002633248
0.502429	1.534117	0.002623493
0.503665	1.533985	0.002613714
0.504905	1.533854	0.002603911
0.506148	1.533724	0.002594084
0.507394	1.533595	0.002584233
0.508642	1.533467	0.002574357
0.509894	1.53334	0.002564457
0.511149	1.533214	0.002554533
0.512407	1.533089	0.002544584
0.513668	1.532964	0.002534611
0.514933	1.532841	0.002524613
0.5162	1.532719	0.002514591
0.517471	1.532598	0.002504544
0.518744	1.532477	0.002494473
0.520021	1.532358	0.002484376
0.521301	1.532239	0.002474255
0.522584	1.532122	0.002464109
0.52387	1.532005	0.002453937
0.525	1.531904	0.002445002
0.525159	1.531889	0.002443938
0.526452	1.531774	0.002435311
0.527748	1.53166	0.002426662
0.529047	1.531547	0.002417993
0.530349	1.531435	0.002409302
0.531654	1.531324	0.00240059
0.532963	1.531213	0.002391856
0.534274	1.531103	0.002383101
0.535589	1.530994	0.002374324
0.536908	1.530886	0.002365526
0.538229	1.530779	0.002356706
0.539554	1.530673	0.002347864
0.540882	1.530567	0.002339
0.542213	1.530462	0.002330115
0.543547	1.530358	0.002321208
0.544885	1.530255	0.002312279
0.546226	1.530153	0.002303328
0.547571	1.530051	0.002294354
0.548918	1.52995	0.002285359
0.55	1.52987	0.002278141
0.550269	1.52985	0.002276606
0.551624	1.529751	0.002268892
0.552982	1.529652	0.00226116
0.554343	1.529554	0.002253408
0.555707	1.529457	0.002245637
0.557075	1.529361	0.002237847
0.558446	1.529265	0.002230038
0.55982	1.52917	0.00222221
0.561198	1.529076	0.002214363
0.562579	1.528982	0.002206496
0.563964	1.528889	0.00219861
0.565352	1.528797	0.002190704
0.566743	1.528706	0.002182779
0.568138	1.528615	0.002174834
0.569537	1.528525	0.00216687
0.570938	1.528436	0.002158886
0.572344	1.528347	0.002150883
0.573752	1.528259	0.00214286
0.575	1.528182	0.002135754
0.575164	1.528172	0.002134947
0.57658	1.528085	0.002128
0.577999	1.527999	0.002121035
0.579422	1.527913	0.002114054
0.580848	1.527829	0.002107055
0.582278	1.527744	0.002100039
0.583711	1.527661	0.002093006
0.585147	1.527578	0.002085956
0.586587	1.527495	0.002078888
0.588031	1.527414	0.002071802
0.589479	1.527333	0.0020647
0.590929	1.527252	0.00205758
0.592384	1.527172	0.002050442
0.593842	1.527093	0.002043287
0.595303	1.527014	0.002036114
0.596769	1.526936	0.002028923
0.598237	1.526858	0.002021715
0.59971	1.526781	0.002014489
0.6	1.526766	0.002013065
0.601186	1.526705	0.002008007
0.602665	1.526629	0.002001695
0.604149	1.526554	0.001995368
0.605636	1.526479	0.001989025
0.607126	1.526405	0.001982667
0.608621	1.526331	0.001976293
0.610119	1.526258	0.001969903
0.61162	1.526185	0.001963498
0.613126	1.526113	0.001957076
0.614635	1.526042	0.001950639
0.616147	1.525971	0.001944187
0.617664	1.5259	0.001937718
0.619184	1.52583	0.001931233
0.620708	1.525761	0.001924733
0.622236	1.525692	0.001918216
0.623767	1.525623	0.001911683
0.625	1.525569	0.001906425
0.625302	1.525555	0.001905295
0.626842	1.525488	0.001899544
0.628384	1.525421	0.001893779
0.629931	1.525354	0.001888
0.631481	1.525288	0.001882207
0.633036	1.525223	0.001876399
0.634594	1.525158	0.001870577
0.636156	1.525093	0.001864741
0.637721	1.525029	0.00185889
0.639291	1.524965	0.001853025
0.640864	1.524902	0.001847146
0.642442	1.524839	0.001841252
0.644023	1.524777	0.001835344
0.645608	1.524715	0.001829421
0.647197	1.524654	0.001823483
0.64879	1.524593	0.001817531
0.65	1.524547	0.001813009
0.650387	1.524532	0.001811735
0.651987	1.524472	0.001806458
0.653592	1.524413	0.001801168
0.655201	1.524353	0.001795866
0.656813	1.524294	0.00179055
0.65843	1.524236	0.001785221
0.66005	1.524178	0.001779879
0.661675	1.524121	0.001774524
0.663304	1.524063	0.001769155
0.664936	1.524007	0.001763774
0.666573	1.52395	0.001758379
0.668213	1.523894	0.001752971
0.669858	1.523839	0.00174755
0.671507	1.523784	0.001742115
0.673159	1.523729	0.001736667
0.674816	1.523674	0.001731206
0.675	1.523668	0.001730599
0.676477	1.52362	0.001726277
0.678142	1.523567	0.001721404
0.679811	1.523514	0.001716519
0.681484	1.523461	0.001711623
0.683162	1.523408	0.001706714
0.684843	1.523356	0.001701793
0.686529	1.523304	0.00169686
0.688218	1.523253	0.001691915
0.689912	1.523202	0.001686957
0.69161	1.523151	0.001681988
0.693312	1.523101	0.001677006
0.695019	1.523051	0.001672012
0.696729	1.523001	0.001667006
0.698444	1.522952	0.001661987
0.7	1.522908	0.001657434
0.700163	1.522903	0.001657007
0.701887	1.522855	0.001652504
0.703614	1.522806	0.001647989
0.705346	1.522758	0.001643463
0.707082	1.522711	0.001638926
0.708822	1.522664	0.001634378
0.710567	1.522617	0.001629818
0.712316	1.52257	0.001625248
0.714069	1.522524	0.001620666
0.715826	1.522478	0.001616073
0.717588	1.522432	0.001611468
0.719354	1.522387	0.001606853
0.721125	1.522342	0.001602225
0.7229	1.522297	0.001597587
0.724679	1.522253	0.001592937
0.725	1.522245	0.001592098
0.726462	1.522209	0.001588666
0.72825	1.522165	0.001584471
0.730043	1.522122	0.001580266
0.73184	1.522079	0.00157605
0.733641	1.522036	0.001571824
0.735447	1.521993	0.001567588
0.737257	1.521951	0.001563341
0.739071	1.521909	0.001559084
0.74089	1.521867	0.001554816
0.742714	1.521826	0.001550538
0.744542	1.521785	0.001546249
0.746374	1.521744	0.001541949
0.748211	1.521703	0.00153764
0.75	1.521664	0.001533443
0.750053	1.521663	0.001533331
0.751899	1.521623	0.001529424
0.75375	1.521583	0.001525507
0.755605	1.521544	0.001521581
0.757464	1.521505	0.001517644
0.759329	1.521466	0.001513699
0.761198	1.521427	0.001509743
0.763071	1.521389	0.001505778
0.764949	1.52135	0.001501803
0.766832	1.521313	0.001497818
0.768719	1.521275	0.001493823
0.770611	1.521238	0.001489819
0.772508	1.5212	0.001485805
0.774409	1.521164	0.001481781
0.775	1.521152	0.00148053
0.776315	1.521127	0.001478008
0.778226	1.521091	0.001474343
0.780141	1.521054	0.00147067
0.782062	1.521018	0.001466987
0.783986	1.520983	0.001463296
0.785916	1.520947	0.001459595
0.78785	1.520912	0.001455885
0.789789	1.520877	0.001452166
0.791733	1.520843	0.001448438
0.793682	1.520808	0.001444701
0.795635	1.520774	0.001440955
0.797594	1.52074	0.001437199
0.799557	1.520706	0.001433434
0.8	1.520699	0.001432584
0.801525	1.520673	0.001429924
0.803497	1.520639	0.001426481
0.805475	1.520606	0.00142303
0.807457	1.520573	0.001419571
0.809445	1.520541	0.001416103
0.811437	1.520508	0.001412627
0.813434	1.520476	0.001409141
0.815436	1.520444	0.001405648
0.817443	1.520412	0.001402146
0.819455	1.52038	0.001398635
0.821472	1.520349	0.001395115
0.823494	1.520318	0.001391587
0.825	1.520295	0.001388959
0.825521	1.520287	0.001388129
0.827552	1.520256	0.001384891
0.829589	1.520226	0.001381645
0.831631	1.520195	0.00137839
0.833678	1.520165	0.001375128
0.83573	1.520135	0.001371858
0.837787	1.520105	0.00136858
0.839849	1.520076	0.001365293
0.841916	1.520046	0.001361999
0.843988	1.520017	0.001358696
0.846065	1.519988	0.001355386
0.848148	1.519959	0.001352067
0.85	1.519934	0.001349114
0.850235	1.519931	0.001348771
0.852328	1.519902	0.001345714
0.854425	1.519874	0.00134265
0.856528	1.519846	0.001339578
0.858637	1.519818	0.001336498
0.86075	1.51979	0.001333411
0.862868	1.519763	0.001330316
0.864992	1.519736	0.001327214
0.867121	1.519708	0.001324104
0.869255	1.519681	0.001320986
0.871395	1.519655	0.001317861
0.873539	1.519628	0.001314728
0.875	1.51961	0.001312594
0.875689	1.519601	0.001311668
0.877845	1.519575	0.001308773
0.880005	1.519549	0.00130587
0.882171	1.519523	0.001302961
0.884342	1.519497	0.001300044
0.886519	1.519472	0.00129712
0.888701	1.519446	0.001294189
0.890888	1.519421	0.001291251
0.893081	1.519396	0.001288305
0.895279	1.519371	0.001285353
0.897483	1.519346	0.001282393
0.899691	1.519321	0.001279425
0.9	1.519318	0.001279011
0.901906	1.519297	0.001276649
0.904126	1.519273	0.001273899
0.906351	1.519248	0.001271142
0.908582	1.519224	0.001268378
0.910818	1.519201	0.001265607
0.91306	1.519177	0.001262829
0.915307	1.519153	0.001260045
0.91756	1.51913	0.001257253
0.919818	1.519107	0.001254455
0.922082	1.519084	0.00125165
0.924351	1.519061	0.001248838
0.925	1.519054	0.001248034
0.926626	1.519038	0.00124617
0.928907	1.519015	0.001243556
0.931193	1.518993	0.001240936
0.933485	1.51897	0.001238309
0.935783	1.518948	0.001235675
0.938086	1.518926	0.001233036
0.940395	1.518904	0.001230389
0.942709	1.518882	0.001227736
0.94503	1.51886	0.001225077
0.947356	1.518839	0.001222411
0.949687	1.518817	0.001219739
0.95	1.518815	0.00121938
0.952025	1.518796	0.001217228
0.954368	1.518775	0.001214737
0.956717	1.518754	0.00121224
0.959071	1.518733	0.001209737
0.961432	1.518712	0.001207227
0.963798	1.518692	0.001204712
0.96617	1.518671	0.00120219
0.968548	1.518651	0.001199662
0.970932	1.518631	0.001197128
0.973322	1.518611	0.001194588
0.975	1.518597	0.001192804
0.975717	1.518591	0.001192095
0.978119	1.518571	0.001189721
0.980526	1.518551	0.001187342
0.98294	1.518531	0.001184956
0.985359	1.518512	0.001182565
0.987784	1.518493	0.001180168
0.990215	1.518473	0.001177765
0.992652	1.518454	0.001175356
0.995096	1.518435	0.001172941
0.997545	1.518416	0.00117052
1	1.518398	0.001168093

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

(C₆H₉NO)_n (Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP): all datasets

König et al. 2014: n,k 0.375–1.0 µm n,k 0.375–1 µm default

About (C6H9NO)n (Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP)

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, (C₆H₉NO)_n) is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. This polymer has found its way into a myriad of applications due to its unique properties such as excellent solubility in water and many organic solvents, capability to form films, and adhesive qualities. In the pharmaceutical industry, PVP is employed as a binder in tablet formulations, and in cosmetics, it's often used as a stabilizer and emulsifier. In the optics realm, PVP solutions can be used for spin coating to form thin films. Additionally, its hygroscopic nature allows it to be employed as a moisture-absorbing agent in many products. One notable property of PVP is its capability to form complexes with various compounds, enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, leading to its common use in the pharmaceutical sector.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone - Wikipedia

More about (C6H9NO)n (Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) →

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Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/organic/(C6H9NO)n - polyvinylpyrrolidone/nk/Konig.yml
ID: ds_aed184c27f3f
API: /v1/datasets/ds_aed184c27f3f

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