Optical constants

Refractive index of Ru (Ruthenium)

Windt et al. 1988: n,k 0.0024–0.122 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.00236–0.1216 µm
Points: 36
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 0.815237
Extinction coefficient k: 0.117506

Permittivity ε₁: 0.650804
Permittivity ε₂: 0.19159

Absorption coefficient α: 873741 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 22.8901 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -25.9889 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.25445
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 73.3634 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Ru (Ruthenium): Windt et al. 1988: n,k 0.0024–0.122 µm
ru = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Ru", "Windt", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(ru.range_nm)  # (2.36, 121.57) nm
eps = ru.eps([16.9])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_ec667e0c66e5/lightsmith"
ru = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(ru.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (ru/windt-1988).

# ... load ru as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=ru)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=3, stop_nm=121, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

References

D. L. Windt, W. C. Cash, M. Scott, P. Arendt, B. Newnam, R. F. Fisher, A. B. Swartzlander. Optical constants for thin films of Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Os, Pt, and Au from 24 Å to 1216 Å. Appl. Opt. 27, 246-278 (1988)

doi:10.1364/ao.27.000246 Optical constants for thin films of Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Os, Pt, and Au from 24 Å to 1216 Å, Applied Optics (1988)

Cite

David L. Windt et al.. Optical constants for thin films of Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Os, Pt, and Au from 24 Å to 1216 Å. Applied Optics, 27, 246 (1988), doi:10.1364/ao.27.000246; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

36 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Ru (Ruthenium), Windt et al. 1988: n,k 0.0024–0.122 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.00236	0.99668	0.00353
0.00316	0.99698	0.00254
0.00447	0.99546	0.00157
0.00676	0.984	0.00264
0.0114	0.9417	0.00543
0.01355	0.9023	0.0129
0.01714	0.809	0.125
0.0243	0.87	0.216
0.02563	0.888	0.221
0.03038	0.858	0.14
0.0327	0.805	0.179
0.03568	0.745	0.216
0.03793	0.714	0.292
0.04059	0.681	0.346
0.04478	0.696	0.511
0.04607	0.679	0.553
0.04895	0.739	0.583
0.05391	0.782	0.73
0.05843	0.839	0.831
0.06163	0.93	0.895
0.06714	1.19	0.96
0.07185	1.13	0.831
0.07359	1.21	0.866
0.07437	1.19	0.843
0.08345	1.25	0.772
0.0878	1.23	0.772
0.09198	1.24	0.745
0.09321	1.29	0.727
0.09888	1.26	0.694
0.10258	1.19	0.634
0.10482	1.14	0.637
0.10667	1.14	0.616
0.10857	1.02	0.564
0.1135	1.05	0.574
0.12007	0.983	0.589
0.12157	0.906	0.59

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Ru (Ruthenium): all datasets

Windt et al. 1988: n,k 0.0024–0.122 µm n,k 0.00236–0.1216 µm default

About Ru (Ruthenium)

Ruthenium (Ru) is a rare transition metal that belongs to the platinum group of the periodic table. Exhibiting a shiny, silvery appearance, ruthenium is known for its impressive hardness and resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures. In the electronics industry, ruthenium is utilized as a crucial component for some types of resistors and capacitors. Additionally, its catalytic properties make it valuable in the chemical industry, especially for catalyzing the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Ruthenium oxide is used in supercapacitors due to its high charge storage capacity. Moreover, in the realm of jewelry, ruthenium is often alloyed with platinum and palladium to enhance their hardness and wear resistance. Recently, ruthenium-based compounds have also been explored for potential applications in cancer therapy and solar energy conversion.

More about Ru (Ruthenium) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/Ru/nk/Windt.yml
ID: ds_ec667e0c66e5
API: /v1/datasets/ds_ec667e0c66e5

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