Optical constants

Refractive index of Sc (Scandium)

Larruquert et al. 2004: n,k 0.00124–0.190 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.00124–0.1898 µm
Points: 373
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 0.96731
Extinction coefficient k: 0.00822369

Permittivity ε₁: 0.935621
Permittivity ε₂: 0.0159097

Absorption coefficient α: 67543.7 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 296.104 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -5.28422 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.04816
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 81.0354 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Sc (Scandium): Larruquert et al. 2004: n,k 0.00124–0.190 µm
sc = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Sc", "Larruquert", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(sc.range_nm)  # (1.23984, 189.782) nm
eps = sc.eps([15.3])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_9d6d0735d296/lightsmith"
sc = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(sc.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (sc/larruquert-2004).

# ... load sc as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=sc)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=2, stop_nm=189, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Density: 2.84 g/cm³. Film deposited at room temperature.

References

1) J. I. Larruquert, J. A. Aznárez, J. A. Méndez, A. M. Malvezzi, L. Poletto, S. Covini. Optical properties of scandium films in the far and the extreme ultraviolet. Appl. Opt. 43, 3271-3278 (2004)
2) M. Fernández-Perea, J. I. Larruquert, J. A. Aznárez, J. A. Méndez, L. Poletto, A. M. Malvezzi, A. Giglia, S. Nannarone. Determination of optical constants of scandium films in the 20-1000 eV range. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23, 2880-2887 (2006) (Numerical data kindly provided by Juan Larruquert)

doi:10.1364/ao.43.003271 Optical properties of scandium films in the far and the extreme ultraviolet, Applied Optics (2004)
doi:10.1364/josaa.23.002880 Determination of optical constants of scandium films in the 20-1000 eV range, Journal of the Optical Society of America A (2006)

Cite

Juan I. Larruquert et al.. Optical properties of scandium films in the far and the extreme ultraviolet. Applied Optics, 43, 3271 (2004), doi:10.1364/ao.43.003271; Mónica Fernández-Perea et al.. Determination of optical constants of scandium films in the 20-1000 eV range. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 23, 2880 (2006), doi:10.1364/josaa.23.002880; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

373 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Sc (Scandium), Larruquert et al. 2004: n,k 0.00124–0.190 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.001239842	0.99947778	0.0001487
0.001252366	0.99947003	0.000153633
0.001265145	0.99946013	0.000157867
0.001278187	0.99944962	0.000163833
0.001291502	0.99943911	0.000169233
0.001305097	0.99942781	0.000175
0.001318981	0.99941636	0.000181667
0.001333163	0.99940449	0.000187867
0.001347654	0.99939219	0.0001953
0.001362464	0.99937984	0.0002026
0.001377602	0.999367	0.000210433
0.001393081	0.99935399	0.0002185
0.001408911	0.99934017	0.0002271
0.001425106	0.99932604	0.000236567
0.001441677	0.99931177	0.000246533
0.001458637	0.99929731	0.000257033
0.001476002	0.99928261	0.000267967
0.001493785	0.99926812	0.000279667
0.001512002	0.99925292	0.000290167
0.001530669	0.99923652	0.000302133
0.001549802	0.9992198	0.000314533
0.00156942	0.99920137	0.0003277
0.001589541	0.99918335	0.0003444
0.001610184	0.99916558	0.0003596
0.001631371	0.99914711	0.000377267
0.001653122	0.99912952	0.0003956
0.001675462	0.99911072	0.000412767
0.001698414	0.9990915	0.000433833
0.001722003	0.99907366	0.000454433
0.001746256	0.99905299	0.000472967
0.001771203	0.99903131	0.000498467
0.001796872	0.99901203	0.0005239
0.001823297	0.99899234	0.000549667
0.00185051	0.99897199	0.000576933
0.001878548	0.9989523	0.000606767
0.001907449	0.99893345	0.000636367
0.001937253	0.99891203	0.000665033
0.001968003	0.99888797	0.000699375
0.001999745	0.99886508	0.000739825
0.002032528	0.99884904	0.00078715
0.002066403	0.99884185	0.000829975
0.002101427	0.99883057	0.000859075
0.002137658	0.99880363	0.000891675
0.002175161	0.99877636	0.0009523
0.002214003	0.99877878	0.001028675
0.002254258	0.99879564	0.0010653
0.002296003	0.99878343	0.0010842
0.002339324	0.99876993	0.0011513
0.002384311	0.99876196	0.00119455
0.002431062	0.99879903	0.00130075
0.002479684	0.99884482	0.001267025
0.00253029	0.99878703	0.001240625
0.002583004	0.99873864	0.001356025
0.002637961	0.99876898	0.001433075
0.002695308	0.99876442	0.00142545
0.002755204	0.99870106	0.001490325
0.002817822	0.99869976	0.00164605
0.002887382	0.99869764	0.00167175
0.002890748	0.99869467	0.0016691
0.002894122	0.99868807	0.0016655
0.002897504	0.99867884	0.00166395
0.002900893	0.99866829	0.001663675
0.002904291	0.99865738	0.001665525
0.002907697	0.99864627	0.00166735
0.00291111	0.99863413	0.00167005
0.002914532	0.99862215	0.00167475
0.002917962	0.99861075	0.00167905
0.002921399	0.99859916	0.001683225
0.002924845	0.99858758	0.00168715
0.002928299	0.99857534	0.001689225
0.002931761	0.99856034	0.001689475
0.002935232	0.99854235	0.001690625
0.00293871	0.99852149	0.001691675
0.002942197	0.99849724	0.001694175
0.002945692	0.99847031	0.001698875
0.002949196	0.99844048	0.001705
0.002952707	0.99840846	0.001714875
0.002956228	0.99837494	0.001726075
0.002959756	0.99833867	0.001738675
0.002963293	0.99829837	0.001752875
0.002966839	0.99825358	0.001770675
0.002970393	0.99820342	0.001791825
0.002973955	0.99814752	0.001820025
0.002977526	0.99808712	0.001856575
0.002981106	0.99802383	0.0019034
0.002984694	0.99795843	0.001959875
0.002988291	0.99789207	0.002029275
0.002991896	0.99782777	0.002112125
0.002995511	0.99776875	0.00220855
0.002999134	0.99771732	0.0023159
0.003002765	0.997674	0.00243225
0.003006406	0.99763926	0.0025564
0.003010056	0.99761114	0.002685
0.003013714	0.99758866	0.00282175
0.003017381	0.99757254	0.002964875
0.003021057	0.9975628	0.003114525
0.003024742	0.99755621	0.003264475
0.003028436	0.99753373	0.00340815
0.00303214	0.99746751	0.0035698
0.003035852	0.99735538	0.00381155
0.003039573	0.99724066	0.0041979
0.003043304	0.9972384	0.0047884
0.003047043	0.99751296	0.005518
0.003050792	0.99813274	0.006153675
0.00305455	0.99894583	0.0064578
0.003058317	0.99974127	0.006487125
0.003062094	1.0005489	0.006428075
0.00306588	1.0014017	0.0060546
0.003069675	1.0019413	0.00516695
0.00307348	1.0018487	0.004250975
0.003077294	1.0013113	0.0038536
0.003081118	1.0008194	0.004153925
0.003084951	1.0009671	0.0049903
0.003088794	1.0018058	0.00539335
0.003092646	1.0026717	0.00506625
0.003096508	1.0033194	0.0046372
0.00310038	1.0039535	0.004069325
0.003104261	1.0043389	0.0030361
0.003108152	1.0042501	0.002032375
0.003112053	1.0038906	0.001289375
0.003115963	1.003395	0.00072575
0.003119884	1.0028457	0.000436967
0.003123814	1.0023996	0.000374333
0.003127754	1.0020854	0.0003498
0.003131705	1.0018411	0.000335333
0.003135665	1.0016403	0.000326767
0.003139635	1.0014706	0.000321467
0.003143615	1.001324	0.000317867
0.003147606	1.0011952	0.000315267
0.003151606	1.0010805	0.0003136
0.003155617	1.0009776	0.000312833
0.003159638	1.0008843	0.000311767
0.003163669	1.0007988	0.000311467
0.00316771	1.0007206	0.000311467
0.003171762	1.0006484	0.0003113
0.003175824	1.0005818	0.0003118
0.003179897	1.000523	0.000312667
0.00318398	1.0004639	0.000303
0.003220369	1.0000472	0.0003061
0.003262742	0.99972734	0.000317167
0.003306245	0.99948701	0.0003307
0.003350924	0.99929185	0.000347033
0.003396827	0.99912522	0.000363867
0.003444005	0.99897632	0.000380933
0.003492512	0.99883985	0.000400067
0.003542405	0.99871064	0.000418133
0.003593745	0.99858725	0.000441833
0.003646594	0.99847105	0.0004656
0.003701021	0.99835455	0.000484567
0.003757097	0.99823471	0.0005104
0.003814898	0.99811892	0.000544667
0.003874506	0.99800691	0.000576433
0.003936006	0.99789526	0.0006089
0.00399949	0.997776	0.000633499
0.004065055	0.99763737	0.000666064
0.004132806	0.99749999	0.00073805
0.004202854	0.9973738	0.000815845
0.004275317	0.99729159	0.000942107
0.004350322	0.99730173	0.001024377
0.004428007	0.99722614	0.000883356
0.004508516	0.99704227	0.000908018
0.004592007	0.99688116	0.000934299
0.004678649	0.99671631	0.000979147
0.004768623	0.99654463	0.001027
0.004862125	0.99637665	0.0011038
0.004959367	0.99621505	0.001166767
0.005060579	0.99604049	0.001231133
0.005166008	0.99586231	0.001310733
0.005275923	0.99568392	0.001384833
0.005390617	0.99549131	0.001453167
0.005510408	0.9952835	0.001531867
0.005635645	0.99507026	0.001617233
0.005766706	0.99483544	0.001685867
0.005904009	0.99455658	0.0017718
0.006048009	0.99430209	0.001939033
0.006199209	0.99404183	0.002005
0.006358163	0.99371882	0.002126333
0.006525484	0.99339006	0.002280167
0.006701848	0.99306043	0.002443667
0.00688801	0.9927201	0.002603233
0.007084811	0.99234873	0.002750933
0.007293187	0.99192835	0.002904
0.007514193	0.99145648	0.003080733
0.007749012	0.99093924	0.003294267
0.00799898	0.99039597	0.0035538
0.008265612	0.98982628	0.003822367
0.008550634	0.98920465	0.004106067
0.008856013	0.98853739	0.004435366
0.009184014	0.98786404	0.004795167
0.009537245	0.98714296	0.005064767
0.009918735	0.98624941	0.005261
0.010332016	0.98511477	0.005494167
0.010781234	0.98379394	0.0058936
0.01127129	0.98237769	0.006404
0.011808018	0.98082008	0.0068937
0.012398419	0.9790431	0.007392
0.012460722	0.97885842	0.007435167
0.012523655	0.97866883	0.007477667
0.012587227	0.97847616	0.007516933
0.012651448	0.97827824	0.0075522
0.012716327	0.97807463	0.007586533
0.012781875	0.97786628	0.007619067
0.012848102	0.9776521	0.0076489
0.01291502	0.97743122	0.007677667
0.012982637	0.97720486	0.0077065
0.013050967	0.97697136	0.007732033
0.01312002	0.97673102	0.0077606
0.013189807	0.9764854	0.007788033
0.013260341	0.97623543	0.0078173
0.013331633	0.97597953	0.007841733
0.013403696	0.97571753	0.007868833
0.013476542	0.9754493	0.007890867
0.013550184	0.97517301	0.007914167
0.013624636	0.9748901	0.0079361
0.01369991	0.9745996	0.007957367
0.013776021	0.97430314	0.007979199
0.013852982	0.97399986	0.0079964
0.013930808	0.97368552	0.0080101
0.014009513	0.97335968	0.008024934
0.014089112	0.97302452	0.008041266
0.014169621	0.97267961	0.008057167
0.014251056	0.97232519	0.008075667
0.014333432	0.97196277	0.008095033
0.014416766	0.97159265	0.0081147
0.014501075	0.97121403	0.008132267
0.014586375	0.97082485	0.008147866
0.014672685	0.9704248	0.008163134
0.014760022	0.97001383	0.008176967
0.014848406	0.96959128	0.008189834
0.014937854	0.96915779	0.008201733
0.015028386	0.96871049	0.008208401
0.015120023	0.96824867	0.0082162
0.015212784	0.96777074	0.008218766
0.01530669	0.96727452	0.008224066
0.015401762	0.96676293	0.0082316
0.015498023	0.96623903	0.008241434
0.015595495	0.96569875	0.0082434
0.015694201	0.96513764	0.008246667
0.015794164	0.96455831	0.008250433
0.015895409	0.96395942	0.008251733
0.01599796	0.96333535	0.008249734
0.016101843	0.96268641	0.0082545
0.016207083	0.96201691	0.008261967
0.016313709	0.96132089	0.0082662
0.016421747	0.96059497	0.008279233
0.016531225	0.95986066	0.008309701
0.016642173	0.95907451	0.008284533
0.01675462	0.95824621	0.008346367
0.016868597	0.95742286	0.008397333
0.016984135	0.95657013	0.008443
0.017101267	0.95568518	0.008502833
0.017220026	0.95478445	0.0085828
0.017340446	0.95390313	0.008668333
0.017462562	0.95292701	0.008612333
0.01758641	0.95188269	0.0087375
0.017712027	0.95088705	0.008815533
0.017839451	0.94979766	0.008789034
0.017968723	0.94861402	0.0088698
0.018099881	0.94740884	0.008960167
0.018232969	0.94616025	0.0090618
0.018368028	0.94485944	0.0091701
0.018505103	0.94349965	0.009294501
0.018644239	0.94207915	0.009437201
0.018785483	0.94059581	0.0096025
0.018928884	0.93904679	0.009791633
0.01907449	0.93743029	0.0100108
0.019222355	0.93574544	0.0102605
0.019372529	0.93399017	0.01054357
0.019525069	0.93216146	0.01085953
0.01968003	0.93025506	0.01121037
0.01983747	0.92826156	0.01159303
0.01999745	0.92617098	0.0120187
0.02016003	0.92397682	0.01249337
0.020325277	0.9216732	0.01302853
0.020493254	0.91925707	0.01363277
0.020664031	0.91672151	0.01431193
0.020837679	0.91406298	0.01508343
0.021014269	0.91128059	0.01595237
0.021193878	0.90836609	0.01692653
0.021376584	0.90531509	0.0180246
0.021562467	0.90212509	0.01925457
0.021751612	0.89879037	0.02063033
0.021944104	0.89530528	0.02216373
0.022140033	0.8916553	0.0238653
0.022339493	0.88783492	0.0257712
0.02254258	0.88384277	0.027887
0.022749392	0.87965729	0.03022057
0.022960035	0.87521682	0.03276933
0.023174614	0.87012394	0.0355145
0.023393243	0.86531112	0.0400537
0.023616036	0.86091211	0.043753
0.023843113	0.85597853	0.0479063
0.0240746	0.85079028	0.0526159
0.024310625	0.84544469	0.0579626
0.024551324	0.84008103	0.0640178
0.024796837	0.83485054	0.0706509
0.025047311	0.8290099	0.0772409
0.025302895	0.82290388	0.0860005
0.02556375	0.81712154	0.0954151
0.025830039	0.81165958	0.1065594
0.026101934	0.80689268	0.1187083
0.026379614	0.80278509	0.1322393
0.026663266	0.79970271	0.1472221
0.026953084	0.79807594	0.1636099
0.027249272	0.79833143	0.1809995
0.027552042	0.79867795	0.1979234
0.027861615	0.80199013	0.2212311
0.028178224	0.81072374	0.242719
0.028502112	0.82431474	0.2644583
0.028833532	0.84033678	0.2796292
0.02917275	0.85634569	0.2949456
0.029520045	0.87617114	0.3099536
0.029875708	0.89611221	0.3171445
0.030240046	0.91561888	0.3273756
0.03061338	0.93667826	0.3332805
0.030996047	0.95956572	0.3401358
0.031388402	0.98326393	0.3399111
0.031790817	1.0054531	0.3394477
0.032203685	1.0286824	0.3371553
0.032627418	1.052027	0.3309384
0.03306245	1.074469	0.3220632
0.03350924	1.0964089	0.3102569
0.033968271	1.1150915	0.2929413
0.034440052	1.1311207	0.2771055
0.034925123	1.1451071	0.2566009
0.035424054	1.1544773	0.2354435
0.035937446	1.1611881	0.2154721
0.036465937	1.1661726	0.1943822
0.037010205	1.1666912	0.1708839
0.037570966	1.1619269	0.1501374
0.038148981	1.1545898	0.1332015
0.038745059	1.1455816	0.1186781
0.03936006	1.1351954	0.1080913
0.039994899	1.1267189	0.1030673
0.040650553	1.1233612	0.0994652
0.041328062	1.1245838	0.092102
0.042028538	1.1226327	0.07502463
0.042753168	1.1133295	0.06016683
0.043503224	1.1034403	0.05073867
0.044280067	1.0924582	0.03714983
0.045085159	1.0742562	0.0247513
0.045920069	1.0552985	0.02450083
0.046786486	1.0410119	0.02493387
0.047686226	1.0283395	0.0256831
0.04862125	1.0165236	0.02671593
0.049593675	1.0052265	0.02799917
0.050605791	0.99420114	0.02945927
0.051660078	0.98319204	0.03109603
0.052759229	0.97214022	0.03311273
0.053906168	0.96097557	0.03527263
0.055104083	0.9494425	0.03759887
0.056356449	0.93731146	0.0401684
0.057667064	0.92443425	0.04318963
0.059040089	0.91063891	0.0467066
0.060480091	0.89573259	0.0510144
0.061992094	0.87916097	0.0562095
0.067102267	0.8260673	0.0833
0.07350247	0.74582136	0.1218
0.083402802	0.69110704	0.2948
0.092003087	0.64958198	0.326
0.096403225	0.60686449	0.4087
0.104803563	0.5358936	0.536
0.10670364	0.55208393	0.6662
0.113403836	0.6340697	0.6931
0.120004014	0.66370242	0.821
0.124404201	0.71222426	0.868
0.132004448	0.80879241	0.95
0.14130476	0.8591701	0.909
0.149405036	0.86904031	1.006
0.174505895	1.0315365	1.147
0.179597872	1.0712365	1.149598
0.184689943	1.0982708	1.152196
0.189781921	1.1198012	1.154793

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Sc (Scandium): all datasets

Larruquert et al. 2004: n,k 0.00124–0.190 µm n,k 0.00124–0.1898 µm default

About Sc (Scandium)

Scandium (Sc) is a silvery-white metallic element classified as a rare earth element. It is relatively soft and has a low density compared to other metals. Scandium is not found free in nature, but is usually present in rare minerals like thortveitite and scandite. The element's primary application is in the aerospace industry, where it is alloyed with aluminum to form an alloy that is lightweight, yet strong and resistant to heat. These scandium-aluminum alloys are used in aircraft components and in some sports equipment, such as baseball bats and bicycle frames. Additionally, scandium is used in some solid-state devices like high-intensity discharge lamps which produce light that's similar to natural sunlight. The radioactive isotope of scandium, Sc-46, is used as a tracer in oil refining research. With its limited availability and specialized applications, scandium remains one of the lesser-known elements, but it holds significance in the sectors where it's employed.

More about Sc (Scandium) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/Sc/nk/Larruquert.yml
ID: ds_9d6d0735d296
API: /v1/datasets/ds_9d6d0735d296

Plot