Optical constants
Refractive index of Te (Tellurium)
Caldwell and Fan 1959: n(o) 4.0–14 µm
- Data
- formula 2
- Range
- 4–14 µm
- Optical axis
- o
- State
- crystalline
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 4.81426
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0
- Permittivity ε1
- 23.1771
- Permittivity ε2
- 0
- Absorption coefficient α
- 0 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- — nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- -0.0104158 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 4.89217
- Group velocity dispersion
- 3180.39 fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- -107.072 ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 0.165754 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Te (Tellurium): Caldwell and Fan 1959: n(o) 4.0–14 µm
te = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Te", "Caldwell-o", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(te.range_nm) # (4000, 14000) nm
eps = te.eps([7480]) # complex permittivityDownloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_27a3eb320197/lightsmith"
te = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(te.source) # citation and provenance travel with the dataAny dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (te/caldwell-fan-1959-o).
# ... load te as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=te)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=4000, stop_nm=14000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelengthSame spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_27a3eb320197/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
te_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Dispersion formula
Sellmeier (C in µm²) (formula 2), λ in µmValid from 4.0 to 14.0 µm.
Coefficients as stored
| Ci | Value |
|---|---|
| C1 | 17.5346 |
| C2 | 4.3289 |
| C3 | 3.981 |
| C4 | 3.78 |
| C5 | 11813.0 |
Comments and conditions
Conditions
- direction
- o
References
1) R. S. Caldwell and H. Y. Fan.
Optical properties of tellurium and selenium.
Phys. Rev., 114, 664–675 (1959)
2) G. C. Bhar. Refractive index interpolation in phase-matching. Appl. Opt. 15, 305–307 (1976)
* Ref. 2 provides a dispersion formula based on data from Ref. 1
2) G. C. Bhar. Refractive index interpolation in phase-matching. Appl. Opt. 15, 305–307 (1976)
* Ref. 2 provides a dispersion formula based on data from Ref. 1
- doi:10.1103/physrev.114.664 Optical Properties of Tellurium and Selenium, Physical Review (1959)
- doi:10.1364/ao.15.0305_1 Refractive index interpolation in phase-matching, Applied Optics (1976)
Cite
Robert S. Caldwell and H. Y. Fan. Optical Properties of Tellurium and Selenium. Physical Review, 114, 664-675 (1959), doi:10.1103/physrev.114.664; Gopal C. Bhar. Refractive index interpolation in phase-matching. Applied Optics, 15, 305_1 (1976), doi:10.1364/ao.15.0305_1; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library
CSV comma separated
TXT tab separated
YAML n, k
Full database record original YAML
All quantities CSV
JSON metadata
| λ (µm) | n |
|---|---|
| 4 | 4.928713 |
| 4.01258 | 4.9275 |
| 4.0252 | 4.926299 |
| 4.03786 | 4.925111 |
| 4.05055 | 4.923934 |
| 4.06329 | 4.922769 |
| 4.07607 | 4.921615 |
| 4.08889 | 4.920473 |
| 4.10174 | 4.919342 |
| 4.11464 | 4.918222 |
| 4.12758 | 4.917113 |
| 4.14056 | 4.916015 |
| 4.15358 | 4.914928 |
| 4.16665 | 4.913851 |
| 4.17975 | 4.912785 |
| 4.19289 | 4.911729 |
| 4.20608 | 4.910684 |
| 4.2193 | 4.909648 |
| 4.23257 | 4.908622 |
| 4.24588 | 4.907606 |
| 4.25923 | 4.9066 |
| 4.27263 | 4.905603 |
| 4.28606 | 4.904616 |
| 4.29954 | 4.903638 |
| 4.31306 | 4.902669 |
| 4.32663 | 4.90171 |
| 4.34023 | 4.900759 |
| 4.35388 | 4.899817 |
| 4.36757 | 4.898884 |
| 4.38131 | 4.89796 |
| 4.39509 | 4.897044 |
| 4.40891 | 4.896137 |
| 4.42277 | 4.895238 |
| 4.43668 | 4.894348 |
| 4.45063 | 4.893465 |
| 4.46463 | 4.892591 |
| 4.47867 | 4.891724 |
| 4.49275 | 4.890866 |
| 4.50688 | 4.890015 |
| 4.52105 | 4.889172 |
| 4.53527 | 4.888336 |
| 4.54953 | 4.887508 |
| 4.56384 | 4.886688 |
| 4.57819 | 4.885875 |
| 4.59259 | 4.885069 |
| 4.60703 | 4.88427 |
| 4.62152 | 4.883478 |
| 4.63605 | 4.882694 |
| 4.65063 | 4.881916 |
| 4.66525 | 4.881145 |
| 4.67993 | 4.880381 |
| 4.69464 | 4.879624 |
| 4.70941 | 4.878874 |
| 4.72422 | 4.878129 |
| 4.73907 | 4.877392 |
| 4.75397 | 4.876661 |
| 4.76892 | 4.875936 |
| 4.78392 | 4.875217 |
| 4.79896 | 4.874505 |
| 4.81406 | 4.873799 |
| 4.82919 | 4.873099 |
| 4.84438 | 4.872404 |
| 4.85962 | 4.871716 |
| 4.8749 | 4.871034 |
| 4.89023 | 4.870357 |
| 4.90561 | 4.869687 |
| 4.92103 | 4.869022 |
| 4.93651 | 4.868362 |
| 4.95203 | 4.867708 |
| 4.9676 | 4.86706 |
| 4.98323 | 4.866417 |
| 4.9989 | 4.86578 |
| 5.01462 | 4.865147 |
| 5.03039 | 4.864521 |
| 5.0462 | 4.863899 |
| 5.06207 | 4.863282 |
| 5.07799 | 4.862671 |
| 5.09396 | 4.862065 |
| 5.10998 | 4.861463 |
| 5.12605 | 4.860867 |
| 5.14217 | 4.860276 |
| 5.15834 | 4.859689 |
| 5.17456 | 4.859107 |
| 5.19083 | 4.85853 |
| 5.20716 | 4.857958 |
| 5.22353 | 4.85739 |
| 5.23996 | 4.856827 |
| 5.25644 | 4.856269 |
| 5.27297 | 4.855715 |
| 5.28955 | 4.855166 |
| 5.30618 | 4.854621 |
| 5.32287 | 4.85408 |
| 5.33961 | 4.853544 |
| 5.3564 | 4.853012 |
| 5.37324 | 4.852484 |
| 5.39014 | 4.85196 |
| 5.40709 | 4.851441 |
| 5.42409 | 4.850926 |
| 5.44115 | 4.850414 |
| 5.45826 | 4.849907 |
| 5.47543 | 4.849404 |
| 5.49264 | 4.848905 |
| 5.50992 | 4.84841 |
| 5.52724 | 4.847919 |
| 5.54463 | 4.847431 |
| 5.56206 | 4.846947 |
| 5.57955 | 4.846468 |
| 5.5971 | 4.845991 |
| 5.6147 | 4.845519 |
| 5.63236 | 4.84505 |
| 5.65007 | 4.844585 |
| 5.66784 | 4.844124 |
| 5.68566 | 4.843666 |
| 5.70354 | 4.843211 |
| 5.72147 | 4.84276 |
| 5.73947 | 4.842313 |
| 5.75752 | 4.841869 |
| 5.77562 | 4.841428 |
| 5.79378 | 4.840991 |
| 5.812 | 4.840557 |
| 5.83028 | 4.840126 |
| 5.84862 | 4.839699 |
| 5.86701 | 4.839275 |
| 5.88546 | 4.838854 |
| 5.90397 | 4.838436 |
| 5.92253 | 4.838021 |
| 5.94116 | 4.83761 |
| 5.95984 | 4.837202 |
| 5.97858 | 4.836796 |
| 5.99738 | 4.836394 |
| 6.01624 | 4.835995 |
| 6.03516 | 4.835598 |
| 6.05414 | 4.835205 |
| 6.07318 | 4.834814 |
| 6.09228 | 4.834427 |
| 6.11143 | 4.834042 |
| 6.13065 | 4.83366 |
| 6.14993 | 4.833281 |
| 6.16927 | 4.832905 |
| 6.18867 | 4.832532 |
| 6.20813 | 4.832161 |
| 6.22766 | 4.831793 |
| 6.24724 | 4.831427 |
| 6.26689 | 4.831065 |
| 6.28659 | 4.830705 |
| 6.30636 | 4.830347 |
| 6.32619 | 4.829992 |
| 6.34609 | 4.82964 |
| 6.36604 | 4.82929 |
| 6.38606 | 4.828943 |
| 6.40615 | 4.828598 |
| 6.42629 | 4.828256 |
| 6.4465 | 4.827916 |
| 6.46677 | 4.827579 |
| 6.48711 | 4.827244 |
| 6.50751 | 4.826912 |
| 6.52797 | 4.826581 |
| 6.5485 | 4.826254 |
| 6.56909 | 4.825928 |
| 6.58975 | 4.825605 |
| 6.61047 | 4.825284 |
| 6.63126 | 4.824965 |
| 6.65212 | 4.824649 |
| 6.67303 | 4.824335 |
| 6.69402 | 4.824023 |
| 6.71507 | 4.823713 |
| 6.73619 | 4.823405 |
| 6.75737 | 4.8231 |
| 6.77862 | 4.822796 |
| 6.79994 | 4.822495 |
| 6.82132 | 4.822196 |
| 6.84277 | 4.821899 |
| 6.86429 | 4.821604 |
| 6.88588 | 4.821311 |
| 6.90753 | 4.821019 |
| 6.92925 | 4.82073 |
| 6.95104 | 4.820443 |
| 6.9729 | 4.820158 |
| 6.99483 | 4.819875 |
| 7.01682 | 4.819594 |
| 7.03889 | 4.819315 |
| 7.06103 | 4.819037 |
| 7.08323 | 4.818762 |
| 7.10551 | 4.818488 |
| 7.12785 | 4.818216 |
| 7.15026 | 4.817946 |
| 7.17275 | 4.817678 |
| 7.19531 | 4.817412 |
| 7.21793 | 4.817147 |
| 7.24063 | 4.816884 |
| 7.2634 | 4.816623 |
| 7.28624 | 4.816364 |
| 7.30915 | 4.816106 |
| 7.33214 | 4.81585 |
| 7.3552 | 4.815596 |
| 7.37833 | 4.815344 |
| 7.40153 | 4.815093 |
| 7.42481 | 4.814843 |
| 7.44815 | 4.814596 |
| 7.47158 | 4.81435 |
| 7.49507 | 4.814105 |
| 7.51864 | 4.813863 |
| 7.54229 | 4.813621 |
| 7.566 | 4.813382 |
| 7.5898 | 4.813144 |
| 7.61366 | 4.812907 |
| 7.63761 | 4.812672 |
| 7.66162 | 4.812438 |
| 7.68572 | 4.812206 |
| 7.70989 | 4.811976 |
| 7.73413 | 4.811747 |
| 7.75845 | 4.811519 |
| 7.78285 | 4.811293 |
| 7.80733 | 4.811068 |
| 7.83188 | 4.810845 |
| 7.85651 | 4.810623 |
| 7.88121 | 4.810402 |
| 7.906 | 4.810183 |
| 7.93086 | 4.809965 |
| 7.9558 | 4.809749 |
| 7.98082 | 4.809534 |
| 8.00591 | 4.80932 |
| 8.03109 | 4.809107 |
| 8.05635 | 4.808896 |
| 8.08168 | 4.808687 |
| 8.1071 | 4.808478 |
| 8.13259 | 4.808271 |
| 8.15816 | 4.808065 |
| 8.18382 | 4.80786 |
| 8.20955 | 4.807657 |
| 8.23537 | 4.807454 |
| 8.26127 | 4.807253 |
| 8.28725 | 4.807054 |
| 8.31331 | 4.806855 |
| 8.33945 | 4.806657 |
| 8.36568 | 4.806461 |
| 8.39198 | 4.806266 |
| 8.41837 | 4.806072 |
| 8.44485 | 4.80588 |
| 8.4714 | 4.805688 |
| 8.49804 | 4.805497 |
| 8.52477 | 4.805308 |
| 8.55158 | 4.80512 |
| 8.57847 | 4.804933 |
| 8.60544 | 4.804747 |
| 8.63251 | 4.804562 |
| 8.65965 | 4.804378 |
| 8.68688 | 4.804195 |
| 8.7142 | 4.804013 |
| 8.7416 | 4.803832 |
| 8.76909 | 4.803653 |
| 8.79667 | 4.803474 |
| 8.82433 | 4.803296 |
| 8.85208 | 4.80312 |
| 8.87992 | 4.802944 |
| 8.90784 | 4.802769 |
| 8.93586 | 4.802595 |
| 8.96396 | 4.802423 |
| 8.99215 | 4.802251 |
| 9.02042 | 4.80208 |
| 9.04879 | 4.80191 |
| 9.07725 | 4.801741 |
| 9.10579 | 4.801573 |
| 9.13443 | 4.801406 |
| 9.16315 | 4.80124 |
| 9.19197 | 4.801075 |
| 9.22087 | 4.80091 |
| 9.24987 | 4.800747 |
| 9.27896 | 4.800584 |
| 9.30814 | 4.800422 |
| 9.33741 | 4.800261 |
| 9.36677 | 4.800101 |
| 9.39623 | 4.799942 |
| 9.42578 | 4.799784 |
| 9.45542 | 4.799626 |
| 9.48515 | 4.79947 |
| 9.51498 | 4.799314 |
| 9.5449 | 4.799159 |
| 9.57492 | 4.799004 |
| 9.60503 | 4.798851 |
| 9.63523 | 4.798698 |
| 9.66553 | 4.798546 |
| 9.69593 | 4.798395 |
| 9.72642 | 4.798245 |
| 9.757 | 4.798095 |
| 9.78769 | 4.797946 |
| 9.81847 | 4.797798 |
| 9.84934 | 4.79765 |
| 9.88031 | 4.797504 |
| 9.91138 | 4.797358 |
| 9.94255 | 4.797212 |
| 9.97382 | 4.797068 |
| 10.0052 | 4.796924 |
| 10.0366 | 4.796781 |
| 10.0682 | 4.796638 |
| 10.0999 | 4.796496 |
| 10.1316 | 4.796355 |
| 10.1635 | 4.796215 |
| 10.1955 | 4.796075 |
| 10.2275 | 4.795936 |
| 10.2597 | 4.795797 |
| 10.2919 | 4.795659 |
| 10.3243 | 4.795522 |
| 10.3568 | 4.795385 |
| 10.3893 | 4.795249 |
| 10.422 | 4.795114 |
| 10.4548 | 4.794979 |
| 10.4877 | 4.794845 |
| 10.5206 | 4.794711 |
| 10.5537 | 4.794578 |
| 10.5869 | 4.794446 |
| 10.6202 | 4.794314 |
| 10.6536 | 4.794182 |
| 10.6871 | 4.794052 |
| 10.7207 | 4.793921 |
| 10.7544 | 4.793792 |
| 10.7882 | 4.793663 |
| 10.8222 | 4.793534 |
| 10.8562 | 4.793406 |
| 10.8903 | 4.793278 |
| 10.9246 | 4.793151 |
| 10.9589 | 4.793025 |
| 10.9934 | 4.792899 |
| 11.028 | 4.792773 |
| 11.0627 | 4.792648 |
| 11.0974 | 4.792524 |
| 11.1323 | 4.7924 |
| 11.1674 | 4.792276 |
| 11.2025 | 4.792153 |
| 11.2377 | 4.792031 |
| 11.273 | 4.791909 |
| 11.3085 | 4.791787 |
| 11.3441 | 4.791666 |
| 11.3797 | 4.791545 |
| 11.4155 | 4.791424 |
| 11.4514 | 4.791305 |
| 11.4874 | 4.791185 |
| 11.5235 | 4.791066 |
| 11.5598 | 4.790947 |
| 11.5961 | 4.790829 |
| 11.6326 | 4.790711 |
| 11.6692 | 4.790594 |
| 11.7059 | 4.790477 |
| 11.7427 | 4.79036 |
| 11.7796 | 4.790244 |
| 11.8167 | 4.790128 |
| 11.8538 | 4.790012 |
| 11.8911 | 4.789897 |
| 11.9285 | 4.789782 |
| 11.966 | 4.789668 |
| 12.0036 | 4.789554 |
| 12.0414 | 4.78944 |
| 12.0792 | 4.789327 |
| 12.1172 | 4.789214 |
| 12.1553 | 4.789101 |
| 12.1936 | 4.788989 |
| 12.2319 | 4.788877 |
| 12.2704 | 4.788765 |
| 12.309 | 4.788653 |
| 12.3477 | 4.788542 |
| 12.3865 | 4.788431 |
| 12.4254 | 4.788321 |
| 12.4645 | 4.788211 |
| 12.5037 | 4.788101 |
| 12.543 | 4.787991 |
| 12.5825 | 4.787882 |
| 12.6221 | 4.787773 |
| 12.6617 | 4.787664 |
| 12.7016 | 4.787555 |
| 12.7415 | 4.787447 |
| 12.7816 | 4.787339 |
| 12.8218 | 4.787231 |
| 12.8621 | 4.787123 |
| 12.9025 | 4.787016 |
| 12.9431 | 4.786909 |
| 12.9838 | 4.786802 |
| 13.0246 | 4.786696 |
| 13.0656 | 4.786589 |
| 13.1067 | 4.786483 |
| 13.1479 | 4.786377 |
| 13.1892 | 4.786271 |
| 13.2307 | 4.786166 |
| 13.2723 | 4.78606 |
| 13.3141 | 4.785955 |
| 13.3559 | 4.78585 |
| 13.3979 | 4.785745 |
| 13.4401 | 4.785641 |
| 13.4823 | 4.785536 |
| 13.5247 | 4.785432 |
| 13.5673 | 4.785328 |
| 13.6099 | 4.785224 |
| 13.6527 | 4.78512 |
| 13.6957 | 4.785016 |
| 13.7387 | 4.784913 |
| 13.7819 | 4.784809 |
| 13.8253 | 4.784706 |
| 13.8687 | 4.784603 |
| 13.9124 | 4.7845 |
| 13.9561 | 4.784397 |
| 14 | 4.784294 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Ordinary ray (o).