Optical constants

Refractive index of C₂Cl₄ (Tetrachloroethylene, PCE, PERC)

Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm

Data: formula 1
Range: 0.4–2 µm
Temperature: 295 K
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.50406
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 2.26221
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 38.673
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0665652 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.54318
Group velocity dispersion: 128.628 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -701.734 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# C2Cl4 (Tetrachloroethylene, PCE, PERC): Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm
c2cl4 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("organic", "tetrachloroethylene", "Chang", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c2cl4.range_nm)  # (400, 2000) nm
eps = c2cl4.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_61795e2161ed/lightsmith"
c2cl4 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(c2cl4.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (tetrachloroethylene/chang-2024).

# ... load c2cl4 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=c2cl4)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_61795e2161ed/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
c2cl4_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (formula 1), λ in µm

n^{2} - 1 = \frac{1.206 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {0.124}^{2}}

Valid from 0.4 to 2.0 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.0
C2	1.206
C3	0.124

Comments and conditions

21.5–22.0 °C.

Conditions

temperature: 295 K

References

H.-J. Chang, N. Munera, C. Lopez-Zelaya, D. Banerjee, G. Beadie, E. W. Van Stryland, D. J. Hagan. Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry. Opt. Mater. Express 14, 1253–1267 (2024)

doi:10.1364/ome.519907 Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry, Optical Materials Express (2024)

Cite

Hao-Jung Chang et al.. Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry. Optical Materials Express, 14, 1253 (2024), doi:10.1364/ome.519907; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

C2Cl4 (Tetrachloroethylene, PCE, PERC), Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.4	1.527815
0.401617	1.527442
0.40324	1.527073
0.40487	1.526707
0.406506	1.526345
0.408149	1.525986
0.409799	1.525631
0.411455	1.525279
0.413118	1.52493
0.414788	1.524584
0.416465	1.524242
0.418148	1.523903
0.419838	1.523567
0.421535	1.523234
0.423239	1.522905
0.424949	1.522578
0.426667	1.522255
0.428391	1.521934
0.430123	1.521617
0.431861	1.521302
0.433607	1.52099
0.435359	1.520682
0.437119	1.520376
0.438886	1.520073
0.44066	1.519772
0.442441	1.519475
0.444229	1.51918
0.446024	1.518888
0.447827	1.518598
0.449637	1.518312
0.451455	1.518028
0.453279	1.517746
0.455111	1.517467
0.456951	1.517191
0.458798	1.516917
0.460652	1.516645
0.462514	1.516376
0.464383	1.51611
0.46626	1.515846
0.468145	1.515584
0.470037	1.515325
0.471937	1.515068
0.473844	1.514814
0.47576	1.514561
0.477683	1.514311
0.479613	1.514063
0.481552	1.513818
0.483498	1.513575
0.485452	1.513333
0.487414	1.513095
0.489385	1.512858
0.491363	1.512623
0.493349	1.51239
0.495343	1.51216
0.497345	1.511932
0.499355	1.511705
0.501373	1.511481
0.5034	1.511258
0.505434	1.511038
0.507477	1.51082
0.509528	1.510603
0.511588	1.510389
0.513655	1.510176
0.515732	1.509965
0.517816	1.509756
0.519909	1.509549
0.52201	1.509344
0.52412	1.509141
0.526239	1.508939
0.528366	1.50874
0.530501	1.508542
0.532645	1.508345
0.534798	1.508151
0.53696	1.507958
0.53913	1.507767
0.541309	1.507577
0.543497	1.50739
0.545694	1.507204
0.547899	1.507019
0.550114	1.506836
0.552337	1.506655
0.55457	1.506475
0.556811	1.506297
0.559062	1.506121
0.561321	1.505946
0.56359	1.505772
0.565868	1.5056
0.568155	1.50543
0.570452	1.505261
0.572757	1.505093
0.575072	1.504927
0.577397	1.504763
0.57973	1.5046
0.582073	1.504438
0.584426	1.504277
0.586788	1.504119
0.58916	1.503961
0.591541	1.503805
0.593932	1.50365
0.596333	1.503496
0.598743	1.503344
0.601163	1.503193
0.603593	1.503044
0.606032	1.502896
0.608482	1.502749
0.610941	1.502603
0.613411	1.502459
0.61589	1.502315
0.618379	1.502173
0.620879	1.502033
0.623388	1.501893
0.625908	1.501755
0.628438	1.501618
0.630978	1.501482
0.633528	1.501347
0.636088	1.501213
0.638659	1.501081
0.641241	1.500949
0.643833	1.500819
0.646435	1.50069
0.649048	1.500562
0.651671	1.500435
0.654305	1.500309
0.656949	1.500184
0.659605	1.500061
0.662271	1.499938
0.664948	1.499817
0.667635	1.499696
0.670334	1.499577
0.673043	1.499458
0.675763	1.499341
0.678495	1.499224
0.681237	1.499109
0.68399	1.498994
0.686755	1.49888
0.689531	1.498768
0.692318	1.498656
0.695116	1.498546
0.697925	1.498436
0.700746	1.498327
0.703579	1.498219
0.706422	1.498112
0.709278	1.498006
0.712144	1.497901
0.715023	1.497797
0.717913	1.497693
0.720814	1.497591
0.723728	1.497489
0.726653	1.497388
0.72959	1.497288
0.732539	1.497189
0.7355	1.497091
0.738472	1.496994
0.741457	1.496897
0.744454	1.496801
0.747463	1.496706
0.750484	1.496612
0.753517	1.496519
0.756563	1.496426
0.759621	1.496334
0.762691	1.496243
0.765774	1.496153
0.768869	1.496063
0.771977	1.495975
0.775097	1.495887
0.77823	1.495799
0.781375	1.495713
0.784533	1.495627
0.787704	1.495542
0.790888	1.495457
0.794085	1.495374
0.797294	1.495291
0.800517	1.495208
0.803752	1.495127
0.807001	1.495046
0.810263	1.494966
0.813538	1.494886
0.816826	1.494807
0.820127	1.494729
0.823442	1.494651
0.82677	1.494574
0.830112	1.494498
0.833467	1.494422
0.836836	1.494347
0.840218	1.494273
0.843614	1.494199
0.847024	1.494126
0.850447	1.494053
0.853885	1.493981
0.857336	1.49391
0.860801	1.493839
0.86428	1.493769
0.867774	1.4937
0.871281	1.493631
0.874803	1.493562
0.878338	1.493494
0.881888	1.493427
0.885453	1.49336
0.889032	1.493294
0.892625	1.493228
0.896233	1.493163
0.899855	1.493099
0.903492	1.493035
0.907144	1.492971
0.910811	1.492908
0.914492	1.492846
0.918188	1.492784
0.921899	1.492722
0.925626	1.492662
0.929367	1.492601
0.933123	1.492541
0.936895	1.492482
0.940681	1.492423
0.944483	1.492365
0.948301	1.492307
0.952134	1.492249
0.955982	1.492192
0.959846	1.492136
0.963726	1.49208
0.967621	1.492024
0.971532	1.491969
0.975458	1.491914
0.979401	1.49186
0.98336	1.491806
0.987334	1.491753
0.991325	1.4917
0.995332	1.491648
0.999355	1.491596
1.00339	1.491544
1.00745	1.491493
1.01152	1.491442
1.01561	1.491392
1.01971	1.491342
1.02384	1.491293
1.02797	1.491243
1.03213	1.491195
1.0363	1.491147
1.04049	1.491099
1.04469	1.491051
1.04892	1.491004
1.05316	1.490957
1.05741	1.490911
1.06169	1.490865
1.06598	1.49082
1.07029	1.490774
1.07461	1.49073
1.07896	1.490685
1.08332	1.490641
1.0877	1.490597
1.09209	1.490554
1.09651	1.490511
1.10094	1.490468
1.10539	1.490426
1.10986	1.490384
1.11434	1.490342
1.11885	1.490301
1.12337	1.49026
1.12791	1.49022
1.13247	1.490179
1.13704	1.490139
1.14164	1.4901
1.14625	1.490061
1.15089	1.490022
1.15554	1.489983
1.16021	1.489945
1.1649	1.489907
1.16961	1.489869
1.17433	1.489832
1.17908	1.489794
1.18385	1.489758
1.18863	1.489721
1.19344	1.489685
1.19826	1.489649
1.2031	1.489614
1.20797	1.489578
1.21285	1.489543
1.21775	1.489509
1.22267	1.489474
1.22761	1.48944
1.23258	1.489406
1.23756	1.489373
1.24256	1.489339
1.24758	1.489306
1.25262	1.489273
1.25769	1.489241
1.26277	1.489209
1.26787	1.489177
1.273	1.489145
1.27814	1.489113
1.28331	1.489082
1.2885	1.489051
1.2937	1.489021
1.29893	1.48899
1.30418	1.48896
1.30945	1.48893
1.31475	1.4889
1.32006	1.488871
1.3254	1.488842
1.33075	1.488813
1.33613	1.488784
1.34153	1.488755
1.34696	1.488727
1.3524	1.488699
1.35787	1.488671
1.36335	1.488644
1.36886	1.488616
1.3744	1.488589
1.37995	1.488562
1.38553	1.488535
1.39113	1.488509
1.39675	1.488483
1.4024	1.488457
1.40807	1.488431
1.41376	1.488405
1.41947	1.48838
1.42521	1.488354
1.43097	1.488329
1.43675	1.488305
1.44256	1.48828
1.44839	1.488256
1.45424	1.488231
1.46012	1.488207
1.46602	1.488184
1.47195	1.48816
1.4779	1.488136
1.48387	1.488113
1.48987	1.48809
1.49589	1.488067
1.50194	1.488045
1.50801	1.488022
1.5141	1.488
1.52022	1.487978
1.52637	1.487956
1.53254	1.487934
1.53873	1.487912
1.54495	1.487891
1.55119	1.48787
1.55746	1.487849
1.56376	1.487828
1.57008	1.487807
1.57643	1.487786
1.5828	1.487766
1.58919	1.487746
1.59562	1.487726
1.60207	1.487706
1.60854	1.487686
1.61504	1.487666
1.62157	1.487647
1.62813	1.487628
1.63471	1.487609
1.64131	1.48759
1.64795	1.487571
1.65461	1.487552
1.6613	1.487534
1.66801	1.487515
1.67475	1.487497
1.68152	1.487479
1.68832	1.487461
1.69514	1.487443
1.70199	1.487426
1.70887	1.487408
1.71578	1.487391
1.72271	1.487374
1.72968	1.487357
1.73667	1.48734
1.74369	1.487323
1.75074	1.487306
1.75781	1.48729
1.76492	1.487274
1.77205	1.487257
1.77921	1.487241
1.7864	1.487225
1.79362	1.487209
1.80087	1.487194
1.80815	1.487178
1.81546	1.487163
1.8228	1.487147
1.83017	1.487132
1.83756	1.487117
1.84499	1.487102
1.85245	1.487087
1.85993	1.487072
1.86745	1.487058
1.875	1.487043
1.88258	1.487029
1.89019	1.487015
1.89783	1.487001
1.9055	1.486986
1.9132	1.486973
1.92093	1.486959
1.9287	1.486945
1.93649	1.486931
1.94432	1.486918
1.95218	1.486905
1.96007	1.486891
1.96799	1.486878
1.97594	1.486865
1.98393	1.486852
1.99195	1.486839
2	1.486827

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

C₂Cl₄ (Tetrachloroethylene, PCE, PERC): all datasets

Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm n 0.4–2 µm default

About C2Cl4 (Tetrachloroethylene, PCE, PERC)

Tetrachloroethylene (C₂Cl₄), also known as perchloroethylene, is a halogenated alkene widely used as a dry cleaning solvent and metal degreasing agent. It is a dense, non-flammable liquid with a sweet, ether-like odor. Due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic materials, it is highly valued in the textile and chemical industries. Although not prominently used for its optical properties, tetrachloroethylene's high refractive index can be utilized in specialized optical applications such as non-aqueous refractometry and other scientific measurements where its solvent properties are advantageous.

More about C2Cl4 (Tetrachloroethylene, PCE, PERC) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/organic/C2Cl4 - tetrachloroethylene/nk/Chang.yml
ID: ds_61795e2161ed
API: /v1/datasets/ds_61795e2161ed

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