Optical constants

Refractive index of C₄H₈O (Tetrahydrofuran, THF)

Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm

Data: formula 1
Range: 0.4–2 µm
Temperature: 295 K
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.40668
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 1.97875
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 66.803
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0313215 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.42509
Group velocity dispersion: 57.7785 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -315.212 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# C4H8O (Tetrahydrofuran, THF): Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm
c4h8o = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("organic", "tetrahydrofuran", "Chang", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c4h8o.range_nm)  # (400, 2000) nm
eps = c4h8o.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_eae370a4d792/lightsmith"
c4h8o = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(c4h8o.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (tetrahydrofuran/chang-2024).

# ... load c4h8o as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=c4h8o)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_eae370a4d792/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
c4h8o_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (formula 1), λ in µm

n^{2} - 1 = \frac{0.9544 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {0.0935}^{2}} + \frac{0.0147 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {3.45}^{2}}

Valid from 0.4 to 2.0 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.0
C2	0.9544
C3	0.0935
C4	0.0147
C5	3.45

Comments and conditions

21.5–22.0 °C.

Conditions

temperature: 295 K

References

H.-J. Chang, N. Munera, C. Lopez-Zelaya, D. Banerjee, G. Beadie, E. W. Van Stryland, D. J. Hagan. Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry. Opt. Mater. Express 14, 1253–1267 (2024)

doi:10.1364/ome.519907 Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry, Optical Materials Express (2024)

Cite

Hao-Jung Chang et al.. Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry. Optical Materials Express, 14, 1253 (2024), doi:10.1364/ome.519907; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

C4H8O (Tetrahydrofuran, THF), Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.4	1.417519
0.401617	1.417353
0.40324	1.417189
0.40487	1.417026
0.406506	1.416865
0.408149	1.416704
0.409799	1.416546
0.411455	1.416388
0.413118	1.416232
0.414788	1.416078
0.416465	1.415924
0.418148	1.415772
0.419838	1.415622
0.421535	1.415473
0.423239	1.415325
0.424949	1.415178
0.426667	1.415032
0.428391	1.414888
0.430123	1.414745
0.431861	1.414603
0.433607	1.414463
0.435359	1.414324
0.437119	1.414186
0.438886	1.414049
0.44066	1.413913
0.442441	1.413778
0.444229	1.413645
0.446024	1.413513
0.447827	1.413382
0.449637	1.413252
0.451455	1.413123
0.453279	1.412995
0.455111	1.412869
0.456951	1.412743
0.458798	1.412618
0.460652	1.412495
0.462514	1.412373
0.464383	1.412251
0.46626	1.412131
0.468145	1.412012
0.470037	1.411893
0.471937	1.411776
0.473844	1.41166
0.47576	1.411545
0.477683	1.41143
0.479613	1.411317
0.481552	1.411204
0.483498	1.411093
0.485452	1.410983
0.487414	1.410873
0.489385	1.410764
0.491363	1.410657
0.493349	1.41055
0.495343	1.410444
0.497345	1.410339
0.499355	1.410235
0.501373	1.410131
0.5034	1.410029
0.505434	1.409927
0.507477	1.409827
0.509528	1.409727
0.511588	1.409628
0.513655	1.40953
0.515732	1.409432
0.517816	1.409336
0.519909	1.40924
0.52201	1.409145
0.52412	1.409051
0.526239	1.408957
0.528366	1.408865
0.530501	1.408773
0.532645	1.408682
0.534798	1.408592
0.53696	1.408502
0.53913	1.408413
0.541309	1.408325
0.543497	1.408238
0.545694	1.408151
0.547899	1.408065
0.550114	1.40798
0.552337	1.407895
0.55457	1.407812
0.556811	1.407728
0.559062	1.407646
0.561321	1.407564
0.56359	1.407483
0.565868	1.407403
0.568155	1.407323
0.570452	1.407244
0.572757	1.407165
0.575072	1.407087
0.577397	1.40701
0.57973	1.406933
0.582073	1.406857
0.584426	1.406782
0.586788	1.406707
0.58916	1.406633
0.591541	1.40656
0.593932	1.406487
0.596333	1.406414
0.598743	1.406343
0.601163	1.406271
0.603593	1.406201
0.606032	1.406131
0.608482	1.406061
0.610941	1.405992
0.613411	1.405924
0.61589	1.405856
0.618379	1.405789
0.620879	1.405722
0.623388	1.405656
0.625908	1.40559
0.628438	1.405525
0.630978	1.40546
0.633528	1.405396
0.636088	1.405333
0.638659	1.405269
0.641241	1.405207
0.643833	1.405145
0.646435	1.405083
0.649048	1.405022
0.651671	1.404961
0.654305	1.404901
0.656949	1.404841
0.659605	1.404782
0.662271	1.404723
0.664948	1.404665
0.667635	1.404607
0.670334	1.40455
0.673043	1.404493
0.675763	1.404436
0.678495	1.40438
0.681237	1.404325
0.68399	1.404269
0.686755	1.404215
0.689531	1.40416
0.692318	1.404106
0.695116	1.404053
0.697925	1.404
0.700746	1.403947
0.703579	1.403895
0.706422	1.403843
0.709278	1.403791
0.712144	1.40374
0.715023	1.403689
0.717913	1.403639
0.720814	1.403589
0.723728	1.40354
0.726653	1.40349
0.72959	1.403442
0.732539	1.403393
0.7355	1.403345
0.738472	1.403297
0.741457	1.40325
0.744454	1.403203
0.747463	1.403156
0.750484	1.40311
0.753517	1.403064
0.756563	1.403018
0.759621	1.402973
0.762691	1.402928
0.765774	1.402883
0.768869	1.402839
0.771977	1.402795
0.775097	1.402751
0.77823	1.402708
0.781375	1.402665
0.784533	1.402622
0.787704	1.40258
0.790888	1.402538
0.794085	1.402496
0.797294	1.402455
0.800517	1.402414
0.803752	1.402373
0.807001	1.402332
0.810263	1.402292
0.813538	1.402252
0.816826	1.402212
0.820127	1.402173
0.823442	1.402133
0.82677	1.402094
0.830112	1.402056
0.833467	1.402017
0.836836	1.401979
0.840218	1.401942
0.843614	1.401904
0.847024	1.401867
0.850447	1.40183
0.853885	1.401793
0.857336	1.401756
0.860801	1.40172
0.86428	1.401684
0.867774	1.401648
0.871281	1.401613
0.874803	1.401577
0.878338	1.401542
0.881888	1.401507
0.885453	1.401473
0.889032	1.401438
0.892625	1.401404
0.896233	1.40137
0.899855	1.401336
0.903492	1.401303
0.907144	1.401269
0.910811	1.401236
0.914492	1.401204
0.918188	1.401171
0.921899	1.401138
0.925626	1.401106
0.929367	1.401074
0.933123	1.401042
0.936895	1.401011
0.940681	1.400979
0.944483	1.400948
0.948301	1.400917
0.952134	1.400886
0.955982	1.400855
0.959846	1.400825
0.963726	1.400794
0.967621	1.400764
0.971532	1.400734
0.975458	1.400704
0.979401	1.400675
0.98336	1.400645
0.987334	1.400616
0.991325	1.400587
0.995332	1.400558
0.999355	1.400529
1.00339	1.4005
1.00745	1.400472
1.01152	1.400444
1.01561	1.400415
1.01971	1.400387
1.02384	1.40036
1.02797	1.400332
1.03213	1.400304
1.0363	1.400277
1.04049	1.40025
1.04469	1.400222
1.04892	1.400195
1.05316	1.400168
1.05741	1.400142
1.06169	1.400115
1.06598	1.400089
1.07029	1.400062
1.07461	1.400036
1.07896	1.40001
1.08332	1.399984
1.0877	1.399958
1.09209	1.399932
1.09651	1.399907
1.10094	1.399881
1.10539	1.399856
1.10986	1.39983
1.11434	1.399805
1.11885	1.39978
1.12337	1.399755
1.12791	1.39973
1.13247	1.399705
1.13704	1.399681
1.14164	1.399656
1.14625	1.399632
1.15089	1.399607
1.15554	1.399583
1.16021	1.399559
1.1649	1.399535
1.16961	1.39951
1.17433	1.399486
1.17908	1.399463
1.18385	1.399439
1.18863	1.399415
1.19344	1.399391
1.19826	1.399368
1.2031	1.399344
1.20797	1.399321
1.21285	1.399297
1.21775	1.399274
1.22267	1.399251
1.22761	1.399228
1.23258	1.399204
1.23756	1.399181
1.24256	1.399158
1.24758	1.399135
1.25262	1.399112
1.25769	1.399089
1.26277	1.399067
1.26787	1.399044
1.273	1.399021
1.27814	1.398998
1.28331	1.398976
1.2885	1.398953
1.2937	1.39893
1.29893	1.398908
1.30418	1.398885
1.30945	1.398863
1.31475	1.39884
1.32006	1.398818
1.3254	1.398795
1.33075	1.398773
1.33613	1.39875
1.34153	1.398728
1.34696	1.398706
1.3524	1.398683
1.35787	1.398661
1.36335	1.398638
1.36886	1.398616
1.3744	1.398594
1.37995	1.398571
1.38553	1.398549
1.39113	1.398527
1.39675	1.398504
1.4024	1.398482
1.40807	1.398459
1.41376	1.398437
1.41947	1.398415
1.42521	1.398392
1.43097	1.39837
1.43675	1.398347
1.44256	1.398325
1.44839	1.398302
1.45424	1.398279
1.46012	1.398257
1.46602	1.398234
1.47195	1.398211
1.4779	1.398189
1.48387	1.398166
1.48987	1.398143
1.49589	1.39812
1.50194	1.398097
1.50801	1.398074
1.5141	1.398051
1.52022	1.398028
1.52637	1.398005
1.53254	1.397981
1.53873	1.397958
1.54495	1.397935
1.55119	1.397911
1.55746	1.397888
1.56376	1.397864
1.57008	1.39784
1.57643	1.397816
1.5828	1.397792
1.58919	1.397768
1.59562	1.397744
1.60207	1.39772
1.60854	1.397695
1.61504	1.397671
1.62157	1.397646
1.62813	1.397622
1.63471	1.397597
1.64131	1.397572
1.64795	1.397547
1.65461	1.397521
1.6613	1.397496
1.66801	1.397471
1.67475	1.397445
1.68152	1.397419
1.68832	1.397393
1.69514	1.397367
1.70199	1.397341
1.70887	1.397314
1.71578	1.397287
1.72271	1.397261
1.72968	1.397234
1.73667	1.397206
1.74369	1.397179
1.75074	1.397151
1.75781	1.397123
1.76492	1.397095
1.77205	1.397067
1.77921	1.397039
1.7864	1.39701
1.79362	1.396981
1.80087	1.396952
1.80815	1.396922
1.81546	1.396893
1.8228	1.396863
1.83017	1.396832
1.83756	1.396802
1.84499	1.396771
1.85245	1.39674
1.85993	1.396709
1.86745	1.396677
1.875	1.396645
1.88258	1.396613
1.89019	1.39658
1.89783	1.396547
1.9055	1.396514
1.9132	1.39648
1.92093	1.396446
1.9287	1.396412
1.93649	1.396377
1.94432	1.396342
1.95218	1.396306
1.96007	1.39627
1.96799	1.396234
1.97594	1.396197
1.98393	1.39616
1.99195	1.396122
2	1.396084

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

C₄H₈O (Tetrahydrofuran, THF): all datasets

About C4H8O (Tetrahydrofuran, THF)

Tetrahydrofuran (C₄H₈O), commonly referred to as THF, is a cyclic ether that appears as a clear, colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. It is highly volatile, water-miscible, and has a low viscosity, which makes it an excellent solvent for a wide variety of organic substances, including resins, polymers, and some metals. THF is particularly crucial in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) piping and adhesives due to its ability to dissolve PVC without reacting with it. It is also widely used as a precursor to polymers and as a reaction medium in organic synthesis. Due to its rapid evaporation rate and excellent solvency, THF is often employed in specialized applications in both laboratory and industrial settings. However, it poses significant health risks if inhaled, ingested, or contacted with skin, necessitating careful handling.

More about C4H8O (Tetrahydrofuran, THF) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/organic/C4H8O - tetrahydrofuran/nk/Chang.yml
ID: ds_eae370a4d792
API: /v1/datasets/ds_eae370a4d792

Plot