Optical constants

Refractive index of VC (Vanadium carbide)

Pflüger et al. 1984: n,k 0.0311–2.48 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.03107–2.48 µm
Points: 52
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 2.96572
Extinction coefficient k: 2.43185

Permittivity ε₁: 2.88156
Permittivity ε₂: 14.4244

Absorption coefficient α: 520075 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 38.456 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: 1.37097 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 2.16014
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# VC (Vanadium carbide): Pflüger et al. 1984: n,k 0.0311–2.48 µm
vc = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "VC", "Pfluger", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(vc.range_nm)  # (31.07, 2479.7) nm
eps = vc.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_faad79accea6/lightsmith"
vc = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(vc.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (vc/pfluger-1984).

# ... load vc as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=vc)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

VC_0.88. Room temperature.

References

1) J. Pflüger, J. Fink. Determination of optical constants by high-energy, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), in Handbook of optical constants of solids II, Edward D. Palik, ed. Academic Press, 1991. pp. 293-310
2) J. Pflüger, J. Fink, W. Weber, K. P. Bohnen, G. Crecelius. Dielectric properties of TiC_x, TiN_x, VC_x, and VN_x from 1.5 to 40 eV determined by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 30, 1155-1163 (1984)

doi:10.1103/physrevb.30.1155 Dielectric properties of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiC</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiN</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">VC</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">VN</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> from 1.5 to 40 eV determined by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, Physical Review B (1984)

Cite

J. Pflüger, J. Fink, W. Weber, K. P. Bohnen and G. Crecelius. Dielectric properties of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiC</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiN</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">VC</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">VN</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> from 1.5 to 40 eV determined by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Physical Review B, 30, 1155-1163 (1984), doi:10.1103/physrevb.30.1155; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

52 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

VC (Vanadium carbide), Pflüger et al. 1984: n,k 0.0311–2.48 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.03107	0.837	0.0642
0.03179	0.83	0.0589
0.03263	0.814	0.0576
0.03351	0.795	0.0633
0.03444	0.776	0.0727
0.03542	0.76	0.0857
0.03646	0.742	0.0982
0.03757	0.725	0.113
0.03874	0.706	0.129
0.03999	0.687	0.152
0.04133	0.668	0.172
0.04275	0.645	0.199
0.04428	0.623	0.231
0.04592	0.601	0.268
0.04768	0.582	0.316
0.04959	0.564	0.371
0.05166	0.56	0.433
0.0539	0.561	0.499
0.05635	0.578	0.568
0.05904	0.606	0.633
0.06199	0.637	0.686
0.06525	0.665	0.73
0.06888	0.689	0.799
0.07293	0.728	0.872
0.07749	0.803	0.933
0.08265	0.857	0.958
0.08856	0.904	0.996
0.09537	0.956	1.0
0.1033	0.917	0.99
0.1078	0.858	1.04
0.1127	0.82	1.14
0.1181	0.827	1.28
0.124	0.865	1.41
0.1305	0.958	1.51
0.1378	1.07	1.59
0.1459	1.13	1.64
0.155	1.22	1.73
0.1653	1.32	1.83
0.1771	1.42	1.92
0.1907	1.62	1.97
0.2066	1.74	2.0
0.2254	1.86	2.04
0.248	2.04	2.13
0.2755	2.27	2.18
0.31	2.47	2.15
0.3542	2.59	2.12
0.4133	2.77	2.16
0.4959	2.84	2.21
0.6199	3.01	2.51
0.8266	3.37	2.88
1.2399	3.66	3.42
2.4797	4.86	5.34

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

VC (Vanadium carbide): all datasets

Pflüger et al. 1984: n,k 0.0311–2.48 µm n,k 0.03107–2.48 µm default

About VC (Vanadium carbide)

Vanadium carbide (VC) is a hard, refractory ceramic compound composed of vanadium and carbon. It is an extremely hard material, with a hardness value that can rival that of diamond. This makes it a valuable additive in tool steels, where it provides increased wear resistance. Furthermore, VC can be used as a grain growth inhibitor, preventing grains from growing too large during the heat-treating process, which can be beneficial in achieving desired material properties in metallurgical applications. Additionally, vanadium carbide can also be found in coatings, often applied through processes like physical vapor deposition (PVD) to provide wear resistance in tools and parts.

More about VC (Vanadium carbide) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/VC/nk/Pfluger.yml
ID: ds_faad79accea6
API: /v1/datasets/ds_faad79accea6

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