Optical constants

Refractive index of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (Yttrium aluminium garnet, YAG)

Zelmon et al. 1998: n 0.4–5.0 µm

Data: formula 2
Range: 0.4–5 µm
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.83278
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 3.3591
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 52.575
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0817095 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.8808
Group velocity dispersion: 146.227 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -797.747 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Y3Al5O12 (Yttrium aluminium garnet, YAG): Zelmon et al. 1998: n 0.4–5.0 µm
y3al5o12 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Y3Al5O12", "Zelmon", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(y3al5o12.range_nm)  # (400, 5000) nm
eps = y3al5o12.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_73211dae4430/lightsmith"
y3al5o12 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(y3al5o12.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (y3al5o12/zelmon-1998).

# ... load y3al5o12 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=y3al5o12)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_73211dae4430/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
y3al5o12_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (C in µm²) (formula 2), λ in µm

n^{2} - 1 = \frac{2.282 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - 0.01185} + \frac{3.27644 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - 282.734}

Valid from 0.4 to 5.0 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.0
C2	2.282
C3	0.01185
C4	3.27644
C5	282.734

References

D. E. Zelmon, D. L. Small and R. Page. Refractive-index measurements of undoped yttrium aluminum garnet from 0.4 to 5.0 μm. Appl. Opt. 37, 4933-4935 (1998)

doi:10.1364/ao.37.004933 Refractive-index measurements of undoped yttrium aluminum garnet from 04 to 50 μm, Applied Optics (1998)

Cite

David E. Zelmon, David L. Small and Ralph Page. Refractive-index measurements of undoped yttrium aluminum garnet from 04 to 50 μm. Applied Optics, 37, 4933 (1998), doi:10.1364/ao.37.004933; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Y3Al5O12 (Yttrium aluminium garnet, YAG), Zelmon et al. 1998: n 0.4–5.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.4	1.860826
0.40254	1.860154
0.405096	1.859491
0.407669	1.858838
0.410258	1.858193
0.412863	1.857558
0.415485	1.856931
0.418123	1.856313
0.420778	1.855703
0.42345	1.855102
0.426139	1.854509
0.428845	1.853924
0.431569	1.853347
0.434309	1.852778
0.437067	1.852217
0.439843	1.851663
0.442636	1.851117
0.445446	1.850578
0.448275	1.850046
0.451122	1.849522
0.453987	1.849005
0.456869	1.848494
0.459771	1.847991
0.46269	1.847494
0.465628	1.847004
0.468585	1.84652
0.471561	1.846043
0.474555	1.845572
0.477569	1.845107
0.480602	1.844648
0.483654	1.844196
0.486725	1.843749
0.489816	1.843308
0.492926	1.842873
0.496056	1.842444
0.499206	1.84202
0.502376	1.841602
0.505567	1.841189
0.508777	1.840781
0.512008	1.840379
0.515259	1.839982
0.518531	1.83959
0.521824	1.839203
0.525138	1.838821
0.528473	1.838444
0.531829	1.838072
0.535206	1.837704
0.538604	1.837341
0.542025	1.836982
0.545467	1.836629
0.548931	1.836279
0.552416	1.835934
0.555924	1.835593
0.559455	1.835257
0.563007	1.834924
0.566582	1.834596
0.57018	1.834272
0.573801	1.833952
0.577445	1.833635
0.581112	1.833323
0.584802	1.833014
0.588516	1.832709
0.592253	1.832408
0.596014	1.832111
0.599799	1.831817
0.603607	1.831526
0.607441	1.831239
0.611298	1.830956
0.61518	1.830676
0.619086	1.830399
0.623018	1.830125
0.626974	1.829855
0.630955	1.829587
0.634962	1.829323
0.638994	1.829062
0.643052	1.828804
0.647136	1.828549
0.651245	1.828297
0.655381	1.828048
0.659542	1.827801
0.663731	1.827558
0.667945	1.827317
0.672187	1.827079
0.676456	1.826843
0.680751	1.82661
0.685074	1.82638
0.689424	1.826152
0.693802	1.825927
0.698208	1.825704
0.702642	1.825483
0.707104	1.825265
0.711594	1.825049
0.716113	1.824836
0.720661	1.824624
0.725237	1.824415
0.729842	1.824209
0.734477	1.824004
0.739141	1.823801
0.743835	1.823601
0.748558	1.823402
0.753312	1.823206
0.758096	1.823011
0.76291	1.822819
0.767754	1.822628
0.77263	1.822439
0.777536	1.822252
0.782474	1.822067
0.787442	1.821883
0.792443	1.821702
0.797475	1.821522
0.802539	1.821343
0.807636	1.821167
0.812764	1.820992
0.817925	1.820818
0.823119	1.820646
0.828346	1.820476
0.833607	1.820307
0.8389	1.820139
0.844227	1.819973
0.849588	1.819809
0.854984	1.819645
0.860413	1.819483
0.865877	1.819323
0.871375	1.819164
0.876909	1.819006
0.882477	1.818849
0.888081	1.818693
0.893721	1.818539
0.899396	1.818385
0.905107	1.818233
0.910855	1.818082
0.916639	1.817932
0.92246	1.817784
0.928318	1.817636
0.934213	1.817489
0.940145	1.817343
0.946115	1.817198
0.952123	1.817054
0.95817	1.816911
0.964254	1.816769
0.970377	1.816627
0.97654	1.816487
0.982741	1.816347
0.988981	1.816208
0.995262	1.81607
1.00158	1.815933
1.00794	1.815796
1.01434	1.81566
1.02078	1.815525
1.02727	1.81539
1.03379	1.815256
1.04035	1.815123
1.04696	1.81499
1.05361	1.814858
1.0603	1.814726
1.06703	1.814594
1.07381	1.814464
1.08063	1.814333
1.08749	1.814204
1.0944	1.814074
1.10135	1.813945
1.10834	1.813817
1.11538	1.813688
1.12246	1.81356
1.12959	1.813433
1.13676	1.813305
1.14398	1.813178
1.15124	1.813052
1.15856	1.812925
1.16591	1.812799
1.17332	1.812673
1.18077	1.812547
1.18827	1.812421
1.19581	1.812295
1.2034	1.81217
1.21105	1.812044
1.21874	1.811919
1.22648	1.811793
1.23426	1.811668
1.2421	1.811542
1.24999	1.811417
1.25793	1.811292
1.26592	1.811166
1.27395	1.811041
1.28204	1.810915
1.29019	1.810789
1.29838	1.810663
1.30662	1.810537
1.31492	1.810411
1.32327	1.810285
1.33167	1.810158
1.34013	1.810031
1.34864	1.809904
1.35721	1.809776
1.36582	1.809648
1.3745	1.80952
1.38323	1.809392
1.39201	1.809263
1.40085	1.809133
1.40974	1.809004
1.4187	1.808874
1.42771	1.808743
1.43677	1.808612
1.4459	1.80848
1.45508	1.808348
1.46432	1.808216
1.47362	1.808082
1.48297	1.807948
1.49239	1.807814
1.50187	1.807679
1.51141	1.807543
1.521	1.807407
1.53066	1.807269
1.54038	1.807132
1.55016	1.806993
1.56001	1.806853
1.56991	1.806713
1.57988	1.806572
1.58992	1.80643
1.60001	1.806287
1.61017	1.806144
1.6204	1.805999
1.63069	1.805854
1.64104	1.805707
1.65146	1.805559
1.66195	1.805411
1.6725	1.805261
1.68313	1.805111
1.69381	1.804959
1.70457	1.804806
1.71539	1.804652
1.72629	1.804497
1.73725	1.80434
1.74828	1.804183
1.75938	1.804024
1.77056	1.803863
1.7818	1.803702
1.79311	1.803539
1.8045	1.803375
1.81596	1.803209
1.82749	1.803042
1.8391	1.802874
1.85078	1.802704
1.86253	1.802532
1.87436	1.802359
1.88626	1.802185
1.89824	1.802008
1.91029	1.80183
1.92242	1.801651
1.93463	1.80147
1.94691	1.801287
1.95928	1.801102
1.97172	1.800916
1.98424	1.800727
1.99684	1.800537
2.00952	1.800345
2.02228	1.800151
2.03512	1.799955
2.04805	1.799757
2.06105	1.799557
2.07414	1.799355
2.08731	1.799151
2.10057	1.798945
2.11391	1.798736
2.12733	1.798526
2.14084	1.798313
2.15443	1.798097
2.16812	1.79788
2.18188	1.79766
2.19574	1.797438
2.20968	1.797213
2.22371	1.796986
2.23784	1.796756
2.25205	1.796524
2.26635	1.796289
2.28074	1.796051
2.29522	1.795811
2.3098	1.795568
2.32447	1.795322
2.33923	1.795074
2.35408	1.794822
2.36903	1.794568
2.38407	1.79431
2.39921	1.79405
2.41445	1.793787
2.42978	1.79352
2.44521	1.79325
2.46074	1.792977
2.47636	1.792701
2.49209	1.792422
2.50792	1.792139
2.52384	1.791853
2.53987	1.791563
2.556	1.79127
2.57223	1.790973
2.58856	1.790672
2.605	1.790368
2.62154	1.79006
2.63819	1.789749
2.65494	1.789433
2.6718	1.789114
2.68877	1.78879
2.70584	1.788463
2.72303	1.788131
2.74032	1.787795
2.75772	1.787455
2.77523	1.787111
2.79286	1.786762
2.81059	1.786409
2.82844	1.786051
2.8464	1.785689
2.86447	1.785322
2.88266	1.78495
2.90097	1.784573
2.91939	1.784192
2.93793	1.783806
2.95659	1.783414
2.97536	1.783018
2.99426	1.782616
3.01327	1.782209
3.03241	1.781797
3.05166	1.78138
3.07104	1.780956
3.09054	1.780528
3.11017	1.780093
3.12992	1.779653
3.14979	1.779207
3.1698	1.778755
3.18993	1.778297
3.21018	1.777832
3.23057	1.777362
3.25108	1.776885
3.27173	1.776402
3.2925	1.775912
3.31341	1.775416
3.33445	1.774912
3.35563	1.774402
3.37694	1.773885
3.39838	1.773361
3.41996	1.77283
3.44168	1.772291
3.46353	1.771745
3.48553	1.771192
3.50766	1.770631
3.52994	1.770062
3.55235	1.769485
3.57491	1.7689
3.59761	1.768307
3.62046	1.767706
3.64345	1.767096
3.66658	1.766477
3.68987	1.76585
3.7133	1.765215
3.73688	1.76457
3.76061	1.763916
3.78449	1.763253
3.80852	1.76258
3.83271	1.761898
3.85705	1.761206
3.88154	1.760504
3.90619	1.759792
3.93099	1.75907
3.95596	1.758337
3.98108	1.757594
4.00636	1.75684
4.0318	1.756075
4.0574	1.755299
4.08317	1.754512
4.1091	1.753713
4.13519	1.752902
4.16145	1.75208
4.18788	1.751245
4.21447	1.750399
4.24123	1.749539
4.26817	1.748667
4.29527	1.747782
4.32255	1.746884
4.34999	1.745973
4.37762	1.745047
4.40542	1.744108
4.43339	1.743155
4.46155	1.742188
4.48988	1.741205
4.51839	1.740208
4.54708	1.739196
4.57596	1.738168
4.60502	1.737125
4.63426	1.736066
4.66369	1.73499
4.6933	1.733898
4.72311	1.732789
4.7531	1.731663
4.78328	1.730519
4.81366	1.729358
4.84422	1.728178
4.87499	1.72698
4.90594	1.725763
4.9371	1.724527
4.96845	1.723271
5	1.721996

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (Yttrium aluminium garnet, YAG): all datasets

About Y3Al5O12 (Yttrium aluminium garnet, YAG)

Yttrium aluminium garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂, YAG) is a synthetic crystalline material frequently employed in a variety of applications. It possesses a unique combination of high thermal stability, mechanical robustness, and optical clarity, making it particularly desirable for high-performance environments. In the realm of optics and photonics, YAG is often used as the host crystal in solid-state lasers, most notably the Nd:YAG laser where the YAG crystal is doped with neodymium. These lasers are employed in a range of settings, from medical procedures to material processing. Additionally, undoped YAG is a common substrate for various thin-film applications, given its compatibility with high-temperature deposition processes. In the lighting sector, YAG, when doped with cerium, is used as a phosphor in white LED technology.

More about Y3Al5O12 (Yttrium aluminium garnet, YAG) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/Y3Al5O12/nk/Zelmon.yml
ID: ds_73211dae4430
API: /v1/datasets/ds_73211dae4430

Plot