Optical constants

Refractive index of Al (Aluminium)

Rakić 1995: n,k 0.000124–200 µm

Data
tabulated nk
Range
0.000124–200 µm
Points
206
Licence
CC0-1.0
Lightsmith
bundled

Plot

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Range 0.000124–200 µm
Refractive index n
1.19781
Extinction coefficient k
7.0488
Permittivity ε1
-48.2509
Permittivity ε2
16.8863
Absorption coefficient α
1.50745e+06 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
13.2674 nm
Abbe number Vd
—
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
5.20227 µm⁻¹
Group index ng
-1.85904
Group velocity dispersion
— fs²/mm
Dispersion parameter D
— ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy
2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls

# Al (Aluminium): Rakić 1995: n,k 0.000124–200 µm
al = ls.LibraryMaterial(name="Al", dataset="Rakic-1995")
print(al.range_nm)  # (0.12399, 200000) nm
eps = al.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Ships with the library: works offline.

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

\Optical and electron-energy-loss data for evaporated-aluminum films have been critically analyzed and used in an iterative, self-consistent algorithm that represents a combination of the Kramers-Kronig analysis and the semiquantum-model application.""

References

A. D. Rakić. Algorithm for the determination of intrinsic optical constants of metal films: application to aluminum. Appl. Opt. 34, 4755-4767 (1995)
  • doi:10.1364/ao.34.004755 Algorithm for the determination of intrinsic optical constants of metal films: application to aluminum, Applied Optics (1995)

Cite

Aleksandar D. Rakić. Algorithm for the determination of intrinsic optical constants of metal films: application to aluminum. Applied Optics, 34, 4755 (1995), doi:10.1364/ao.34.004755; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

206 rows as published
Al (Aluminium), Rakić 1995: n,k 0.000124–200 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)nk
0.000123990.99999468.241e-08
0.000130510.9999941.272e-07
0.000137760.9999931.2488e-07
0.000154980.9999911.9173e-07
0.000177120.9999893.1463e-07
0.000206640.9999845.5102e-07
0.000247970.999981.0726e-06
0.000309960.999972.4843e-06
0.000354240.999954.0484e-06
0.000413280.999947.1408e-06
0.000495940.999911.3642e-05
0.000619930.999873.2079e-05
0.000652550.999863.8497e-05
0.000688810.999854.7138e-05
0.000729320.999845.7974e-05
0.000740210.999846.1633e-05
0.000777340.999867.4862e-05
0.000784720.999877.848e-05
0.000792740.99998.5418e-05
0.000793760.999927.1847e-05
0.000794780.999934.9998e-05
0.000795290.999924.1131e-05
0.00079580.999923.2911e-05
0.000797850.999912.3687e-05
0.000798870.999911.1026e-05
0.00079990.999896.0484e-06
0.00080510.999876.1901e-06
0.000815690.999856.4818e-06
0.000826570.999836.8049e-06
0.000855070.999817.8422e-06
0.000885610.999798.94e-06
0.000953730.999741.1636e-05
0.00103320.999681.5628e-05
0.00112710.999612.1586e-05
0.00123990.999533.1115e-05
0.00137760.99944.6771e-05
0.00154980.999247.2992e-05
0.00177120.998980.00011811
0.00206640.99860.00022001
0.00247970.997970.00043503
0.00309960.996940.00096887
0.00413280.99480.0023492
0.00495940.993130.0041863
0.00619930.991110.0075099
0.00652550.990540.0084716
0.00688810.990070.0096517
0.00729320.989090.010987
0.00774910.989120.013728
0.00826570.989660.014773
0.00855070.989340.015437
0.00885610.988830.016304
0.00918410.987930.017765
0.00953730.987610.020606
0.00991880.989410.023421
0.0103320.991390.024063
0.0107810.992330.024928
0.0112710.994150.025452
0.0118080.992850.024415
0.0123990.991230.02992
0.0126520.992650.033061
0.0129150.996520.035883
0.013191.00120.035311
0.0134771.00410.033392
0.0137761.00580.030918
0.0140891.0060.028956
0.0144171.00650.028232
0.014761.00740.026826
0.015121.00770.02546
0.0154981.00750.024476
0.0156941.00750.024501
0.0158961.00780.024757
0.0161021.00950.02518
0.0163141.01060.023853
0.0164221.0110.023955
0.0165311.01180.02402
0.0166421.01320.024343
0.0167551.01510.024184
0.0167771.01560.024228
0.01681.01610.024282
0.0168231.01670.024375
0.0168461.01730.024499
0.0168691.01810.024831
0.0168921.01940.025432
0.0169151.02190.026018
0.0169381.02590.024227
0.0169611.02620.019564
0.0169841.02460.019145
0.0170081.02550.020012
0.0170311.03050.020072
0.0170541.03490.012476
0.0170781.03050.0041164
0.0171011.02490.0036218
0.0171251.02260.0034141
0.0171491.02060.00344
0.0171721.01920.0034767
0.0171961.01790.0034877
0.0172081.01740.0035108
0.017221.01690.0035249
0.0174631.01080.0034957
0.0177121.0070.0035425
0.0182331.00190.003673
0.0187860.997910.0038926
0.0193730.994570.0041092
0.0199980.991430.0042397
0.0206640.988270.0043696
0.0225430.979980.0050004
0.0247970.970480.0057469
0.0275520.958340.0066191
0.0309960.941890.0078466
0.0354240.918020.0093121
0.0413280.880130.011651
0.0495940.815120.015894
0.0619930.679120.02234
0.0652550.632420.02477
0.0688810.572510.027681
0.0729320.491310.032409
0.0774910.371970.044202
0.0784720.340310.04832
0.0794780.303730.053349
0.079990.282710.056697
0.080510.259360.061407
0.0810360.233440.068348
0.0815690.205690.079959
0.0821090.179430.094223
0.0826570.150650.11041
0.0837740.0945170.16589
0.0849210.0670410.2342
0.0861010.0548630.29293
0.0885610.0441680.39115
0.0953730.0364370.59086
0.103320.0357530.77163
0.112710.0384680.95677
0.123990.0463041.1555
0.137760.0571671.3775
0.154980.0725051.6366
0.177120.0942361.9519
0.206640.126772.3563
0.247970.181372.9029
0.309960.280033.7081
0.326280.314743.9165
0.364660.398774.3957
0.413280.521355.0008
0.44280.60795.3676
0.476870.72785.7781
0.51660.87346.2418
0.563571.07286.7839
0.619931.3667.4052
0.652251.57247.7354
0.688811.83018.0601
0.729322.16068.3565
0.774912.61548.4914
0.794782.76758.3866
0.815692.76688.2573
0.837742.69458.1878
0.885612.28028.1134
0.911661.97398.3058
0.939281.67848.597
0.968631.48679.0655
0.999881.43599.4939
1.03321.39989.8914
1.12711.328110.969
1.23991.315712.245
1.37761.389913.784
1.54981.578215.656
1.77121.920517.991
2.06642.473820.982
2.47973.337225.004
2.75523.93827.58
3.09964.709730.737
3.26285.073532.183
3.4445.490333.814
3.64665.956435.608
3.87456.480837.595
4.13287.079639.826
4.4287.775742.367
4.76878.588145.257
5.1669.55848.593
5.635710.74252.518
6.199312.19557.156
6.888114.08862.841
7.749116.75569.857
8.856120.83778.274
10.33226.21688.197
12.39933.519101.28
13.77638.461108.96
15.49843.775118.39
17.71250.951129.49
19.07554.413136.09
20.66458.58144.23
22.54363.554153.45
24.79768.535164.81
27.55275.748181.78
30.99691.955199.99
33.333102.1208.1
40.0125.14230.19
44.444140.05243.43
50.0157.3258.26
57.144177.93275.34
66.666202.63295.42
80.001233.56321.08
99.996274.38354.35
125.0318.81391.71
137.76339.62408.92
153.85364.04429.62
177.12397.93458.5
200.0423.96483.7

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence
Method
Transmittance T
—
Reflectance R
—

Fresnel reflection calculator

Direction
Rp
—
Rs
—
R = (Rp+Rs)/2
—
Phase φp
—
Phase φs
—
Brewster angle θB
—
Critical angle θC
—