Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.34968
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 1.82163
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 53.696
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0333629 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.36928
Group velocity dispersion: 63.528 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -346.579 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Blood: Liu et al. 2019: n 0.400–0.750 µm
blood = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("other", "blood", "Liu", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(blood.range_nm)  # (400, 750) nm
eps = blood.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_9d73f9a62d2e/lightsmith"
blood = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(blood.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (blood/liu-2019).

# ... load blood as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=blood)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=750, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_9d73f9a62d2e/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
blood_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (C in µm²) (formula 2), λ in µm

n^{2} - 1 = \frac{0.796 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - 0.010772}

Valid from 0.4 to 0.75 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.0
C2	0.796
C3	0.010772

Comments and conditions

The second term of the Sellmeier equation presented in the original publication apparently contains an error and was omitted. The single-term equation reproduces the plot shown in Fig. 3(a) of the paper.

References

S. Liu, Z. Deng, J. Li, J. Wang, N. Huang, R. Cui, Q. Zhang, J. Mei, W. Zhou, C. Zhang, Q. Ye, J. Tian. Measurement of the refractive index of whole blood and its components for a continuous spectral region. J. Biomed. Opt. 24, 035003 (2019)

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.035003 Measurement of the refractive index of whole blood and its components for a continuous spectral region, Journal of Biomedical Optics (2019)

Cite

Shike Liu et al.. Measurement of the refractive index of whole blood and its components for a continuous spectral region. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 24, 1-5 (2019), doi:10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.035003; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Blood, Liu et al. 2019: n 0.400–0.750 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.4	1.361418
0.400631	1.361347
0.401262	1.361276
0.401895	1.361205
0.402529	1.361135
0.403163	1.361065
0.403799	1.360995
0.404436	1.360925
0.405073	1.360856
0.405712	1.360787
0.406352	1.360718
0.406992	1.360649
0.407634	1.360581
0.408277	1.360512
0.408921	1.360444
0.409565	1.360377
0.410211	1.360309
0.410858	1.360242
0.411506	1.360175
0.412155	1.360108
0.412804	1.360042
0.413455	1.359975
0.414107	1.359909
0.41476	1.359843
0.415414	1.359778
0.416069	1.359712
0.416725	1.359647
0.417382	1.359582
0.41804	1.359518
0.418699	1.359453
0.419359	1.359389
0.420021	1.359325
0.420683	1.359261
0.421346	1.359198
0.422011	1.359134
0.422676	1.359071
0.423342	1.359008
0.42401	1.358946
0.424678	1.358883
0.425348	1.358821
0.426019	1.358759
0.42669	1.358697
0.427363	1.358635
0.428037	1.358574
0.428712	1.358513
0.429388	1.358452
0.430065	1.358391
0.430743	1.358331
0.431422	1.35827
0.432102	1.35821
0.432783	1.35815
0.433466	1.358091
0.434149	1.358031
0.434834	1.357972
0.435519	1.357913
0.436206	1.357854
0.436894	1.357795
0.437583	1.357737
0.438273	1.357679
0.438964	1.357621
0.439656	1.357563
0.440349	1.357505
0.441043	1.357448
0.441739	1.357391
0.442435	1.357334
0.443133	1.357277
0.443831	1.35722
0.444531	1.357164
0.445232	1.357107
0.445934	1.357051
0.446637	1.356996
0.447341	1.35694
0.448047	1.356884
0.448753	1.356829
0.449461	1.356774
0.450169	1.356719
0.450879	1.356664
0.45159	1.35661
0.452302	1.356556
0.453015	1.356501
0.45373	1.356447
0.454445	1.356394
0.455161	1.35634
0.455879	1.356287
0.456598	1.356233
0.457318	1.35618
0.458039	1.356128
0.458761	1.356075
0.459484	1.356022
0.460209	1.35597
0.460935	1.355918
0.461661	1.355866
0.462389	1.355814
0.463118	1.355763
0.463848	1.355711
0.46458	1.35566
0.465312	1.355609
0.466046	1.355558
0.466781	1.355507
0.467517	1.355457
0.468254	1.355407
0.468992	1.355356
0.469732	1.355306
0.470472	1.355256
0.471214	1.355207
0.471957	1.355157
0.472701	1.355108
0.473446	1.355059
0.474193	1.35501
0.474941	1.354961
0.475689	1.354912
0.476439	1.354864
0.477191	1.354815
0.477943	1.354767
0.478697	1.354719
0.479451	1.354671
0.480207	1.354624
0.480964	1.354576
0.481723	1.354529
0.482482	1.354482
0.483243	1.354435
0.484005	1.354388
0.484768	1.354341
0.485532	1.354295
0.486298	1.354248
0.487065	1.354202
0.487833	1.354156
0.488602	1.35411
0.489372	1.354064
0.490144	1.354019
0.490917	1.353973
0.491691	1.353928
0.492466	1.353883
0.493242	1.353838
0.49402	1.353793
0.494799	1.353748
0.495579	1.353704
0.496361	1.35366
0.497143	1.353615
0.497927	1.353571
0.498712	1.353527
0.499498	1.353484
0.500286	1.35344
0.501075	1.353396
0.501865	1.353353
0.502656	1.35331
0.503449	1.353267
0.504242	1.353224
0.505037	1.353181
0.505834	1.353139
0.506631	1.353096
0.50743	1.353054
0.50823	1.353012
0.509032	1.35297
0.509834	1.352928
0.510638	1.352886
0.511443	1.352845
0.51225	1.352803
0.513057	1.352762
0.513866	1.352721
0.514676	1.35268
0.515488	1.352639
0.516301	1.352598
0.517115	1.352557
0.51793	1.352517
0.518747	1.352476
0.519564	1.352436
0.520384	1.352396
0.521204	1.352356
0.522026	1.352316
0.522849	1.352277
0.523673	1.352237
0.524499	1.352198
0.525326	1.352159
0.526154	1.352119
0.526984	1.35208
0.527815	1.352042
0.528647	1.352003
0.529481	1.351964
0.530315	1.351926
0.531152	1.351887
0.531989	1.351849
0.532828	1.351811
0.533668	1.351773
0.534509	1.351735
0.535352	1.351698
0.536196	1.35166
0.537042	1.351622
0.537888	1.351585
0.538736	1.351548
0.539586	1.351511
0.540437	1.351474
0.541289	1.351437
0.542142	1.3514
0.542997	1.351364
0.543853	1.351327
0.544711	1.351291
0.54557	1.351255
0.54643	1.351219
0.547291	1.351183
0.548154	1.351147
0.549018	1.351111
0.549884	1.351075
0.550751	1.35104
0.551619	1.351005
0.552489	1.350969
0.55336	1.350934
0.554233	1.350899
0.555107	1.350864
0.555982	1.35083
0.556859	1.350795
0.557737	1.35076
0.558616	1.350726
0.559497	1.350692
0.560379	1.350657
0.561262	1.350623
0.562147	1.350589
0.563034	1.350555
0.563921	1.350522
0.564811	1.350488
0.565701	1.350454
0.566593	1.350421
0.567486	1.350388
0.568381	1.350355
0.569277	1.350321
0.570175	1.350288
0.571074	1.350256
0.571974	1.350223
0.572876	1.35019
0.573779	1.350158
0.574684	1.350125
0.57559	1.350093
0.576498	1.350061
0.577407	1.350029
0.578317	1.349997
0.579229	1.349965
0.580142	1.349933
0.581057	1.349901
0.581973	1.34987
0.582891	1.349838
0.58381	1.349807
0.58473	1.349776
0.585652	1.349744
0.586576	1.349713
0.5875	1.349682
0.588427	1.349652
0.589354	1.349621
0.590284	1.34959
0.591214	1.34956
0.592147	1.349529
0.59308	1.349499
0.594015	1.349469
0.594952	1.349439
0.59589	1.349408
0.596829	1.349379
0.597771	1.349349
0.598713	1.349319
0.599657	1.349289
0.600602	1.34926
0.601549	1.34923
0.602498	1.349201
0.603448	1.349172
0.604399	1.349143
0.605352	1.349114
0.606307	1.349085
0.607263	1.349056
0.60822	1.349027
0.609179	1.348998
0.61014	1.34897
0.611102	1.348941
0.612065	1.348913
0.61303	1.348885
0.613997	1.348856
0.614965	1.348828
0.615935	1.3488
0.616906	1.348772
0.617878	1.348745
0.618853	1.348717
0.619828	1.348689
0.620806	1.348662
0.621784	1.348634
0.622765	1.348607
0.623747	1.348579
0.62473	1.348552
0.625715	1.348525
0.626702	1.348498
0.62769	1.348471
0.62868	1.348444
0.629671	1.348418
0.630664	1.348391
0.631658	1.348364
0.632654	1.348338
0.633651	1.348312
0.63465	1.348285
0.635651	1.348259
0.636653	1.348233
0.637657	1.348207
0.638663	1.348181
0.63967	1.348155
0.640678	1.348129
0.641688	1.348104
0.6427	1.348078
0.643713	1.348052
0.644728	1.348027
0.645745	1.348002
0.646763	1.347976
0.647783	1.347951
0.648804	1.347926
0.649827	1.347901
0.650852	1.347876
0.651878	1.347851
0.652906	1.347826
0.653935	1.347802
0.654966	1.347777
0.655999	1.347752
0.657033	1.347728
0.658069	1.347704
0.659107	1.347679
0.660146	1.347655
0.661187	1.347631
0.662229	1.347607
0.663273	1.347583
0.664319	1.347559
0.665367	1.347535
0.666416	1.347511
0.667466	1.347488
0.668519	1.347464
0.669573	1.347441
0.670629	1.347417
0.671686	1.347394
0.672745	1.347371
0.673806	1.347347
0.674868	1.347324
0.675932	1.347301
0.676998	1.347278
0.678065	1.347255
0.679135	1.347232
0.680205	1.34721
0.681278	1.347187
0.682352	1.347164
0.683428	1.347142
0.684505	1.347119
0.685585	1.347097
0.686666	1.347075
0.687748	1.347053
0.688833	1.34703
0.689919	1.347008
0.691007	1.346986
0.692096	1.346964
0.693187	1.346942
0.69428	1.346921
0.695375	1.346899
0.696471	1.346877
0.697569	1.346856
0.698669	1.346834
0.699771	1.346813
0.700874	1.346791
0.701979	1.34677
0.703086	1.346749
0.704195	1.346728
0.705305	1.346706
0.706417	1.346685
0.707531	1.346664
0.708646	1.346644
0.709764	1.346623
0.710883	1.346602
0.712004	1.346581
0.713126	1.346561
0.714251	1.34654
0.715377	1.34652
0.716505	1.346499
0.717634	1.346479
0.718766	1.346459
0.719899	1.346438
0.721034	1.346418
0.722171	1.346398
0.72331	1.346378
0.72445	1.346358
0.725592	1.346338
0.726737	1.346318
0.727882	1.346299
0.72903	1.346279
0.730179	1.346259
0.731331	1.34624
0.732484	1.34622
0.733639	1.346201
0.734795	1.346181
0.735954	1.346162
0.737114	1.346143
0.738277	1.346124
0.739441	1.346104
0.740607	1.346085
0.741774	1.346066
0.742944	1.346047
0.744115	1.346029
0.745288	1.34601
0.746464	1.345991
0.747641	1.345972
0.748819	1.345954
0.75	1.345935

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Plot