Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.34738
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 1.81542
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 47.936
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0383894 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.36993
Group velocity dispersion: 61.2909 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -334.374 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Blood: Liu et al. 2019: Serum; n 0.400–0.750 µm
blood = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("other", "blood", "Liu-serum", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(blood.range_nm)  # (400, 750) nm
eps = blood.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_ba4ebfb110dd/lightsmith"
blood = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(blood.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (blood/liu-2019-serum).

# ... load blood as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=blood)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=750, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Cauchy (formula 5), λ in µm

n = 1.335 + 0.0046513 λ^{- 2.0} - 0.00013069 λ^{- 4.0}

Valid from 0.4 to 0.75 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	1.335
C2	0.0046513
C3	-2.0
C4	-0.00013069
C5	-4.0

References

S. Liu, Z. Deng, J. Li, J. Wang, N. Huang, R. Cui, Q. Zhang, J. Mei, W. Zhou, C. Zhang, Q. Ye, J. Tian. Measurement of the refractive index of whole blood and its components for a continuous spectral region. J. Biomed. Opt. 24, 035003 (2019)

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.035003 Measurement of the refractive index of whole blood and its components for a continuous spectral region, Journal of Biomedical Optics (2019)

Cite

Shike Liu et al.. Measurement of the refractive index of whole blood and its components for a continuous spectral region. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 24, 1-5 (2019), doi:10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.035003; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Blood, Liu et al. 2019: Serum; n 0.400–0.750 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.4	1.358966
0.400631	1.358906
0.401262	1.358847
0.401895	1.358788
0.402529	1.358729
0.403163	1.358669
0.403799	1.358611
0.404436	1.358552
0.405073	1.358493
0.405712	1.358434
0.406352	1.358376
0.406992	1.358317
0.407634	1.358259
0.408277	1.3582
0.408921	1.358142
0.409565	1.358084
0.410211	1.358026
0.410858	1.357968
0.411506	1.35791
0.412155	1.357852
0.412804	1.357795
0.413455	1.357737
0.414107	1.35768
0.41476	1.357622
0.415414	1.357565
0.416069	1.357508
0.416725	1.35745
0.417382	1.357393
0.41804	1.357336
0.418699	1.35728
0.419359	1.357223
0.420021	1.357166
0.420683	1.35711
0.421346	1.357053
0.422011	1.356997
0.422676	1.356941
0.423342	1.356884
0.42401	1.356828
0.424678	1.356772
0.425348	1.356716
0.426019	1.356661
0.42669	1.356605
0.427363	1.356549
0.428037	1.356494
0.428712	1.356438
0.429388	1.356383
0.430065	1.356328
0.430743	1.356273
0.431422	1.356218
0.432102	1.356163
0.432783	1.356108
0.433466	1.356053
0.434149	1.355999
0.434834	1.355944
0.435519	1.35589
0.436206	1.355835
0.436894	1.355781
0.437583	1.355727
0.438273	1.355673
0.438964	1.355619
0.439656	1.355565
0.440349	1.355511
0.441043	1.355458
0.441739	1.355404
0.442435	1.355351
0.443133	1.355298
0.443831	1.355244
0.444531	1.355191
0.445232	1.355138
0.445934	1.355085
0.446637	1.355032
0.447341	1.35498
0.448047	1.354927
0.448753	1.354875
0.449461	1.354822
0.450169	1.35477
0.450879	1.354718
0.45159	1.354665
0.452302	1.354613
0.453015	1.354562
0.45373	1.35451
0.454445	1.354458
0.455161	1.354406
0.455879	1.354355
0.456598	1.354304
0.457318	1.354252
0.458039	1.354201
0.458761	1.35415
0.459484	1.354099
0.460209	1.354048
0.460935	1.353997
0.461661	1.353947
0.462389	1.353896
0.463118	1.353846
0.463848	1.353795
0.46458	1.353745
0.465312	1.353695
0.466046	1.353645
0.466781	1.353595
0.467517	1.353545
0.468254	1.353495
0.468992	1.353445
0.469732	1.353396
0.470472	1.353346
0.471214	1.353297
0.471957	1.353248
0.472701	1.353199
0.473446	1.35315
0.474193	1.353101
0.474941	1.353052
0.475689	1.353003
0.476439	1.352954
0.477191	1.352906
0.477943	1.352857
0.478697	1.352809
0.479451	1.352761
0.480207	1.352713
0.480964	1.352665
0.481723	1.352617
0.482482	1.352569
0.483243	1.352521
0.484005	1.352474
0.484768	1.352426
0.485532	1.352379
0.486298	1.352332
0.487065	1.352284
0.487833	1.352237
0.488602	1.35219
0.489372	1.352143
0.490144	1.352097
0.490917	1.35205
0.491691	1.352003
0.492466	1.351957
0.493242	1.35191
0.49402	1.351864
0.494799	1.351818
0.495579	1.351772
0.496361	1.351726
0.497143	1.35168
0.497927	1.351634
0.498712	1.351589
0.499498	1.351543
0.500286	1.351498
0.501075	1.351452
0.501865	1.351407
0.502656	1.351362
0.503449	1.351317
0.504242	1.351272
0.505037	1.351227
0.505834	1.351182
0.506631	1.351138
0.50743	1.351093
0.50823	1.351049
0.509032	1.351004
0.509834	1.35096
0.510638	1.350916
0.511443	1.350872
0.51225	1.350828
0.513057	1.350784
0.513866	1.35074
0.514676	1.350697
0.515488	1.350653
0.516301	1.35061
0.517115	1.350566
0.51793	1.350523
0.518747	1.35048
0.519564	1.350437
0.520384	1.350394
0.521204	1.350351
0.522026	1.350308
0.522849	1.350266
0.523673	1.350223
0.524499	1.350181
0.525326	1.350138
0.526154	1.350096
0.526984	1.350054
0.527815	1.350012
0.528647	1.34997
0.529481	1.349928
0.530315	1.349887
0.531152	1.349845
0.531989	1.349803
0.532828	1.349762
0.533668	1.34972
0.534509	1.349679
0.535352	1.349638
0.536196	1.349597
0.537042	1.349556
0.537888	1.349515
0.538736	1.349474
0.539586	1.349434
0.540437	1.349393
0.541289	1.349353
0.542142	1.349312
0.542997	1.349272
0.543853	1.349232
0.544711	1.349192
0.54557	1.349152
0.54643	1.349112
0.547291	1.349072
0.548154	1.349032
0.549018	1.348993
0.549884	1.348953
0.550751	1.348914
0.551619	1.348875
0.552489	1.348835
0.55336	1.348796
0.554233	1.348757
0.555107	1.348718
0.555982	1.348679
0.556859	1.348641
0.557737	1.348602
0.558616	1.348563
0.559497	1.348525
0.560379	1.348487
0.561262	1.348448
0.562147	1.34841
0.563034	1.348372
0.563921	1.348334
0.564811	1.348296
0.565701	1.348258
0.566593	1.348221
0.567486	1.348183
0.568381	1.348146
0.569277	1.348108
0.570175	1.348071
0.571074	1.348034
0.571974	1.347996
0.572876	1.347959
0.573779	1.347922
0.574684	1.347885
0.57559	1.347849
0.576498	1.347812
0.577407	1.347775
0.578317	1.347739
0.579229	1.347703
0.580142	1.347666
0.581057	1.34763
0.581973	1.347594
0.582891	1.347558
0.58381	1.347522
0.58473	1.347486
0.585652	1.34745
0.586576	1.347414
0.5875	1.347379
0.588427	1.347343
0.589354	1.347308
0.590284	1.347273
0.591214	1.347237
0.592147	1.347202
0.59308	1.347167
0.594015	1.347132
0.594952	1.347097
0.59589	1.347063
0.596829	1.347028
0.597771	1.346993
0.598713	1.346959
0.599657	1.346924
0.600602	1.34689
0.601549	1.346856
0.602498	1.346822
0.603448	1.346787
0.604399	1.346754
0.605352	1.34672
0.606307	1.346686
0.607263	1.346652
0.60822	1.346618
0.609179	1.346585
0.61014	1.346551
0.611102	1.346518
0.612065	1.346485
0.61303	1.346451
0.613997	1.346418
0.614965	1.346385
0.615935	1.346352
0.616906	1.34632
0.617878	1.346287
0.618853	1.346254
0.619828	1.346221
0.620806	1.346189
0.621784	1.346156
0.622765	1.346124
0.623747	1.346092
0.62473	1.34606
0.625715	1.346028
0.626702	1.345996
0.62769	1.345964
0.62868	1.345932
0.629671	1.3459
0.630664	1.345868
0.631658	1.345837
0.632654	1.345805
0.633651	1.345774
0.63465	1.345742
0.635651	1.345711
0.636653	1.34568
0.637657	1.345649
0.638663	1.345618
0.63967	1.345587
0.640678	1.345556
0.641688	1.345525
0.6427	1.345495
0.643713	1.345464
0.644728	1.345433
0.645745	1.345403
0.646763	1.345373
0.647783	1.345342
0.648804	1.345312
0.649827	1.345282
0.650852	1.345252
0.651878	1.345222
0.652906	1.345192
0.653935	1.345162
0.654966	1.345133
0.655999	1.345103
0.657033	1.345073
0.658069	1.345044
0.659107	1.345014
0.660146	1.344985
0.661187	1.344956
0.662229	1.344927
0.663273	1.344898
0.664319	1.344868
0.665367	1.34484
0.666416	1.344811
0.667466	1.344782
0.668519	1.344753
0.669573	1.344725
0.670629	1.344696
0.671686	1.344668
0.672745	1.344639
0.673806	1.344611
0.674868	1.344583
0.675932	1.344554
0.676998	1.344526
0.678065	1.344498
0.679135	1.34447
0.680205	1.344442
0.681278	1.344415
0.682352	1.344387
0.683428	1.344359
0.684505	1.344332
0.685585	1.344304
0.686666	1.344277
0.687748	1.34425
0.688833	1.344222
0.689919	1.344195
0.691007	1.344168
0.692096	1.344141
0.693187	1.344114
0.69428	1.344087
0.695375	1.34406
0.696471	1.344033
0.697569	1.344007
0.698669	1.34398
0.699771	1.343954
0.700874	1.343927
0.701979	1.343901
0.703086	1.343874
0.704195	1.343848
0.705305	1.343822
0.706417	1.343796
0.707531	1.34377
0.708646	1.343744
0.709764	1.343718
0.710883	1.343692
0.712004	1.343667
0.713126	1.343641
0.714251	1.343615
0.715377	1.34359
0.716505	1.343564
0.717634	1.343539
0.718766	1.343514
0.719899	1.343488
0.721034	1.343463
0.722171	1.343438
0.72331	1.343413
0.72445	1.343388
0.725592	1.343363
0.726737	1.343338
0.727882	1.343314
0.72903	1.343289
0.730179	1.343264
0.731331	1.34324
0.732484	1.343215
0.733639	1.343191
0.734795	1.343166
0.735954	1.343142
0.737114	1.343118
0.738277	1.343094
0.739441	1.34307
0.740607	1.343046
0.741774	1.343022
0.742944	1.342998
0.744115	1.342974
0.745288	1.34295
0.746464	1.342927
0.747641	1.342903
0.748819	1.342879
0.75	1.342856

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Plot