Optical constants

Refractive index of CdS (Cadmium sulfide)

Ninomiya and Adachi 1995: n,k(e) 0.218–1.03 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.2175–1.033 µm
Points: 500
Optical axis: e
Licence: CC0-1.0

Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 2.33794
Extinction coefficient k: 0.0814223

Permittivity ε₁: 5.45935
Permittivity ε₂: 0.380721

Absorption coefficient α: 17412.9 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 1148.57 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -1.54762 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 3.24732
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# CdS (Cadmium sulfide): Ninomiya and Adachi 1995: n,k(e) 0.218–1.03 µm
cds = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "CdS", "Ninomiya-e", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(cds.range_nm)  # (217.52, 1033.2) nm
eps = cds.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_c2d176e262aa/lightsmith"
cds = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(cds.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (cds/ninomiya-adachi-1995-e).

# ... load cds as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=cds)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Fit of author's experimental data to a simplified model of the interband transitions (MDF). Extraordinary ray (e), room temperature.

Conditions

direction: e

References

S. Ninomiya and S. Adachi. Optical properties of wurtzite CdS. J. Appl. Phys. 78, 1183-1190 (1995)
[Calculation script (Python)]

doi:10.1063/1.360355 Optical properties of wurtzite CdS, Journal of Applied Physics (1995)

Cite

Susumu Ninomiya and Sadao Adachi. Optical properties of wurtzite CdS. Journal of Applied Physics, 78, 1183-1190 (1995), doi:10.1063/1.360355; [Calculation script (Python)]; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

500 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

CdS (Cadmium sulfide), Ninomiya and Adachi 1995: n,k(e) 0.218–1.03 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.21752	1.8871	2.0139
0.21786	1.9012	2.014
0.21821	1.9153	2.0138
0.21855	1.9296	2.0134
0.2189	1.944	2.0126
0.21925	1.9585	2.0116
0.2196	1.9731	2.0103
0.21995	1.9877	2.0087
0.2203	2.0025	2.0068
0.22066	2.0173	2.0046
0.22101	2.0321	2.0022
0.22137	2.047	1.9993
0.22173	2.0619	1.9962
0.22208	2.0768	1.9928
0.22244	2.0917	1.989
0.2228	2.1067	1.9849
0.22317	2.1216	1.9805
0.22353	2.1364	1.9758
0.22389	2.1513	1.9708
0.22426	2.1661	1.9654
0.22462	2.1808	1.9597
0.22499	2.1954	1.9537
0.22536	2.21	1.9473
0.22573	2.2244	1.9407
0.2261	2.2388	1.9337
0.22647	2.253	1.9264
0.22685	2.2671	1.9188
0.22722	2.2811	1.9109
0.2276	2.2949	1.9027
0.22798	2.3085	1.8942
0.22835	2.3219	1.8854
0.22873	2.3352	1.8763
0.22912	2.3482	1.8669
0.2295	2.3611	1.8573
0.22988	2.3737	1.8474
0.23027	2.3861	1.8373
0.23065	2.3983	1.8269
0.23104	2.4102	1.8163
0.23143	2.4219	1.8054
0.23182	2.4333	1.7944
0.23221	2.4445	1.7831
0.2326	2.4553	1.7717
0.233	2.466	1.76
0.23339	2.4763	1.7482
0.23379	2.4863	1.7362
0.23419	2.4961	1.7241
0.23459	2.5055	1.7118
0.23499	2.5147	1.6994
0.23539	2.5235	1.6869
0.2358	2.5321	1.6742
0.2362	2.5403	1.6615
0.23661	2.5483	1.6487
0.23702	2.556	1.6358
0.23742	2.5633	1.6228
0.23784	2.5703	1.6098
0.23825	2.5771	1.5967
0.23866	2.5835	1.5836
0.23908	2.5897	1.5705
0.23949	2.5955	1.5574
0.23991	2.6011	1.5442
0.24033	2.6064	1.5311
0.24075	2.6114	1.5179
0.24117	2.6161	1.5048
0.2416	2.6205	1.4918
0.24202	2.6247	1.4787
0.24245	2.6285	1.4657
0.24288	2.6322	1.4528
0.24331	2.6355	1.4399
0.24374	2.6386	1.4271
0.24417	2.6415	1.4144
0.24461	2.6441	1.4017
0.24504	2.6465	1.3892
0.24548	2.6487	1.3767
0.24592	2.6506	1.3643
0.24636	2.6523	1.352
0.2468	2.6538	1.3399
0.24724	2.6551	1.3278
0.24769	2.6562	1.3158
0.24814	2.6571	1.304
0.24859	2.6578	1.2923
0.24904	2.6583	1.2807
0.24949	2.6587	1.2692
0.24994	2.6588	1.2579
0.2504	2.6589	1.2467
0.25085	2.6587	1.2356
0.25131	2.6584	1.2247
0.25177	2.658	1.2139
0.25223	2.6574	1.2032
0.2527	2.6566	1.1927
0.25316	2.6558	1.1823
0.25363	2.6548	1.172
0.2541	2.6537	1.1619
0.25457	2.6525	1.1519
0.25504	2.6512	1.1421
0.25552	2.6497	1.1324
0.25599	2.6482	1.1229
0.25647	2.6466	1.1134
0.25695	2.6449	1.1042
0.25743	2.6431	1.095
0.25791	2.6412	1.086
0.2584	2.6392	1.0772
0.25888	2.6372	1.0685
0.25937	2.6351	1.0599
0.25986	2.6329	1.0514
0.26035	2.6307	1.0431
0.26085	2.6284	1.0349
0.26134	2.626	1.0269
0.26184	2.6236	1.019
0.26234	2.6212	1.0112
0.26284	2.6187	1.0035
0.26335	2.6161	0.996
0.26385	2.6136	0.98859
0.26436	2.611	0.98131
0.26487	2.6083	0.97415
0.26538	2.6057	0.96711
0.26589	2.603	0.96019
0.26641	2.6002	0.95339
0.26693	2.5975	0.9467
0.26745	2.5947	0.94013
0.26797	2.592	0.93367
0.26849	2.5892	0.92732
0.26902	2.5863	0.92109
0.26954	2.5835	0.91496
0.27007	2.5807	0.90894
0.2706	2.5778	0.90302
0.27114	2.575	0.8972
0.27167	2.5721	0.89149
0.27221	2.5693	0.88588
0.27275	2.5664	0.88037
0.27329	2.5636	0.87495
0.27384	2.5607	0.86963
0.27438	2.5579	0.8644
0.27493	2.555	0.85927
0.27548	2.5522	0.85422
0.27604	2.5494	0.84927
0.27659	2.5465	0.8444
0.27715	2.5437	0.83962
0.27771	2.5409	0.83492
0.27827	2.5381	0.83031
0.27884	2.5353	0.82577
0.2794	2.5326	0.82132
0.27997	2.5298	0.81695
0.28054	2.5271	0.81265
0.28112	2.5244	0.80843
0.28169	2.5217	0.80428
0.28227	2.519	0.80021
0.28285	2.5163	0.7962
0.28343	2.5137	0.79227
0.28402	2.511	0.78841
0.28461	2.5084	0.78461
0.2852	2.5058	0.78089
0.28579	2.5033	0.77722
0.28639	2.5007	0.77362
0.28698	2.4982	0.77008
0.28758	2.4957	0.76661
0.28819	2.4932	0.76319
0.28879	2.4908	0.75984
0.2894	2.4883	0.75654
0.29001	2.4859	0.7533
0.29062	2.4836	0.75011
0.29124	2.4812	0.74698
0.29186	2.4789	0.7439
0.29248	2.4766	0.74087
0.2931	2.4743	0.7379
0.29373	2.4721	0.73497
0.29436	2.4698	0.7321
0.29499	2.4676	0.72927
0.29562	2.4655	0.72649
0.29626	2.4633	0.72376
0.2969	2.4612	0.72107
0.29754	2.4591	0.71842
0.29819	2.4571	0.71582
0.29884	2.4551	0.71326
0.29949	2.4531	0.71075
0.30014	2.4511	0.70827
0.3008	2.4491	0.70583
0.30146	2.4472	0.70343
0.30212	2.4453	0.70107
0.30279	2.4435	0.69875
0.30345	2.4417	0.69646
0.30412	2.4399	0.69421
0.3048	2.4381	0.692
0.30548	2.4364	0.68981
0.30616	2.4347	0.68766
0.30684	2.433	0.68555
0.30753	2.4313	0.68346
0.30822	2.4297	0.6814
0.30891	2.4281	0.67938
0.3096	2.4266	0.67738
0.3103	2.425	0.67542
0.311	2.4235	0.67348
0.31171	2.4221	0.67156
0.31242	2.4206	0.66968
0.31313	2.4192	0.66782
0.31384	2.4178	0.66598
0.31456	2.4165	0.66417
0.31528	2.4152	0.66239
0.31601	2.4139	0.66062
0.31674	2.4126	0.65888
0.31747	2.4114	0.65716
0.3182	2.4102	0.65546
0.31894	2.409	0.65379
0.31968	2.4079	0.65213
0.32043	2.4068	0.65049
0.32118	2.4057	0.64887
0.32193	2.4046	0.64727
0.32268	2.4036	0.64568
0.32344	2.4026	0.64412
0.32421	2.4017	0.64257
0.32497	2.4007	0.64103
0.32574	2.3998	0.63951
0.32652	2.3989	0.63801
0.32729	2.3981	0.63651
0.32807	2.3973	0.63504
0.32886	2.3965	0.63357
0.32965	2.3957	0.63212
0.33044	2.395	0.63068
0.33124	2.3943	0.62925
0.33204	2.3937	0.62783
0.33284	2.393	0.62642
0.33365	2.3924	0.62502
0.33446	2.3918	0.62364
0.33527	2.3913	0.62225
0.33609	2.3908	0.62088
0.33692	2.3903	0.61952
0.33774	2.3898	0.61816
0.33858	2.3894	0.61681
0.33941	2.389	0.61546
0.34025	2.3886	0.61412
0.3411	2.3883	0.61279
0.34195	2.3879	0.61146
0.3428	2.3876	0.61013
0.34365	2.3874	0.60881
0.34452	2.3872	0.60749
0.34538	2.387	0.60617
0.34625	2.3868	0.60485
0.34713	2.3866	0.60354
0.348	2.3865	0.60223
0.34889	2.3864	0.60091
0.34977	2.3864	0.5996
0.35067	2.3863	0.59829
0.35156	2.3863	0.59697
0.35246	2.3863	0.59565
0.35337	2.3864	0.59433
0.35428	2.3865	0.59301
0.3552	2.3866	0.59168
0.35612	2.3867	0.59036
0.35704	2.3869	0.58902
0.35797	2.387	0.58768
0.35891	2.3873	0.58634
0.35984	2.3875	0.58499
0.36079	2.3878	0.58363
0.36174	2.3881	0.58227
0.36269	2.3884	0.58089
0.36365	2.3887	0.57951
0.36462	2.3891	0.57812
0.36559	2.3895	0.57673
0.36656	2.3899	0.57532
0.36754	2.3904	0.5739
0.36853	2.3909	0.57247
0.36952	2.3914	0.57102
0.37051	2.3919	0.56957
0.37151	2.3925	0.5681
0.37252	2.393	0.56662
0.37353	2.3937	0.56512
0.37455	2.3943	0.56361
0.37557	2.3949	0.56209
0.3766	2.3956	0.56054
0.37764	2.3963	0.55898
0.37868	2.3971	0.55741
0.37972	2.3978	0.55581
0.38077	2.3986	0.5542
0.38183	2.3994	0.55256
0.38289	2.4002	0.55091
0.38396	2.4011	0.54923
0.38504	2.402	0.54753
0.38612	2.4029	0.54581
0.38721	2.4038	0.54407
0.3883	2.4047	0.5423
0.3894	2.4057	0.5405
0.39051	2.4067	0.53868
0.39162	2.4077	0.53684
0.39274	2.4087	0.53496
0.39386	2.4097	0.53306
0.395	2.4108	0.53113
0.39613	2.4119	0.52917
0.39728	2.413	0.52717
0.39843	2.4141	0.52515
0.39959	2.4152	0.52309
0.40075	2.4164	0.521
0.40192	2.4176	0.51887
0.4031	2.4187	0.5167
0.40429	2.4199	0.5145
0.40548	2.4211	0.51226
0.40668	2.4224	0.50998
0.40789	2.4236	0.50766
0.4091	2.4249	0.5053
0.41032	2.4261	0.5029
0.41155	2.4274	0.50045
0.41278	2.4287	0.49796
0.41403	2.4299	0.49542
0.41528	2.4312	0.49283
0.41654	2.4325	0.4902
0.4178	2.4338	0.48751
0.41908	2.4351	0.48477
0.42036	2.4364	0.48198
0.42165	2.4377	0.47914
0.42294	2.4389	0.47624
0.42425	2.4402	0.47328
0.42556	2.4415	0.47027
0.42688	2.4427	0.46719
0.42821	2.444	0.46406
0.42955	2.4452	0.46086
0.4309	2.4463	0.4576
0.43225	2.4475	0.45428
0.43361	2.4486	0.45089
0.43499	2.4497	0.44744
0.43637	2.4508	0.44391
0.43776	2.4518	0.44032
0.43915	2.4527	0.43667
0.44056	2.4536	0.43294
0.44198	2.4544	0.42915
0.4434	2.4552	0.42528
0.44484	2.4558	0.42136
0.44628	2.4564	0.41737
0.44774	2.4568	0.41331
0.4492	2.4572	0.4092
0.45067	2.4574	0.40504
0.45215	2.4574	0.40083
0.45365	2.4573	0.39659
0.45515	2.457	0.39232
0.45666	2.4565	0.38804
0.45818	2.4558	0.38377
0.45971	2.4548	0.37953
0.46125	2.4535	0.37537
0.46281	2.4519	0.37131
0.46437	2.45	0.3674
0.46594	2.4476	0.36373
0.46753	2.4449	0.36037
0.46912	2.4417	0.35744
0.47073	2.4381	0.35509
0.47235	2.4339	0.35349
0.47398	2.4294	0.35289
0.47562	2.4246	0.35359
0.47727	2.4197	0.35594
0.47893	2.4151	0.36034
0.4806	2.4114	0.36716
0.48229	2.4098	0.37661
0.48399	2.4115	0.38844
0.4857	2.4181	0.4016
0.48742	2.4307	0.41395
0.48915	2.4489	0.4226
0.4909	2.4705	0.42506
0.49266	2.4922	0.42081
0.49443	2.5112	0.41163
0.49622	2.5269	0.40028
0.49801	2.5408	0.38849
0.49982	2.5547	0.37601
0.50165	2.5691	0.36105
0.50348	2.5828	0.34197
0.50533	2.5932	0.3187
0.5072	2.5985	0.29294
0.50908	2.5982	0.26705
0.51097	2.5933	0.24289
0.51287	2.5851	0.22148
0.5148	2.5748	0.20305
0.51673	2.5634	0.18744
0.51868	2.5517	0.17429
0.52064	2.5399	0.16321
0.52262	2.5284	0.15383
0.52462	2.5173	0.14584
0.52663	2.5067	0.13899
0.52865	2.4966	0.13308
0.53069	2.4869	0.12793
0.53275	2.4777	0.12341
0.53482	2.4689	0.11941
0.53691	2.4606	0.11586
0.53901	2.4526	0.11268
0.54114	2.445	0.10982
0.54327	2.4377	0.10722
0.54543	2.4307	0.10486
0.5476	2.4239	0.10269
0.54979	2.4175	0.10071
0.552	2.4113	0.098869
0.55422	2.4053	0.097166
0.55647	2.3995	0.095581
0.55873	2.3939	0.094101
0.56101	2.3885	0.092713
0.56331	2.3833	0.091409
0.56563	2.3782	0.090179
0.56796	2.3733	0.089016
0.57032	2.3685	0.087914
0.57269	2.3638	0.086867
0.57509	2.3593	0.085869
0.5775	2.3549	0.084917
0.57994	2.3506	0.084007
0.5824	2.3464	0.083135
0.58488	2.3423	0.082298
0.58737	2.3383	0.081493
0.58989	2.3344	0.080718
0.59244	2.3306	0.079971
0.595	2.3269	0.079249
0.59759	2.3232	0.078552
0.6002	2.3197	0.077876
0.60283	2.3162	0.077221
0.60548	2.3127	0.076585
0.60816	2.3093	0.075968
0.61086	2.306	0.075367
0.61359	2.3028	0.074783
0.61634	2.2996	0.074213
0.61911	2.2965	0.073658
0.62192	2.2934	0.073116
0.62474	2.2904	0.072587
0.62759	2.2874	0.07207
0.63047	2.2845	0.071564
0.63338	2.2816	0.071069
0.63631	2.2788	0.070584
0.63927	2.276	0.070109
0.64225	2.2733	0.069643
0.64527	2.2705	0.069186
0.64831	2.2679	0.068738
0.65138	2.2653	0.068297
0.65448	2.2627	0.067865
0.65761	2.2601	0.06744
0.66077	2.2576	0.067022
0.66396	2.2551	0.06661
0.66719	2.2527	0.066206
0.67044	2.2503	0.065807
0.67372	2.2479	0.065415
0.67704	2.2456	0.065029
0.68039	2.2432	0.064648
0.68378	2.2409	0.064273
0.68719	2.2387	0.063903
0.69065	2.2365	0.063538
0.69413	2.2342	0.063178
0.69766	2.2321	0.062822
0.70121	2.2299	0.062472
0.70481	2.2278	0.062125
0.70844	2.2257	0.061783
0.71211	2.2236	0.061446
0.71582	2.2215	0.061112
0.71956	2.2195	0.060782
0.72335	2.2175	0.060456
0.72718	2.2155	0.060134
0.73104	2.2136	0.059816
0.73495	2.2116	0.059501
0.7389	2.2097	0.059189
0.74289	2.2078	0.058881
0.74693	2.2059	0.058576
0.75101	2.204	0.058274
0.75513	2.2022	0.057975
0.7593	2.2004	0.05768
0.76352	2.1986	0.057387
0.76778	2.1968	0.057097
0.7721	2.195	0.05681
0.77646	2.1933	0.056526
0.78087	2.1915	0.056245
0.78533	2.1898	0.055966
0.78984	2.1881	0.05569
0.7944	2.1864	0.055416
0.79902	2.1848	0.055145
0.80369	2.1831	0.054876
0.80842	2.1815	0.054609
0.8132	2.1798	0.054345
0.81804	2.1782	0.054084
0.82293	2.1766	0.053824
0.82789	2.1751	0.053567
0.8329	2.1735	0.053311
0.83798	2.172	0.053058
0.84312	2.1704	0.052807
0.84832	2.1689	0.052559
0.85359	2.1674	0.052312
0.85892	2.1659	0.052067
0.86432	2.1644	0.051824
0.86979	2.163	0.051583
0.87533	2.1615	0.051344
0.88094	2.1601	0.051106
0.88662	2.1586	0.050871
0.89237	2.1572	0.050637
0.8982	2.1558	0.050405
0.90411	2.1544	0.050175
0.91009	2.153	0.049946
0.91616	2.1517	0.049719
0.9223	2.1503	0.049494
0.92853	2.149	0.049271
0.93485	2.1476	0.049049
0.94125	2.1463	0.048828
0.94773	2.145	0.04861
0.95431	2.1437	0.048392
0.96098	2.1424	0.048177
0.96775	2.1411	0.047962
0.97461	2.1398	0.04775
0.98157	2.1386	0.047538
0.98862	2.1373	0.047329
0.99578	2.1361	0.04712
1.003	2.1349	0.046913
1.0104	2.1336	0.046707
1.0179	2.1324	0.046503
1.0255	2.1312	0.0463
1.0332	2.13	0.046098

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

CdS (Cadmium sulfide): all datasets

Experimental data

Models and simulations

About CdS (Cadmium sulfide)

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is an inorganic compound with a hexagonal wurtzite structure or a cubic zincblende structure, depending on the conditions under which it is synthesized. This material has been widely studied for its semiconducting and optoelectronic properties, specifically its use in photodetectors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. With a direct bandgap that ranges from approximately 2.4 to 2.5 eV, CdS is highly transparent in the visible range and can absorb ultraviolet light, making it suitable for various optical applications. Its high electron mobility and good thermal stability further extend its utility in electronic devices. However, cadmium is a toxic element, which places constraints on the material's handling and environmental impact. Methods for synthesizing CdS include chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, and various solution-based approaches like sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. Despite the toxicity challenges, CdS remains a pivotal material in the realm of semiconductors and optoelectronics, and it continues to be a subject of extensive research to mitigate its environmental impact while leveraging its advantageous properties. Minerals: Greenockite, Hawleyite.

More about CdS (Cadmium sulfide) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/CdS/nk/Ninomiya-e.yml
ID: ds_c2d176e262aa
API: /v1/datasets/ds_c2d176e262aa

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