Optical constants

Refractive index of (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n (Cellulose)

Juntunen et al. 2024: microcrystalline; n 1.10–1.65 µm

Data: formula 5
Range: 1.1–1.65 µm
Temperature: 296 K
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.54113
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 2.37508
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.00624344 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.54956
Group velocity dispersion: 62.0633 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -64.1457 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 0.918401 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# (C6H10O5)n (Cellulose): Juntunen et al. 2024: microcrystalline; n 1.10–1.65 µm
cellulose = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("organic", "cellulose", "Juntunen", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(cellulose.range_nm)  # (1100, 1650) nm
eps = cellulose.eps([1350])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_a549036706da/lightsmith"
cellulose = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(cellulose.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (cellulose/juntunen-2024).

# ... load cellulose as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=cellulose)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=1100, stop_nm=1650, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Cauchy (formula 5), λ in µm

n = 1.537 + 0.007373 λ^{- 2.0} + 0.0002803 λ^{- 4.0}

Valid from 1.1 to 1.65 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	1.537
C2	0.007373
C3	-2.0
C4	0.0002803
C5	-4.0

Comments and conditions

Avicel PH102 microcrystalline cellulose. Powder. 23 °C

Conditions

temperature: 296 K

References

C. Juntunen, A. J. Rish, C. A. Anderson, Y. Sung. Refractive index measurement of pharmaceutical powders in the short-wave infrared range using index matching assisted with phase imaging. Powder Technol. 438, 119621-23149 (2024)

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2024.119621 Refractive index measurement of pharmaceutical powders in the short-wave infrared range using index matching assisted with phase imaging, Powder Technology (2024)

Cite

Cory Juntunen, Adam J. Rish, Carl A. Anderson and Yongjin Sung. Refractive index measurement of pharmaceutical powders in the short-wave infrared range using index matching assisted with phase imaging. Powder Technology, 438, 119621 (2024), doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2024.119621; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

(C6H10O5)n (Cellulose), Juntunen et al. 2024: microcrystalline; n 1.10–1.65 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
1.1	1.543285
1.10112	1.543272
1.10224	1.543259
1.10336	1.543245
1.10448	1.543232
1.1056	1.543219
1.10673	1.543206
1.10785	1.543193
1.10898	1.54318
1.11011	1.543168
1.11124	1.543155
1.11237	1.543142
1.1135	1.543129
1.11463	1.543116
1.11576	1.543103
1.1169	1.543091
1.11803	1.543078
1.11917	1.543065
1.12031	1.543052
1.12145	1.54304
1.12259	1.543027
1.12373	1.543015
1.12487	1.543002
1.12601	1.542989
1.12716	1.542977
1.1283	1.542964
1.12945	1.542952
1.1306	1.54294
1.13175	1.542927
1.1329	1.542915
1.13405	1.542902
1.1352	1.54289
1.13636	1.542878
1.13751	1.542866
1.13867	1.542853
1.13983	1.542841
1.14099	1.542829
1.14215	1.542817
1.14331	1.542805
1.14447	1.542792
1.14563	1.54278
1.1468	1.542768
1.14796	1.542756
1.14913	1.542744
1.1503	1.542732
1.15147	1.54272
1.15264	1.542708
1.15381	1.542696
1.15499	1.542685
1.15616	1.542673
1.15734	1.542661
1.15851	1.542649
1.15969	1.542637
1.16087	1.542625
1.16205	1.542614
1.16323	1.542602
1.16441	1.54259
1.1656	1.542579
1.16678	1.542567
1.16797	1.542555
1.16916	1.542544
1.17035	1.542532
1.17153	1.542521
1.17273	1.542509
1.17392	1.542498
1.17511	1.542486
1.17631	1.542475
1.1775	1.542463
1.1787	1.542452
1.1799	1.542441
1.1811	1.542429
1.1823	1.542418
1.1835	1.542407
1.1847	1.542395
1.18591	1.542384
1.18711	1.542373
1.18832	1.542362
1.18953	1.542351
1.19074	1.54234
1.19195	1.542328
1.19316	1.542317
1.19437	1.542306
1.19559	1.542295
1.1968	1.542284
1.19802	1.542273
1.19924	1.542262
1.20046	1.542251
1.20168	1.54224
1.2029	1.542229
1.20412	1.542218
1.20535	1.542208
1.20657	1.542197
1.2078	1.542186
1.20903	1.542175
1.21026	1.542164
1.21149	1.542154
1.21272	1.542143
1.21395	1.542132
1.21519	1.542122
1.21642	1.542111
1.21766	1.5421
1.2189	1.54209
1.22014	1.542079
1.22138	1.542068
1.22262	1.542058
1.22386	1.542047
1.22511	1.542037
1.22635	1.542026
1.2276	1.542016
1.22885	1.542005
1.2301	1.541995
1.23135	1.541985
1.2326	1.541974
1.23385	1.541964
1.23511	1.541954
1.23636	1.541943
1.23762	1.541933
1.23888	1.541923
1.24014	1.541913
1.2414	1.541902
1.24266	1.541892
1.24392	1.541882
1.24519	1.541872
1.24645	1.541862
1.24772	1.541852
1.24899	1.541842
1.25026	1.541831
1.25153	1.541821
1.2528	1.541811
1.25408	1.541801
1.25535	1.541791
1.25663	1.541781
1.25791	1.541772
1.25919	1.541762
1.26047	1.541752
1.26175	1.541742
1.26303	1.541732
1.26431	1.541722
1.2656	1.541712
1.26689	1.541703
1.26817	1.541693
1.26946	1.541683
1.27075	1.541673
1.27205	1.541664
1.27334	1.541654
1.27463	1.541644
1.27593	1.541635
1.27723	1.541625
1.27853	1.541615
1.27983	1.541606
1.28113	1.541596
1.28243	1.541587
1.28373	1.541577
1.28504	1.541568
1.28635	1.541558
1.28765	1.541549
1.28896	1.541539
1.29027	1.54153
1.29159	1.54152
1.2929	1.541511
1.29421	1.541502
1.29553	1.541492
1.29685	1.541483
1.29816	1.541474
1.29948	1.541464
1.30081	1.541455
1.30213	1.541446
1.30345	1.541437
1.30478	1.541428
1.3061	1.541418
1.30743	1.541409
1.30876	1.5414
1.31009	1.541391
1.31142	1.541382
1.31276	1.541373
1.31409	1.541364
1.31543	1.541355
1.31677	1.541346
1.3181	1.541337
1.31944	1.541328
1.32079	1.541319
1.32213	1.54131
1.32347	1.541301
1.32482	1.541292
1.32617	1.541283
1.32751	1.541274
1.32886	1.541265
1.33021	1.541256
1.33157	1.541247
1.33292	1.541239
1.33428	1.54123
1.33563	1.541221
1.33699	1.541212
1.33835	1.541204
1.33971	1.541195
1.34107	1.541186
1.34244	1.541178
1.3438	1.541169
1.34517	1.54116
1.34654	1.541152
1.3479	1.541143
1.34927	1.541134
1.35065	1.541126
1.35202	1.541117
1.35339	1.541109
1.35477	1.5411
1.35615	1.541092
1.35753	1.541083
1.35891	1.541075
1.36029	1.541066
1.36167	1.541058
1.36306	1.54105
1.36444	1.541041
1.36583	1.541033
1.36722	1.541025
1.36861	1.541016
1.37	1.541008
1.37139	1.541
1.37279	1.540991
1.37418	1.540983
1.37558	1.540975
1.37698	1.540967
1.37838	1.540958
1.37978	1.54095
1.38118	1.540942
1.38259	1.540934
1.38399	1.540926
1.3854	1.540918
1.38681	1.540909
1.38822	1.540901
1.38963	1.540893
1.39104	1.540885
1.39246	1.540877
1.39387	1.540869
1.39529	1.540861
1.39671	1.540853
1.39813	1.540845
1.39955	1.540837
1.40097	1.540829
1.4024	1.540821
1.40382	1.540813
1.40525	1.540806
1.40668	1.540798
1.40811	1.54079
1.40954	1.540782
1.41097	1.540774
1.41241	1.540766
1.41384	1.540759
1.41528	1.540751
1.41672	1.540743
1.41816	1.540735
1.4196	1.540728
1.42105	1.54072
1.42249	1.540712
1.42394	1.540705
1.42539	1.540697
1.42683	1.540689
1.42828	1.540682
1.42974	1.540674
1.43119	1.540666
1.43265	1.540659
1.4341	1.540651
1.43556	1.540644
1.43702	1.540636
1.43848	1.540629
1.43994	1.540621
1.44141	1.540614
1.44287	1.540606
1.44434	1.540599
1.44581	1.540591
1.44728	1.540584
1.44875	1.540576
1.45022	1.540569
1.4517	1.540562
1.45317	1.540554
1.45465	1.540547
1.45613	1.54054
1.45761	1.540532
1.45909	1.540525
1.46058	1.540518
1.46206	1.540511
1.46355	1.540503
1.46504	1.540496
1.46653	1.540489
1.46802	1.540482
1.46951	1.540474
1.471	1.540467
1.4725	1.54046
1.474	1.540453
1.47549	1.540446
1.47699	1.540439
1.4785	1.540432
1.48	1.540424
1.4815	1.540417
1.48301	1.54041
1.48452	1.540403
1.48603	1.540396
1.48754	1.540389
1.48905	1.540382
1.49056	1.540375
1.49208	1.540368
1.4936	1.540361
1.49512	1.540354
1.49664	1.540348
1.49816	1.540341
1.49968	1.540334
1.50121	1.540327
1.50273	1.54032
1.50426	1.540313
1.50579	1.540306
1.50732	1.540299
1.50885	1.540293
1.51039	1.540286
1.51192	1.540279
1.51346	1.540272
1.515	1.540266
1.51654	1.540259
1.51808	1.540252
1.51962	1.540245
1.52117	1.540239
1.52272	1.540232
1.52426	1.540225
1.52581	1.540219
1.52736	1.540212
1.52892	1.540205
1.53047	1.540199
1.53203	1.540192
1.53359	1.540186
1.53515	1.540179
1.53671	1.540172
1.53827	1.540166
1.53983	1.540159
1.5414	1.540153
1.54296	1.540146
1.54453	1.54014
1.5461	1.540133
1.54768	1.540127
1.54925	1.540121
1.55082	1.540114
1.5524	1.540108
1.55398	1.540101
1.55556	1.540095
1.55714	1.540088
1.55872	1.540082
1.56031	1.540076
1.5619	1.540069
1.56348	1.540063
1.56507	1.540057
1.56666	1.54005
1.56826	1.540044
1.56985	1.540038
1.57145	1.540032
1.57305	1.540025
1.57465	1.540019
1.57625	1.540013
1.57785	1.540007
1.57945	1.540001
1.58106	1.539994
1.58267	1.539988
1.58428	1.539982
1.58589	1.539976
1.5875	1.53997
1.58911	1.539964
1.59073	1.539958
1.59235	1.539951
1.59396	1.539945
1.59559	1.539939
1.59721	1.539933
1.59883	1.539927
1.60046	1.539921
1.60208	1.539915
1.60371	1.539909
1.60534	1.539903
1.60698	1.539897
1.60861	1.539891
1.61025	1.539885
1.61188	1.539879
1.61352	1.539873
1.61516	1.539867
1.6168	1.539862
1.61845	1.539856
1.62009	1.53985
1.62174	1.539844
1.62339	1.539838
1.62504	1.539832
1.62669	1.539826
1.62835	1.539821
1.63	1.539815
1.63166	1.539809
1.63332	1.539803
1.63498	1.539797
1.63664	1.539792
1.6383	1.539786
1.63997	1.53978
1.64164	1.539774
1.64331	1.539769
1.64498	1.539763
1.64665	1.539757
1.64832	1.539752
1.65	1.539746

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

(C₆H₁₀O₅)_n (Cellulose): all datasets

About (C6H10O5)n (Cellulose)

Cellulose ((C₆H₁₀O₅)_n) is an organic compound and the primary constituent of cell walls in green plants, many forms of algae, and oomycetes. Being the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, it serves as a primary source of nutrition for herbivores through a process called cellulolysis. Composed of linear chains of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units, it differs from starch, another glucose-based polymer, in that humans and many animals cannot directly digest cellulose due to its β-glycosidic bonds. However, certain animals like ruminants and termites can break it down with the help of symbiotic microorganisms. Industrially, cellulose is vital for producing paper and paperboard and serves as a raw material for derivative products such as cellophane and rayon. Its derivatives, including cellulose acetate and nitrate, find uses in coatings, inks, and more. Its renewable nature has also positioned cellulose as a potential resource for sustainable biofuel production.

Cellulose - Wikipedia

More about (C6H10O5)n (Cellulose) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/organic/(C6H10O5)n - cellulose/nk/Juntunen.yml
ID: ds_a549036706da
API: /v1/datasets/ds_a549036706da

Plot