Optical constants
Refractive index of Ni (Nickel)
Rakić et al. 1998: Brendel-Bormann model; n,k 0.248–6.20 µm
- Data
- tabulated nk
- Range
- 0.248–6.199 µm
- Points
- 200
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 1.90772
- Extinction coefficient k
- 3.46561
- Permittivity ε1
- -8.37108
- Permittivity ε2
- 13.2229
- Absorption coefficient α
- 741154 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- 26.985 nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- 2.41343 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 0.489591
- Group velocity dispersion
- — fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- — ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 2.11001 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Ni (Nickel): Rakić et al. 1998: Brendel-Bormann model; n,k 0.248–6.20 µm
ni = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Ni", "Rakic-BB", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(ni.range_nm) # (247.97, 6199.2) nm
eps = ni.eps([633]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_d297a9a745c0/lightsmith"
ni = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(ni.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (ni/rakic-1998-bb).
# ... load ni as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=ni)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Comments and conditions
References
[Calculation script (Python)]
- doi:10.1364/ao.37.005271 Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Applied Optics (1998)
Cite
Aleksandar D. Rakić, Aleksandra B. Djurišić, Jovan M. Elazar and Marian L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. Applied Optics, 37, 5271 (1998), doi:10.1364/ao.37.005271; [Calculation script (Python)]; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
200 rows as published| λ (µm) | n | k |
|---|---|---|
| 0.24797 | 1.4724 | 2.0065 |
| 0.25201 | 1.5068 | 2.0205 |
| 0.25612 | 1.5408 | 2.0308 |
| 0.2603 | 1.5737 | 2.0373 |
| 0.26454 | 1.6046 | 2.0403 |
| 0.26886 | 1.633 | 2.0404 |
| 0.27324 | 1.6585 | 2.0378 |
| 0.2777 | 1.6804 | 2.0333 |
| 0.28222 | 1.6987 | 2.0275 |
| 0.28683 | 1.713 | 2.0211 |
| 0.2915 | 1.7234 | 2.0146 |
| 0.29626 | 1.7299 | 2.0088 |
| 0.30109 | 1.7327 | 2.0042 |
| 0.306 | 1.7321 | 2.0015 |
| 0.31099 | 1.7284 | 2.001 |
| 0.31606 | 1.7221 | 2.0032 |
| 0.32121 | 1.7136 | 2.0084 |
| 0.32645 | 1.7034 | 2.0167 |
| 0.33177 | 1.6919 | 2.0283 |
| 0.33718 | 1.6796 | 2.0433 |
| 0.34268 | 1.667 | 2.0616 |
| 0.34827 | 1.6545 | 2.0832 |
| 0.35395 | 1.6424 | 2.1077 |
| 0.35972 | 1.6311 | 2.1352 |
| 0.36559 | 1.6207 | 2.1654 |
| 0.37155 | 1.6116 | 2.198 |
| 0.37761 | 1.6039 | 2.2327 |
| 0.38377 | 1.5977 | 2.2695 |
| 0.39002 | 1.593 | 2.3079 |
| 0.39638 | 1.59 | 2.3479 |
| 0.40285 | 1.5886 | 2.3891 |
| 0.40942 | 1.5889 | 2.4315 |
| 0.41609 | 1.5908 | 2.4747 |
| 0.42288 | 1.5942 | 2.5188 |
| 0.42977 | 1.5991 | 2.5635 |
| 0.43678 | 1.6055 | 2.6088 |
| 0.4439 | 1.6133 | 2.6545 |
| 0.45114 | 1.6224 | 2.7005 |
| 0.4585 | 1.6328 | 2.7468 |
| 0.46598 | 1.6443 | 2.7934 |
| 0.47358 | 1.657 | 2.8401 |
| 0.4813 | 1.6708 | 2.8869 |
| 0.48915 | 1.6856 | 2.9338 |
| 0.49712 | 1.7013 | 2.9807 |
| 0.50523 | 1.7179 | 3.0277 |
| 0.51347 | 1.7354 | 3.0747 |
| 0.52184 | 1.7536 | 3.1216 |
| 0.53035 | 1.7726 | 3.1686 |
| 0.539 | 1.7923 | 3.2156 |
| 0.54779 | 1.8127 | 3.2625 |
| 0.55672 | 1.8337 | 3.3094 |
| 0.5658 | 1.8552 | 3.3562 |
| 0.57503 | 1.8773 | 3.4031 |
| 0.5844 | 1.9 | 3.4499 |
| 0.59393 | 1.923 | 3.4967 |
| 0.60362 | 1.9466 | 3.5434 |
| 0.61346 | 1.9705 | 3.5902 |
| 0.62346 | 1.9949 | 3.6369 |
| 0.63363 | 2.0196 | 3.6837 |
| 0.64396 | 2.0446 | 3.7305 |
| 0.65446 | 2.07 | 3.7773 |
| 0.66514 | 2.0956 | 3.8241 |
| 0.67598 | 2.1215 | 3.871 |
| 0.68701 | 2.1476 | 3.9179 |
| 0.69821 | 2.174 | 3.965 |
| 0.70959 | 2.2006 | 4.012 |
| 0.72117 | 2.2273 | 4.0592 |
| 0.73292 | 2.2543 | 4.1065 |
| 0.74488 | 2.2813 | 4.1539 |
| 0.75702 | 2.3085 | 4.2015 |
| 0.76937 | 2.3358 | 4.2492 |
| 0.78191 | 2.3632 | 4.2971 |
| 0.79466 | 2.3907 | 4.3451 |
| 0.80762 | 2.4182 | 4.3934 |
| 0.82079 | 2.4458 | 4.4418 |
| 0.83418 | 2.4734 | 4.4905 |
| 0.84778 | 2.501 | 4.5395 |
| 0.8616 | 2.5287 | 4.5887 |
| 0.87565 | 2.5563 | 4.6382 |
| 0.88993 | 2.5839 | 4.688 |
| 0.90445 | 2.6115 | 4.7381 |
| 0.91919 | 2.639 | 4.7885 |
| 0.93418 | 2.6665 | 4.8394 |
| 0.94942 | 2.6938 | 4.8905 |
| 0.9649 | 2.7211 | 4.9421 |
| 0.98063 | 2.7483 | 4.9941 |
| 0.99662 | 2.7754 | 5.0465 |
| 1.0129 | 2.8024 | 5.0994 |
| 1.0294 | 2.8293 | 5.1528 |
| 1.0462 | 2.856 | 5.2067 |
| 1.0632 | 2.8825 | 5.2611 |
| 1.0806 | 2.9089 | 5.316 |
| 1.0982 | 2.9351 | 5.3715 |
| 1.1161 | 2.9612 | 5.4276 |
| 1.1343 | 2.9871 | 5.4843 |
| 1.1528 | 3.0127 | 5.5417 |
| 1.1716 | 3.0382 | 5.5997 |
| 1.1907 | 3.0634 | 5.6584 |
| 1.2101 | 3.0884 | 5.7178 |
| 1.2299 | 3.1132 | 5.7779 |
| 1.2499 | 3.1377 | 5.8389 |
| 1.2703 | 3.162 | 5.9006 |
| 1.291 | 3.1861 | 5.9631 |
| 1.3121 | 3.2098 | 6.0265 |
| 1.3335 | 3.2333 | 6.0908 |
| 1.3552 | 3.2565 | 6.1559 |
| 1.3773 | 3.2795 | 6.222 |
| 1.3998 | 3.3021 | 6.2891 |
| 1.4226 | 3.3245 | 6.3571 |
| 1.4458 | 3.3465 | 6.4262 |
| 1.4694 | 3.3683 | 6.4963 |
| 1.4933 | 3.3897 | 6.5675 |
| 1.5177 | 3.4108 | 6.6399 |
| 1.5424 | 3.4316 | 6.7133 |
| 1.5676 | 3.4521 | 6.788 |
| 1.5931 | 3.4722 | 6.8639 |
| 1.6191 | 3.492 | 6.941 |
| 1.6455 | 3.5114 | 7.0194 |
| 1.6723 | 3.5306 | 7.0992 |
| 1.6996 | 3.5493 | 7.1803 |
| 1.7273 | 3.5677 | 7.2628 |
| 1.7555 | 3.5858 | 7.3467 |
| 1.7841 | 3.6035 | 7.4321 |
| 1.8132 | 3.6209 | 7.5191 |
| 1.8428 | 3.6379 | 7.6075 |
| 1.8728 | 3.6545 | 7.6976 |
| 1.9034 | 3.6708 | 7.7892 |
| 1.9344 | 3.6868 | 7.8826 |
| 1.966 | 3.7024 | 7.9776 |
| 1.998 | 3.7176 | 8.0744 |
| 2.0306 | 3.7325 | 8.173 |
| 2.0637 | 3.7471 | 8.2735 |
| 2.0974 | 3.7613 | 8.3758 |
| 2.1316 | 3.7751 | 8.48 |
| 2.1663 | 3.7886 | 8.5862 |
| 2.2016 | 3.8018 | 8.6944 |
| 2.2375 | 3.8147 | 8.8047 |
| 2.274 | 3.8272 | 8.9171 |
| 2.3111 | 3.8394 | 9.0316 |
| 2.3488 | 3.8513 | 9.1483 |
| 2.3871 | 3.8629 | 9.2673 |
| 2.426 | 3.8742 | 9.3885 |
| 2.4656 | 3.8853 | 9.5121 |
| 2.5058 | 3.896 | 9.6381 |
| 2.5467 | 3.9065 | 9.7665 |
| 2.5882 | 3.9167 | 9.8974 |
| 2.6304 | 3.9266 | 10.031 |
| 2.6733 | 3.9364 | 10.167 |
| 2.7169 | 3.9459 | 10.306 |
| 2.7612 | 3.9552 | 10.447 |
| 2.8062 | 3.9642 | 10.591 |
| 2.852 | 3.9731 | 10.738 |
| 2.8985 | 3.9819 | 10.888 |
| 2.9457 | 3.9904 | 11.04 |
| 2.9938 | 3.9988 | 11.196 |
| 3.0426 | 4.0071 | 11.355 |
| 3.0922 | 4.0153 | 11.516 |
| 3.1426 | 4.0234 | 11.681 |
| 3.1939 | 4.0314 | 11.849 |
| 3.246 | 4.0393 | 12.021 |
| 3.2989 | 4.0472 | 12.195 |
| 3.3527 | 4.0551 | 12.373 |
| 3.4074 | 4.063 | 12.554 |
| 3.4629 | 4.0709 | 12.739 |
| 3.5194 | 4.0788 | 12.927 |
| 3.5768 | 4.0868 | 13.119 |
| 3.6351 | 4.0948 | 13.315 |
| 3.6944 | 4.103 | 13.514 |
| 3.7546 | 4.1113 | 13.717 |
| 3.8159 | 4.1197 | 13.923 |
| 3.8781 | 4.1283 | 14.134 |
| 3.9413 | 4.1371 | 14.349 |
| 4.0056 | 4.1462 | 14.567 |
| 4.0709 | 4.1554 | 14.79 |
| 4.1373 | 4.165 | 15.016 |
| 4.2048 | 4.1748 | 15.247 |
| 4.2733 | 4.1849 | 15.483 |
| 4.343 | 4.1955 | 15.722 |
| 4.4138 | 4.2063 | 15.966 |
| 4.4858 | 4.2176 | 16.214 |
| 4.5589 | 4.2294 | 16.467 |
| 4.6333 | 4.2416 | 16.725 |
| 4.7088 | 4.2543 | 16.987 |
| 4.7856 | 4.2675 | 17.254 |
| 4.8637 | 4.2813 | 17.525 |
| 4.943 | 4.2956 | 17.802 |
| 5.0236 | 4.3106 | 18.083 |
| 5.1055 | 4.3263 | 18.37 |
| 5.1888 | 4.3426 | 18.661 |
| 5.2734 | 4.3597 | 18.958 |
| 5.3594 | 4.3776 | 19.26 |
| 5.4468 | 4.3962 | 19.567 |
| 5.5356 | 4.4157 | 19.88 |
| 5.6258 | 4.436 | 20.198 |
| 5.7176 | 4.4573 | 20.521 |
| 5.8108 | 4.4795 | 20.85 |
| 5.9056 | 4.5027 | 21.185 |
| 6.0019 | 4.527 | 21.526 |
| 6.0997 | 4.5523 | 21.873 |
| 6.1992 | 4.5788 | 22.225 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Fit of experimental data from several sources to Brendel-Bormann (BB) model