Optical constants

Refractive index of Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)

Barroso et al. 2019: DPBS; n 0.5–1.1 µm

Data: formula 3
Range: 0.5–1.1 µm
Temperature: 295 K
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.3341
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 1.77982
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0216029 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.34679
Group velocity dispersion: 43.7712 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -238.795 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS): Barroso et al. 2019: DPBS; n 0.5–1.1 µm
pbs = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("other", "PBS", "Barroso", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(pbs.range_nm)  # (500, 1100) nm
eps = pbs.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_b25905202bfc/lightsmith"
pbs = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(pbs.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (pbs-pbs/barroso-2019).

# ... load pbs as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=pbs)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=500, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Polynomial (formula 3), λ in µm

n^{2} = 1.7828 - 0.0015 λ^{- 2.0} + 0.0009 λ^{- 4.0} - 0.0179 λ^{2.0}

Valid from 0.5 to 1.1 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	1.7828
C2	-0.0015
C3	-2.0
C4	0.0009
C5	-4.0
C6	-0.0179
C7	2.0

Comments and conditions

Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS, Sigma-Aldrich). 22 °C.

Conditions

temperature: 295 K

References

Á. Barroso, R. Radhakrishnan, S. Ketelhut, J. Schnekenburger, B. Kemper. Refractive index determination of buffer solutions from visible to near-infrared spectral range for multispectral quantitative phase imaging using a calibrated Abbe refractometer. Proc. SPIE 10887, 1088729 (2019)

doi:10.1117/12.2509221 Refractive index determination of buffer solutions from visible to near-infrared spectral range for multispectral quantitative phase imaging using a calibrated Abbe refractometer, Quantitative Phase Imaging V (2019)

Cite

Álvaro Barroso Peña, Rohan Radhakrishnan, Steffi Ketelhut, Jürgen Schnekenburger and Björn Kemper. Refractive index determination of buffer solutions from visible to near-infrared spectral range for multispectral quantitative phase imaging using a calibrated Abbe refractometer. Quantitative Phase Imaging V, 80 (2019), doi:10.1117/12.2509221; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), Barroso et al. 2019: DPBS; n 0.5–1.1 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.5	1.336684
0.500989	1.336644
0.50198	1.336604
0.502973	1.336565
0.503968	1.336525
0.504965	1.336486
0.505964	1.336447
0.506964	1.336409
0.507967	1.33637
0.508972	1.336332
0.509979	1.336294
0.510987	1.336257
0.511998	1.336219
0.513011	1.336182
0.514026	1.336146
0.515042	1.336109
0.516061	1.336073
0.517082	1.336036
0.518105	1.336
0.51913	1.335965
0.520157	1.335929
0.521185	1.335894
0.522216	1.335859
0.523249	1.335824
0.524284	1.33579
0.525321	1.335755
0.52636	1.335721
0.527402	1.335687
0.528445	1.335654
0.52949	1.33562
0.530537	1.335587
0.531587	1.335554
0.532638	1.335521
0.533692	1.335488
0.534748	1.335456
0.535805	1.335424
0.536865	1.335391
0.537927	1.33536
0.538991	1.335328
0.540057	1.335296
0.541126	1.335265
0.542196	1.335234
0.543268	1.335203
0.544343	1.335172
0.54542	1.335141
0.546499	1.335111
0.54758	1.335081
0.548663	1.335051
0.549748	1.335021
0.550835	1.334991
0.551925	1.334961
0.553017	1.334932
0.554111	1.334903
0.555207	1.334874
0.556305	1.334845
0.557405	1.334816
0.558508	1.334787
0.559613	1.334759
0.56072	1.334731
0.561829	1.334702
0.56294	1.334674
0.564054	1.334647
0.565169	1.334619
0.566287	1.334591
0.567407	1.334564
0.56853	1.334537
0.569654	1.334509
0.570781	1.334483
0.57191	1.334456
0.573041	1.334429
0.574175	1.334402
0.575311	1.334376
0.576449	1.33435
0.577589	1.334323
0.578731	1.334297
0.579876	1.334271
0.581023	1.334245
0.582172	1.33422
0.583324	1.334194
0.584478	1.334169
0.585634	1.334143
0.586792	1.334118
0.587953	1.334093
0.589116	1.334068
0.590281	1.334043
0.591449	1.334018
0.592619	1.333994
0.593791	1.333969
0.594966	1.333945
0.596142	1.33392
0.597322	1.333896
0.598503	1.333872
0.599687	1.333848
0.600873	1.333824
0.602062	1.3338
0.603253	1.333777
0.604446	1.333753
0.605641	1.333729
0.606839	1.333706
0.60804	1.333683
0.609243	1.333659
0.610448	1.333636
0.611655	1.333613
0.612865	1.33359
0.614077	1.333567
0.615292	1.333544
0.616509	1.333522
0.617729	1.333499
0.61895	1.333476
0.620175	1.333454
0.621401	1.333431
0.622631	1.333409
0.623862	1.333387
0.625096	1.333365
0.626333	1.333343
0.627572	1.333321
0.628813	1.333299
0.630057	1.333277
0.631303	1.333255
0.632552	1.333233
0.633803	1.333211
0.635057	1.33319
0.636313	1.333168
0.637571	1.333147
0.638833	1.333125
0.640096	1.333104
0.641362	1.333083
0.642631	1.333061
0.643902	1.33304
0.645176	1.333019
0.646452	1.332998
0.647731	1.332977
0.649012	1.332956
0.650296	1.332935
0.651582	1.332914
0.652871	1.332893
0.654162	1.332873
0.655456	1.332852
0.656753	1.332831
0.658052	1.332811
0.659353	1.33279
0.660658	1.33277
0.661965	1.332749
0.663274	1.332729
0.664586	1.332708
0.6659	1.332688
0.667218	1.332668
0.668537	1.332647
0.66986	1.332627
0.671185	1.332607
0.672512	1.332587
0.673843	1.332567
0.675176	1.332547
0.676511	1.332527
0.677849	1.332507
0.67919	1.332487
0.680534	1.332467
0.68188	1.332447
0.683228	1.332427
0.68458	1.332407
0.685934	1.332387
0.687291	1.332367
0.68865	1.332348
0.690013	1.332328
0.691377	1.332308
0.692745	1.332288
0.694115	1.332269
0.695488	1.332249
0.696864	1.332229
0.698242	1.33221
0.699623	1.33219
0.701007	1.332171
0.702394	1.332151
0.703783	1.332131
0.705175	1.332112
0.70657	1.332092
0.707968	1.332073
0.709368	1.332053
0.710771	1.332034
0.712177	1.332014
0.713586	1.331995
0.714998	1.331975
0.716412	1.331956
0.717829	1.331937
0.719249	1.331917
0.720672	1.331898
0.722097	1.331878
0.723525	1.331859
0.724957	1.33184
0.726391	1.33182
0.727827	1.331801
0.729267	1.331781
0.73071	1.331762
0.732155	1.331743
0.733603	1.331723
0.735054	1.331704
0.736508	1.331685
0.737965	1.331665
0.739425	1.331646
0.740887	1.331626
0.742353	1.331607
0.743821	1.331588
0.745293	1.331568
0.746767	1.331549
0.748244	1.331529
0.749724	1.33151
0.751207	1.33149
0.752693	1.331471
0.754182	1.331452
0.755674	1.331432
0.757168	1.331413
0.758666	1.331393
0.760167	1.331374
0.76167	1.331354
0.763177	1.331335
0.764687	1.331315
0.766199	1.331296
0.767715	1.331276
0.769233	1.331256
0.770755	1.331237
0.772279	1.331217
0.773807	1.331198
0.775338	1.331178
0.776871	1.331158
0.778408	1.331139
0.779948	1.331119
0.781491	1.331099
0.783036	1.331079
0.784585	1.33106
0.786137	1.33104
0.787692	1.33102
0.78925	1.331
0.790811	1.33098
0.792376	1.33096
0.793943	1.33094
0.795513	1.33092
0.797087	1.3309
0.798664	1.33088
0.800243	1.33086
0.801826	1.33084
0.803412	1.33082
0.805002	1.3308
0.806594	1.33078
0.808189	1.33076
0.809788	1.330739
0.81139	1.330719
0.812995	1.330699
0.814603	1.330679
0.816214	1.330658
0.817829	1.330638
0.819446	1.330617
0.821067	1.330597
0.822691	1.330576
0.824319	1.330556
0.825949	1.330535
0.827583	1.330515
0.82922	1.330494
0.83086	1.330473
0.832504	1.330452
0.83415	1.330432
0.8358	1.330411
0.837454	1.33039
0.83911	1.330369
0.84077	1.330348
0.842433	1.330327
0.844099	1.330306
0.845769	1.330285
0.847442	1.330264
0.849118	1.330242
0.850798	1.330221
0.852481	1.3302
0.854167	1.330179
0.855857	1.330157
0.85755	1.330136
0.859246	1.330114
0.860945	1.330093
0.862648	1.330071
0.864355	1.330049
0.866064	1.330028
0.867778	1.330006
0.869494	1.329984
0.871214	1.329962
0.872937	1.32994
0.874664	1.329918
0.876394	1.329896
0.878128	1.329874
0.879865	1.329852
0.881605	1.32983
0.883349	1.329808
0.885096	1.329785
0.886847	1.329763
0.888601	1.32974
0.890359	1.329718
0.89212	1.329695
0.893885	1.329673
0.895653	1.32965
0.897424	1.329627
0.8992	1.329605
0.900978	1.329582
0.90276	1.329559
0.904546	1.329536
0.906335	1.329513
0.908128	1.32949
0.909924	1.329466
0.911724	1.329443
0.913528	1.32942
0.915335	1.329396
0.917145	1.329373
0.918959	1.329349
0.920777	1.329326
0.922598	1.329302
0.924423	1.329278
0.926252	1.329254
0.928084	1.32923
0.92992	1.329206
0.931759	1.329182
0.933602	1.329158
0.935449	1.329134
0.937299	1.32911
0.939153	1.329086
0.941011	1.329061
0.942872	1.329037
0.944737	1.329012
0.946606	1.328987
0.948479	1.328963
0.950355	1.328938
0.952235	1.328913
0.954118	1.328888
0.956005	1.328863
0.957896	1.328838
0.959791	1.328813
0.96169	1.328787
0.963592	1.328762
0.965498	1.328736
0.967408	1.328711
0.969321	1.328685
0.971239	1.32866
0.97316	1.328634
0.975085	1.328608
0.977013	1.328582
0.978946	1.328556
0.980882	1.32853
0.982823	1.328503
0.984767	1.328477
0.986715	1.328451
0.988666	1.328424
0.990622	1.328398
0.992581	1.328371
0.994545	1.328344
0.996512	1.328317
0.998483	1.32829
1.00046	1.328263
1.00244	1.328236
1.00442	1.328209
1.00641	1.328182
1.0084	1.328154
1.01039	1.328127
1.01239	1.328099
1.01439	1.328071
1.0164	1.328043
1.01841	1.328016
1.02042	1.327988
1.02244	1.327959
1.02447	1.327931
1.02649	1.327903
1.02852	1.327874
1.03056	1.327846
1.0326	1.327817
1.03464	1.327789
1.03668	1.32776
1.03874	1.327731
1.04079	1.327702
1.04285	1.327673
1.04491	1.327643
1.04698	1.327614
1.04905	1.327585
1.05112	1.327555
1.0532	1.327525
1.05529	1.327496
1.05737	1.327466
1.05947	1.327436
1.06156	1.327406
1.06366	1.327375
1.06576	1.327345
1.06787	1.327315
1.06999	1.327284
1.0721	1.327254
1.07422	1.327223
1.07635	1.327192
1.07848	1.327161
1.08061	1.32713
1.08275	1.327099
1.08489	1.327067
1.08703	1.327036
1.08919	1.327004
1.09134	1.326972
1.0935	1.326941
1.09566	1.326909
1.09783	1.326877
1.1	1.326844

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS): all datasets

About Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)

Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) is a crucial buffer solution in biological and biochemical research, maintaining pH stability and osmotic balance. Composed of sodium chloride, sodium phosphate, and potassium chloride in distilled water, PBS is isotonic and mimics physiological conditions, making it ideal for cell culture, tissue preparation, and molecular biology applications. Its refractive index, typically around 1.334 at 20°C, ensures minimal light scattering, crucial for microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. PBS's precise formulation and optical properties support its widespread use in maintaining sample integrity and enhancing analytical sensitivity across various scientific disciplines.

Phosphate-buffered saline - Wikipedia

More about Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/other/buffer solutions/PBS/nk/Barroso.yml
ID: ds_b25905202bfc
API: /v1/datasets/ds_b25905202bfc

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