Optical constants
Refractive index of Sn (Tin)
Golovashkin and Motulevich 1964: n,k 0.73–12 µm; 293 K
- Data
- tabulated nk
- Range
- 0.73–12 µm
- Points
- 23
- Temperature
- 293 K
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 4.3376
- Extinction coefficient k
- 17.56
- Permittivity ε1
- -289.539
- Permittivity ε2
- 152.337
- Absorption coefficient α
- 745491 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- 26.8279 nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- 1.56 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- -0.28
- Group velocity dispersion
- — fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- — ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 0.418866 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Sn (Tin): Golovashkin and Motulevich 1964: n,k 0.73–12 µm; 293 K
sn = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Sn", "Golovashkin-293K", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(sn.range_nm) # (730, 12000) nm
eps = sn.eps([2960]) # complex permittivityDownloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_ec6e48fd4158/lightsmith"
sn = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(sn.source) # citation and provenance travel with the dataAny dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (sn/golovashkin-motulevich-1964-293k).
# ... load sn as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=sn)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=730, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelengthSame spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Comments and conditions
Conditions
- temperature
- 293 K
References
Cite
A. I. Golovashkin and G. P. Motulevich. Optical and electrical properties of tin, Sov. Phys. JETP 19, 310-317 (1964); Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
23 rows as published| λ (µm) | n | k |
|---|---|---|
| 0.73 | 2.16 | 6.35 |
| 0.8 | 2.38 | 6.68 |
| 0.9 | 2.94 | 7.28 |
| 1.0 | 3.46 | 7.4 |
| 1.1 | 3.68 | 7.5 |
| 1.15 | 3.75 | 7.58 |
| 1.2 | 3.74 | 7.68 |
| 1.3 | 3.65 | 7.92 |
| 1.4 | 3.46 | 8.26 |
| 1.5 | 3.29 | 8.72 |
| 1.7 | 3.12 | 9.92 |
| 2.0 | 3.09 | 11.8 |
| 2.5 | 3.62 | 14.8 |
| 3.0 | 4.4 | 17.8 |
| 4.0 | 6.18 | 23.2 |
| 5.0 | 8.49 | 28.5 |
| 6.0 | 11.0 | 33.1 |
| 7.0 | 13.8 | 37.1 |
| 8.0 | 16.6 | 40.6 |
| 9.0 | 19.3 | 43.8 |
| 10.0 | 22.0 | 46.4 |
| 11.0 | 24.8 | 49.0 |
| 12.0 | 27.8 | 51.6 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
293 K (19.85 °C)