Optical constants
Refractive index of Sn (Tin)
Golovashkin and Motulevich 1964: n,k 0.73–12 µm; 4.2 K
- Data
- tabulated nk
- Range
- 0.93–12 µm
- Points
- 19
- Temperature
- 4.2 K
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 1.8316
- Extinction coefficient k
- 20.108
- Permittivity ε1
- -400.977
- Permittivity ε2
- 73.6596
- Absorption coefficient α
- 756541 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- 26.4361 nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- 0.74 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- -0.64
- Group velocity dispersion
- — fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- — ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 0.37121 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Sn (Tin): Golovashkin and Motulevich 1964: n,k 0.73–12 µm; 4.2 K
sn = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Sn", "Golovashkin-4.2K", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(sn.range_nm) # (930, 12000) nm
eps = sn.eps([3340]) # complex permittivityDownloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_2314e9598729/lightsmith"
sn = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(sn.source) # citation and provenance travel with the dataAny dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (sn/golovashkin-motulevich-1964-4-2k).
# ... load sn as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=sn)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=930, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelengthSame spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Comments and conditions
Conditions
- temperature
- 4.2 K
References
Cite
A. I. Golovashkin and G. P. Motulevich. Optical properties of tin at helium temperaturs, Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 44-49 (1965); Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
19 rows as published| λ (µm) | n | k |
|---|---|---|
| 0.93 | 2.95 | 7.62 |
| 0.99 | 3.7 | 7.15 |
| 1.2 | 3.05 | 5.98 |
| 1.35 | 2.55 | 6.64 |
| 1.5 | 1.99 | 7.8 |
| 1.7 | 1.51 | 9.35 |
| 2.0 | 1.38 | 11.4 |
| 2.5 | 1.39 | 14.6 |
| 3.0 | 1.58 | 18.0 |
| 3.5 | 1.95 | 21.1 |
| 4.0 | 2.13 | 24.2 |
| 5.0 | 2.75 | 30.0 |
| 6.0 | 3.73 | 35.8 |
| 7.0 | 4.89 | 41.6 |
| 8.0 | 6.05 | 47.4 |
| 9.0 | 7.9 | 53.3 |
| 10.0 | 10.1 | 58.7 |
| 11.0 | 12.6 | 63.4 |
| 12.0 | 15.3 | 67.0 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
4.2 K (-268.95 °C)