C₇H₈ (Toluene)

5 datasets, together covering 0.3001–25.02 µm. Default: Kedenburg et al. 2012: n 0.5–1.6 µm, k 0.5–1.75 µm.

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Tick datasets in the list to add them to the plot (up to 12).

Datasets

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# C7H8 (Toluene): Kedenburg et al. 2012: n 0.5–1.6 µm, k 0.5–1.75 µm
c7h8 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("organic", "toluene", "Kedenburg", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c7h8.range_nm)  # (500, 1600) nm
eps = c7h8.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_5dbd752ef0d2/lightsmith"
c7h8 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(c7h8.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (toluene/kedenburg-2012).

# ... load c7h8 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=c7h8)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=500, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_5dbd752ef0d2/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
c7h8_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

About C7H8 (Toluene)

Toluene (C₇H₈) is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive, pungent odor reminiscent of paint thinners. It is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon, found at low concentrations in crude oil and is a major component of gasoline. Toluene is widely used as an industrial solvent for paints, coatings, adhesives, and other applications. Furthermore, it serves as an important precursor in the synthesis of a variety of chemicals, especially benzene, xylenes, and a range of polymers and resins. Due to its refractive qualities, it can be of interest in optical studies. While it has various industrial and chemical applications, toluene is also known to have neurotoxic effects and can be harmful if inhaled in large quantities. Proper care should be taken when working with this compound.

Other names: C7H8, C₇H₈, Methylbenzene, Phenylmethane, Toluol, Anisen

API: /v1/materials/mat_528024842a4a · slug toluene