Optical constants

Refractive index of V (Vanadium)

Werner et al. 2009: n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.01759–2.48 µm
Points: 150
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 0.531751
Extinction coefficient k: 4.90885

Permittivity ε₁: -23.8141
Permittivity ε₂: 5.22057

Absorption coefficient α: 1.04980e+06 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 19.0512 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -1.98171 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.6962
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# V (Vanadium): Werner et al. 2009: n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm
v = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "V", "Werner", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(v.range_nm)  # (17.586, 2479.68) nm
eps = v.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_b2ea875a8d43/lightsmith"
v = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(v.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (v/werner-2009).

# ... load v as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=v)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Experimental data: Derived from reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra.

References

W. S. M. Werner, K. Glantschnig, C. Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical constants and inelastic electron-scattering data for 17 elemental metals. J. Phys Chem Ref. Data 38, 1013-1092 (2009)

doi:10.1063/1.3243762 Optical Constants and Inelastic Electron-Scattering Data for 17 Elemental Metals, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (2009)

Cite

Wolfgang S. M. Werner, Kathrin Glantschnig and Claudia Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical Constants and Inelastic Electron-Scattering Data for 17 Elemental Metals. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 38, 1013-1092 (2009), doi:10.1063/1.3243762; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

150 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

V (Vanadium), Werner et al. 2009: n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.017586	0.9103	0.0269
0.017712	0.907	0.027
0.017839	0.9043	0.0271
0.017969	0.901	0.0272
0.0181	0.8982	0.0273
0.018233	0.8949	0.0279
0.018368	0.8915	0.028
0.018505	0.8876	0.0287
0.018644	0.8842	0.0294
0.018785	0.8803	0.0301
0.018929	0.8769	0.0308
0.019074	0.8723	0.0315
0.019222	0.8684	0.0328
0.019373	0.8638	0.0342
0.019525	0.8598	0.0355
0.01968	0.8546	0.0369
0.019837	0.8494	0.0389
0.019997	0.8442	0.0409
0.02016	0.839	0.0435
0.020325	0.8331	0.0456
0.020493	0.8267	0.049
0.020664	0.8196	0.0525
0.020838	0.8125	0.0566
0.021014	0.8048	0.0615
0.021194	0.7966	0.0672
0.021377	0.7883	0.0736
0.021562	0.7783	0.0822
0.021752	0.7685	0.093
0.021944	0.7593	0.1073
0.02214	0.7508	0.1252
0.022339	0.747	0.1486
0.022543	0.7514	0.175
0.022749	0.7688	0.1977
0.02296	0.7928	0.2062
0.023175	0.8098	0.1994
0.023393	0.8141	0.1892
0.023616	0.8079	0.1838
0.023843	0.7982	0.1848
0.024075	0.7886	0.1921
0.024311	0.7796	0.2046
0.024551	0.7737	0.2204
0.024797	0.7711	0.2399
0.025047	0.7727	0.2608
0.025303	0.779	0.2824
0.025564	0.7901	0.3038
0.02583	0.8057	0.3227
0.026102	0.8252	0.3375
0.02638	0.848	0.3479
0.026663	0.8706	0.3521
0.026953	0.8919	0.3515
0.027249	0.9099	0.3462
0.027552	0.9227	0.3381
0.027862	0.9305	0.3299
0.028178	0.9325	0.3233
0.028502	0.9312	0.3211
0.028834	0.9269	0.3258
0.029173	0.924	0.3387
0.02952	0.9269	0.3609
0.029876	0.9432	0.3907
0.03024	0.98	0.4189
0.030613	1.0366	0.4307
0.030996	1.0988	0.4127
0.031388	1.1469	0.3679
0.031791	1.1695	0.3125
0.032204	1.1704	0.2606
0.032627	1.1589	0.2192
0.033062	1.1415	0.187
0.033509	1.1219	0.1631
0.033968	1.1024	0.1456
0.03444	1.0832	0.132
0.034925	1.0648	0.1221
0.035424	1.047	0.1146
0.035937	1.0305	0.1092
0.036466	1.0139	0.105
0.03701	0.9982	0.1022
0.037571	0.9829	0.1007
0.038149	0.968	0.0997
0.038745	0.9529	0.1002
0.03936	0.9382	0.1007
0.039995	0.9234	0.1029
0.040651	0.9083	0.1051
0.041328	0.8931	0.108
0.042029	0.8773	0.1123
0.042753	0.8618	0.1172
0.043503	0.8457	0.123
0.04428	0.8287	0.1297
0.045085	0.8118	0.138
0.04592	0.7941	0.1467
0.046786	0.7758	0.1579
0.047686	0.7569	0.1698
0.048621	0.7376	0.1844
0.049594	0.7172	0.2008
0.050606	0.6972	0.2194
0.05166	0.6768	0.2409
0.052759	0.6569	0.2656
0.053906	0.6382	0.2938
0.055104	0.6205	0.3256
0.056356	0.6055	0.36
0.057667	0.5928	0.3981
0.05904	0.5835	0.4387
0.06048	0.578	0.4818
0.061992	0.5769	0.5261
0.063582	0.5801	0.5706
0.065255	0.5873	0.6147
0.067018	0.5982	0.6587
0.06888	0.6127	0.701
0.070848	0.6302	0.741
0.072932	0.6495	0.779
0.075142	0.6703	0.8138
0.07749	0.6911	0.8465
0.07999	0.7109	0.8771
0.082656	0.7283	0.9069
0.085506	0.7423	0.9376
0.08856	0.753	0.9721
0.09184	0.761	1.0145
0.095372	0.7712	1.0704
0.099187	0.7958	1.146
0.10332	0.868	1.2322
0.107812	1.0053	1.2444
0.112713	1.0443	1.1496
0.11808	0.9861	1.1333
0.123984	0.9466	1.1837
0.13051	0.9364	1.2537
0.13776	0.945	1.3259
0.145864	0.9626	1.3941
0.15498	0.9796	1.4593
0.165312	0.988	1.5258
0.17712	0.9825	1.6041
0.190745	0.9643	1.7079
0.20664	0.9431	1.8503
0.225426	0.9348	2.0369
0.247968	0.9556	2.2635
0.261019	0.9802	2.3872
0.27552	1.0138	2.5143
0.291728	1.054	2.6414
0.30996	1.0947	2.7659
0.330625	1.1267	2.8876
0.354241	1.136	3.0119
0.38149	1.1077	3.1539
0.413281	1.0314	3.3409
0.450852	0.9091	3.6096
0.495937	0.7582	3.9967
0.551041	0.6042	4.5318
0.619921	0.4677	5.2422
0.708481	0.3599	6.1706
0.826561	0.2844	7.3995
0.991874	0.2445	9.0911
1.239842	0.2503	11.5823
1.653123	0.3393	15.6668
2.479684	0.6754	23.7271

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

V (Vanadium): all datasets

Experimental data

Models and simulations

Werner et al. 2009: DFT calculations; n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm n,k 0.01759–2.48 µm

About V (Vanadium)

Vanadium (V) is a transition metal with a silvery-gray appearance. It is found in various minerals, notably vanadinite and carnotite, and is used primarily in the production of steel alloys such as high-speed tool steels. Its compounds are known for their vibrant colors and are used as catalysts, dye and print mordants, and in the manufacture of certain kinds of glass. Vanadium steel is known for its high strength and resistance to wear, making it useful in automotive parts, tools, and springs. Vanadium redox flow batteries, which take advantage of the multiple oxidation states of vanadium, are also being developed as a method for large-scale energy storage. The metal's natural occurrence in living organisms is still a topic of study, though it has been recognized in certain marine organisms and fungi.

More about V (Vanadium) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/V/nk/Werner.yml
ID: ds_b2ea875a8d43
API: /v1/datasets/ds_b2ea875a8d43

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