Optical constants

Refractive index of WS₂ (Tungsten disulfide)

Zotev et al. 2023: n,k(e) 0.36–1.0 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.36–1 µm
Points: 402
Optical axis: e
Licence: CC0-1.0

Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 2.84896
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 8.11658
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.065 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 2.88715
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# WS2 (Tungsten disulfide): Zotev et al. 2023: n,k(e) 0.36–1.0 µm
ws2 = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "WS2", "Zotev-e", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(ws2.range_nm)  # (360, 1000) nm
eps = ws2.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_5c11b985aa36/lightsmith"
ws2 = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(ws2.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (ws2/zotev-2023-e).

# ... load ws2 as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=ws2)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Multilayer crystals. Out-of-plane (extraordinary ray, e). Room temperature.

Conditions

direction: e

References

P. G. Zotev, Y. Wang, D. Andres-Penares, T. Severs-Millard, S. Randerson, X. Hu, L. Sortino, C. Louca, M. Brotons-Gisbert, T. Huq, S. Vezzoli, R. Sapienza, T. F. Krauss, B. D. Gerardot, A. I. Tartakovskii. Van der Waals materials for applications in nanophotonics. Laser and Photonics Rev. 17, 2200957 (2023) (Numerical data kindly provided by Panaiot Zotev)

doi:10.1002/lpor.202200957 Van der Waals Materials for Applications in Nanophotonics, Laser & Photonics Reviews (2023)

Cite

Panaiot G. Zotev et al.. Van der Waals Materials for Applications in Nanophotonics. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 17, 2200957 (2023), doi:10.1002/lpor.202200957; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

402 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

WS2 (Tungsten disulfide), Zotev et al. 2023: n,k(e) 0.36–1.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.36	2.88719	0.0
0.362	2.88665	0.0
0.363	2.88611	0.0
0.365	2.88559	0.0
0.366	2.88507	0.0
0.368	2.88456	0.0
0.37	2.88405	0.0
0.371	2.88355	0.0
0.373	2.88306	0.0
0.374	2.88257	0.0
0.376	2.88209	0.0
0.378	2.88162	0.0
0.379	2.88115	0.0
0.381	2.88069	0.0
0.382	2.88023	0.0
0.384	2.87978	0.0
0.386	2.87933	0.0
0.387	2.87889	0.0
0.389	2.87846	0.0
0.39	2.87803	0.0
0.392	2.87761	0.0
0.394	2.87719	0.0
0.395	2.87677	0.0
0.397	2.87637	0.0
0.398	2.87596	0.0
0.4	2.87556	0.0
0.402	2.87517	0.0
0.403	2.87478	0.0
0.405	2.87439	0.0
0.406	2.87401	0.0
0.408	2.87364	0.0
0.41	2.87327	0.0
0.411	2.8729	0.0
0.413	2.87254	0.0
0.414	2.87218	0.0
0.416	2.87182	0.0
0.418	2.87147	0.0
0.419	2.87113	0.0
0.421	2.87078	0.0
0.422	2.87045	0.0
0.424	2.87011	0.0
0.426	2.86978	0.0
0.427	2.86945	0.0
0.429	2.86913	0.0
0.43	2.86881	0.0
0.432	2.86849	0.0
0.434	2.86818	0.0
0.435	2.86787	0.0
0.437	2.86756	0.0
0.438	2.86726	0.0
0.44	2.86696	0.0
0.442	2.86666	0.0
0.443	2.86637	0.0
0.445	2.86608	0.0
0.446	2.86579	0.0
0.448	2.86551	0.0
0.45	2.86523	0.0
0.451	2.86495	0.0
0.453	2.86468	0.0
0.454	2.86441	0.0
0.456	2.86414	0.0
0.458	2.86387	0.0
0.459	2.86361	0.0
0.461	2.86335	0.0
0.462	2.86309	0.0
0.464	2.86283	0.0
0.466	2.86258	0.0
0.467	2.86233	0.0
0.469	2.86208	0.0
0.47	2.86184	0.0
0.472	2.8616	0.0
0.474	2.86136	0.0
0.475	2.86112	0.0
0.477	2.86088	0.0
0.478	2.86065	0.0
0.48	2.86042	0.0
0.482	2.86019	0.0
0.483	2.85996	0.0
0.485	2.85974	0.0
0.486	2.85952	0.0
0.488	2.8593	0.0
0.49	2.85908	0.0
0.491	2.85887	0.0
0.493	2.85865	0.0
0.494	2.85844	0.0
0.496	2.85823	0.0
0.498	2.85803	0.0
0.499	2.85782	0.0
0.501	2.85762	0.0
0.502	2.85742	0.0
0.504	2.85722	0.0
0.506	2.85702	0.0
0.507	2.85683	0.0
0.509	2.85663	0.0
0.51	2.85644	0.0
0.512	2.85625	0.0
0.514	2.85606	0.0
0.515	2.85588	0.0
0.517	2.85569	0.0
0.518	2.85551	0.0
0.52	2.85533	0.0
0.522	2.85515	0.0
0.523	2.85497	0.0
0.525	2.85479	0.0
0.526	2.85462	0.0
0.528	2.85445	0.0
0.53	2.85427	0.0
0.531	2.8541	0.0
0.532	2.85401	0.0
0.533	2.85393	0.0
0.534	2.85377	0.0
0.536	2.8536	0.0
0.538	2.85344	0.0
0.539	2.85328	0.0
0.541	2.85311	0.0
0.542	2.85295	0.0
0.544	2.8528	0.0
0.546	2.85264	0.0
0.547	2.85248	0.0
0.549	2.85233	0.0
0.55	2.85218	0.0
0.552	2.85203	0.0
0.554	2.85188	0.0
0.555	2.85173	0.0
0.557	2.85158	0.0
0.558	2.85143	0.0
0.56	2.85129	0.0
0.562	2.85114	0.0
0.563	2.851	0.0
0.565	2.85086	0.0
0.566	2.85072	0.0
0.568	2.85058	0.0
0.57	2.85044	0.0
0.571	2.85031	0.0
0.573	2.85017	0.0
0.574	2.85004	0.0
0.576	2.8499	0.0
0.578	2.84977	0.0
0.579	2.84964	0.0
0.581	2.84951	0.0
0.582	2.84938	0.0
0.584	2.84925	0.0
0.586	2.84912	0.0
0.587	2.849	0.0
0.589	2.84887	0.0
0.59	2.84875	0.0
0.592	2.84863	0.0
0.594	2.84851	0.0
0.595	2.84838	0.0
0.597	2.84826	0.0
0.598	2.84815	0.0
0.6	2.84803	0.0
0.602	2.84791	0.0
0.603	2.84779	0.0
0.605	2.84768	0.0
0.606	2.84757	0.0
0.608	2.84745	0.0
0.61	2.84734	0.0
0.611	2.84723	0.0
0.613	2.84712	0.0
0.614	2.84701	0.0
0.616	2.8469	0.0
0.618	2.84679	0.0
0.619	2.84668	0.0
0.621	2.84658	0.0
0.622	2.84647	0.0
0.624	2.84637	0.0
0.626	2.84626	0.0
0.627	2.84616	0.0
0.629	2.84606	0.0
0.63	2.84595	0.0
0.632	2.84585	0.0
0.634	2.84575	0.0
0.635	2.84565	0.0
0.637	2.84556	0.0
0.638	2.84546	0.0
0.64	2.84536	0.0
0.642	2.84526	0.0
0.643	2.84517	0.0
0.645	2.84507	0.0
0.646	2.84498	0.0
0.648	2.84489	0.0
0.65	2.84479	0.0
0.651	2.8447	0.0
0.653	2.84461	0.0
0.654	2.84452	0.0
0.656	2.84443	0.0
0.658	2.84434	0.0
0.659	2.84425	0.0
0.661	2.84416	0.0
0.662	2.84407	0.0
0.664	2.84399	0.0
0.666	2.8439	0.0
0.667	2.84381	0.0
0.669	2.84373	0.0
0.67	2.84364	0.0
0.672	2.84356	0.0
0.674	2.84348	0.0
0.675	2.84339	0.0
0.677	2.84331	0.0
0.678	2.84323	0.0
0.68	2.84315	0.0
0.682	2.84307	0.0
0.683	2.84299	0.0
0.685	2.84291	0.0
0.686	2.84283	0.0
0.688	2.84275	0.0
0.69	2.84268	0.0
0.691	2.8426	0.0
0.693	2.84252	0.0
0.694	2.84245	0.0
0.696	2.84237	0.0
0.698	2.8423	0.0
0.699	2.84222	0.0
0.701	2.84215	0.0
0.702	2.84207	0.0
0.704	2.842	0.0
0.706	2.84193	0.0
0.707	2.84186	0.0
0.709	2.84178	0.0
0.71	2.84171	0.0
0.712	2.84164	0.0
0.714	2.84157	0.0
0.715	2.8415	0.0
0.717	2.84143	0.0
0.718	2.84137	0.0
0.72	2.8413	0.0
0.722	2.84123	0.0
0.723	2.84116	0.0
0.725	2.8411	0.0
0.726	2.84103	0.0
0.728	2.84096	0.0
0.73	2.8409	0.0
0.731	2.84083	0.0
0.733	2.84077	0.0
0.734	2.8407	0.0
0.736	2.84064	0.0
0.738	2.84058	0.0
0.739	2.84051	0.0
0.741	2.84045	0.0
0.742	2.84039	0.0
0.744	2.84033	0.0
0.746	2.84026	0.0
0.747	2.8402	0.0
0.749	2.84014	0.0
0.75	2.84008	0.0
0.752	2.84002	0.0
0.754	2.83996	0.0
0.755	2.8399	0.0
0.757	2.83985	0.0
0.758	2.83979	0.0
0.76	2.83973	0.0
0.762	2.83967	0.0
0.763	2.83961	0.0
0.765	2.83956	0.0
0.766	2.8395	0.0
0.768	2.83944	0.0
0.77	2.83939	0.0
0.771	2.83933	0.0
0.773	2.83928	0.0
0.774	2.83922	0.0
0.776	2.83917	0.0
0.778	2.83911	0.0
0.779	2.83906	0.0
0.781	2.83901	0.0
0.782	2.83895	0.0
0.784	2.8389	0.0
0.786	2.83885	0.0
0.787	2.8388	0.0
0.789	2.83875	0.0
0.79	2.83869	0.0
0.792	2.83864	0.0
0.794	2.83859	0.0
0.795	2.83854	0.0
0.797	2.83849	0.0
0.798	2.83844	0.0
0.8	2.83839	0.0
0.802	2.83834	0.0
0.803	2.83829	0.0
0.805	2.83824	0.0
0.806	2.83819	0.0
0.808	2.83815	0.0
0.81	2.8381	0.0
0.811	2.83805	0.0
0.813	2.838	0.0
0.814	2.83796	0.0
0.816	2.83791	0.0
0.818	2.83786	0.0
0.819	2.83782	0.0
0.821	2.83777	0.0
0.822	2.83772	0.0
0.824	2.83768	0.0
0.826	2.83763	0.0
0.827	2.83759	0.0
0.829	2.83754	0.0
0.83	2.8375	0.0
0.832	2.83746	0.0
0.834	2.83741	0.0
0.835	2.83737	0.0
0.837	2.83732	0.0
0.838	2.83728	0.0
0.84	2.83724	0.0
0.842	2.8372	0.0
0.843	2.83715	0.0
0.845	2.83711	0.0
0.846	2.83707	0.0
0.848	2.83703	0.0
0.85	2.83699	0.0
0.851	2.83694	0.0
0.853	2.8369	0.0
0.854	2.83686	0.0
0.856	2.83682	0.0
0.858	2.83678	0.0
0.859	2.83674	0.0
0.861	2.8367	0.0
0.862	2.83666	0.0
0.864	2.83662	0.0
0.866	2.83658	0.0
0.867	2.83654	0.0
0.869	2.83651	0.0
0.87	2.83647	0.0
0.872	2.83643	0.0
0.874	2.83639	0.0
0.875	2.83635	0.0
0.877	2.83632	0.0
0.878	2.83628	0.0
0.88	2.83624	0.0
0.882	2.8362	0.0
0.883	2.83617	0.0
0.885	2.83613	0.0
0.886	2.83609	0.0
0.888	2.83606	0.0
0.89	2.83602	0.0
0.891	2.83598	0.0
0.893	2.83595	0.0
0.894	2.83591	0.0
0.896	2.83588	0.0
0.898	2.83584	0.0
0.899	2.83581	0.0
0.901	2.83577	0.0
0.902	2.83574	0.0
0.904	2.8357	0.0
0.906	2.83567	0.0
0.907	2.83564	0.0
0.909	2.8356	0.0
0.91	2.83557	0.0
0.912	2.83553	0.0
0.914	2.8355	0.0
0.915	2.83547	0.0
0.917	2.83543	0.0
0.918	2.8354	0.0
0.92	2.83537	0.0
0.922	2.83534	0.0
0.923	2.8353	0.0
0.925	2.83527	0.0
0.926	2.83524	0.0
0.928	2.83521	0.0
0.93	2.83518	0.0
0.931	2.83515	0.0
0.933	2.83511	0.0
0.934	2.83508	0.0
0.936	2.83505	0.0
0.938	2.83502	0.0
0.939	2.83499	0.0
0.941	2.83496	0.0
0.942	2.83493	0.0
0.944	2.8349	0.0
0.946	2.83487	0.0
0.947	2.83484	0.0
0.949	2.83481	0.0
0.95	2.83478	0.0
0.952	2.83475	0.0
0.954	2.83472	0.0
0.955	2.83469	0.0
0.957	2.83466	0.0
0.958	2.83463	0.0
0.96	2.8346	0.0
0.962	2.83458	0.0
0.963	2.83455	0.0
0.965	2.83452	0.0
0.966	2.83449	0.0
0.968	2.83446	0.0
0.97	2.83444	0.0
0.971	2.83441	0.0
0.973	2.83438	0.0
0.974	2.83435	0.0
0.976	2.83432	0.0
0.978	2.8343	0.0
0.979	2.83427	0.0
0.981	2.83424	0.0
0.982	2.83422	0.0
0.984	2.83419	0.0
0.986	2.83416	0.0
0.987	2.83414	0.0
0.989	2.83411	0.0
0.99	2.83408	0.0
0.992	2.83406	0.0
0.994	2.83403	0.0
0.995	2.83401	0.0
0.997	2.83398	0.0
0.998	2.83396	0.0
1.0	2.83393	0.0

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

WS₂ (Tungsten disulfide): all datasets

Bulk

2D structures

Multilayer flakes

About WS2 (Tungsten disulfide)

Tungsten disulfide (WS₂) is a layered transition metal dichalcogenide that possesses distinct properties based on its structural morphology. In its three-dimensional bulk form, WS₂ has indirect bandgap semiconducting properties, which contrasts its behavior when isolated to a monolayer or few-layer forms. When exfoliated to these thin layers, WS₂ undergoes a transition to a direct bandgap semiconductor, making it intriguing for potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics. This material's unique hexagonal structure gives it excellent lubrication capabilities, often preferred in environments with high pressures and temperatures. Furthermore, research continues into its promise in nanoelectronic devices, spintronic applications, and as a component in heterostructures with other two-dimensional materials.

Tungsten disulfide - Wikipedia

More about WS2 (Tungsten disulfide) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/WS2/nk/Zotev-e.yml
ID: ds_5c11b985aa36
API: /v1/datasets/ds_5c11b985aa36

Plot