Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.0007
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 1.0014
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 50.391
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -7.13593e-05 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.00074
Group velocity dispersion: 0.136103 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -0.742517 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Xe (Xenon): Cuthbertson and Cuthbertson 1910: n 0.480–0.671 µm
xe = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Xe", "Cuthbertson", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(xe.range_nm)  # (480, 670.8) nm
eps = xe.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_b0069854567e/lightsmith"
xe = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(xe.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (xe/cuthbertson-cuthbertson-1910).

# ... load xe as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=xe)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=480, stop_nm=670, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Gases (formula 6), λ in µm

n - 1 = \frac{0.068104197}{99.892276 - λ^{−2}}

Valid from 0.48 to 0.6708 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.0
C2	0.068104197
C3	99.892276

Comments and conditions

Standard conditions: 0 °C, 760 torr (101.325 kPa).

Conditions

temperature: 273.15 K
pressure: 101325

References

1) C. Cuthbertson and M. Cuthbertson. The refraction and dispersion of argon, and redeterminations of the dispersion of helium, neon, krypton, and xenon. Proc. R. Soc. London A 84, 13-15 (1910)
2) C. Cuthbertson and M. Cuthbertson. On the refraction and dispersion of neon. Proc. R. Soc. London A 83, 149-151 (1910)
* Ref. 1 doesn't cite gas temperature and pressure. See the earlier publication by the same authors (ref. 2) instead.

doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0052 The refraction and dispersion of argon, and redeterminations of the dispersion of helium, neon, krypton, and xenon, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character (1910)
doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0001 On the refraction and dispersion of neon, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character (1910)

Cite

Clive Cuthbertson and Maude Cuthbertson. The refraction and dispersion of argon, and redeterminations of the dispersion of helium, neon, krypton, and xenon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, 84, 13-15 (1910), doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0052; Clive Cuthbertson and Maude Cuthbertson. On the refraction and dispersion of neon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, 83, 149-151 (1910), doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0001; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Xe (Xenon), Cuthbertson and Cuthbertson 1910: n 0.480–0.671 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.48	1.000713
0.480403	1.000713
0.480806	1.000713
0.481209	1.000713
0.481613	1.000713
0.482017	1.000712
0.482422	1.000712
0.482827	1.000712
0.483232	1.000712
0.483637	1.000712
0.484043	1.000712
0.484449	1.000712
0.484856	1.000712
0.485263	1.000712
0.48567	1.000712
0.486078	1.000712
0.486485	1.000712
0.486894	1.000712
0.487302	1.000712
0.487711	1.000712
0.48812	1.000712
0.48853	1.000712
0.48894	1.000712
0.48935	1.000712
0.489761	1.000711
0.490172	1.000711
0.490583	1.000711
0.490995	1.000711
0.491407	1.000711
0.491819	1.000711
0.492232	1.000711
0.492645	1.000711
0.493059	1.000711
0.493472	1.000711
0.493886	1.000711
0.494301	1.000711
0.494716	1.000711
0.495131	1.000711
0.495546	1.000711
0.495962	1.000711
0.496378	1.000711
0.496795	1.000711
0.497212	1.000711
0.497629	1.00071
0.498047	1.00071
0.498465	1.00071
0.498883	1.00071
0.499302	1.00071
0.499721	1.00071
0.50014	1.00071
0.50056	1.00071
0.50098	1.00071
0.5014	1.00071
0.501821	1.00071
0.502242	1.00071
0.502663	1.00071
0.503085	1.00071
0.503507	1.00071
0.50393	1.00071
0.504353	1.00071
0.504776	1.00071
0.5052	1.00071
0.505623	1.00071
0.506048	1.00071
0.506472	1.000709
0.506897	1.000709
0.507323	1.000709
0.507749	1.000709
0.508175	1.000709
0.508601	1.000709
0.509028	1.000709
0.509455	1.000709
0.509883	1.000709
0.51031	1.000709
0.510739	1.000709
0.511167	1.000709
0.511596	1.000709
0.512025	1.000709
0.512455	1.000709
0.512885	1.000709
0.513316	1.000709
0.513746	1.000709
0.514177	1.000709
0.514609	1.000709
0.515041	1.000709
0.515473	1.000708
0.515906	1.000708
0.516338	1.000708
0.516772	1.000708
0.517205	1.000708
0.517639	1.000708
0.518074	1.000708
0.518509	1.000708
0.518944	1.000708
0.519379	1.000708
0.519815	1.000708
0.520251	1.000708
0.520688	1.000708
0.521125	1.000708
0.521562	1.000708
0.522	1.000708
0.522438	1.000708
0.522876	1.000708
0.523315	1.000708
0.523754	1.000708
0.524194	1.000708
0.524633	1.000708
0.525074	1.000707
0.525514	1.000707
0.525955	1.000707
0.526397	1.000707
0.526838	1.000707
0.527281	1.000707
0.527723	1.000707
0.528166	1.000707
0.528609	1.000707
0.529053	1.000707
0.529497	1.000707
0.529941	1.000707
0.530386	1.000707
0.530831	1.000707
0.531276	1.000707
0.531722	1.000707
0.532168	1.000707
0.532615	1.000707
0.533062	1.000707
0.533509	1.000707
0.533957	1.000707
0.534405	1.000707
0.534853	1.000706
0.535302	1.000706
0.535751	1.000706
0.536201	1.000706
0.536651	1.000706
0.537101	1.000706
0.537552	1.000706
0.538003	1.000706
0.538454	1.000706
0.538906	1.000706
0.539359	1.000706
0.539811	1.000706
0.540264	1.000706
0.540718	1.000706
0.541171	1.000706
0.541625	1.000706
0.54208	1.000706
0.542535	1.000706
0.54299	1.000706
0.543446	1.000706
0.543902	1.000706
0.544358	1.000706
0.544815	1.000706
0.545272	1.000706
0.54573	1.000705
0.546188	1.000705
0.546646	1.000705
0.547105	1.000705
0.547564	1.000705
0.548023	1.000705
0.548483	1.000705
0.548944	1.000705
0.549404	1.000705
0.549865	1.000705
0.550327	1.000705
0.550788	1.000705
0.551251	1.000705
0.551713	1.000705
0.552176	1.000705
0.55264	1.000705
0.553103	1.000705
0.553567	1.000705
0.554032	1.000705
0.554497	1.000705
0.554962	1.000705
0.555428	1.000705
0.555894	1.000705
0.556361	1.000705
0.556827	1.000705
0.557295	1.000704
0.557762	1.000704
0.55823	1.000704
0.558699	1.000704
0.559168	1.000704
0.559637	1.000704
0.560107	1.000704
0.560577	1.000704
0.561047	1.000704
0.561518	1.000704
0.561989	1.000704
0.562461	1.000704
0.562933	1.000704
0.563405	1.000704
0.563878	1.000704
0.564351	1.000704
0.564825	1.000704
0.565299	1.000704
0.565773	1.000704
0.566248	1.000704
0.566723	1.000704
0.567198	1.000704
0.567674	1.000704
0.568151	1.000704
0.568628	1.000704
0.569105	1.000704
0.569582	1.000703
0.57006	1.000703
0.570539	1.000703
0.571017	1.000703
0.571497	1.000703
0.571976	1.000703
0.572456	1.000703
0.572936	1.000703
0.573417	1.000703
0.573898	1.000703
0.57438	1.000703
0.574862	1.000703
0.575344	1.000703
0.575827	1.000703
0.57631	1.000703
0.576794	1.000703
0.577278	1.000703
0.577763	1.000703
0.578247	1.000703
0.578733	1.000703
0.579218	1.000703
0.579704	1.000703
0.580191	1.000703
0.580678	1.000703
0.581165	1.000703
0.581653	1.000703
0.582141	1.000703
0.582629	1.000702
0.583118	1.000702
0.583608	1.000702
0.584097	1.000702
0.584587	1.000702
0.585078	1.000702
0.585569	1.000702
0.58606	1.000702
0.586552	1.000702
0.587044	1.000702
0.587537	1.000702
0.58803	1.000702
0.588523	1.000702
0.589017	1.000702
0.589512	1.000702
0.590006	1.000702
0.590501	1.000702
0.590997	1.000702
0.591493	1.000702
0.591989	1.000702
0.592486	1.000702
0.592983	1.000702
0.593481	1.000702
0.593979	1.000702
0.594477	1.000702
0.594976	1.000702
0.595475	1.000702
0.595975	1.000702
0.596475	1.000702
0.596976	1.000701
0.597477	1.000701
0.597978	1.000701
0.59848	1.000701
0.598982	1.000701
0.599485	1.000701
0.599988	1.000701
0.600491	1.000701
0.600995	1.000701
0.6015	1.000701
0.602004	1.000701
0.60251	1.000701
0.603015	1.000701
0.603521	1.000701
0.604028	1.000701
0.604534	1.000701
0.605042	1.000701
0.605549	1.000701
0.606058	1.000701
0.606566	1.000701
0.607075	1.000701
0.607585	1.000701
0.608095	1.000701
0.608605	1.000701
0.609116	1.000701
0.609627	1.000701
0.610138	1.000701
0.61065	1.000701
0.611163	1.000701
0.611676	1.000701
0.612189	1.0007
0.612703	1.0007
0.613217	1.0007
0.613731	1.0007
0.614246	1.0007
0.614762	1.0007
0.615278	1.0007
0.615794	1.0007
0.616311	1.0007
0.616828	1.0007
0.617346	1.0007
0.617864	1.0007
0.618382	1.0007
0.618901	1.0007
0.61942	1.0007
0.61994	1.0007
0.62046	1.0007
0.620981	1.0007
0.621502	1.0007
0.622024	1.0007
0.622546	1.0007
0.623068	1.0007
0.623591	1.0007
0.624114	1.0007
0.624638	1.0007
0.625162	1.0007
0.625687	1.0007
0.626212	1.0007
0.626737	1.0007
0.627263	1.0007
0.62779	1.0007
0.628316	1.0007
0.628844	1.000699
0.629371	1.000699
0.6299	1.000699
0.630428	1.000699
0.630957	1.000699
0.631487	1.000699
0.632017	1.000699
0.632547	1.000699
0.633078	1.000699
0.633609	1.000699
0.634141	1.000699
0.634673	1.000699
0.635205	1.000699
0.635738	1.000699
0.636272	1.000699
0.636806	1.000699
0.63734	1.000699
0.637875	1.000699
0.63841	1.000699
0.638946	1.000699
0.639482	1.000699
0.640019	1.000699
0.640556	1.000699
0.641094	1.000699
0.641631	1.000699
0.64217	1.000699
0.642709	1.000699
0.643248	1.000699
0.643788	1.000699
0.644328	1.000699
0.644869	1.000699
0.64541	1.000699
0.645952	1.000699
0.646494	1.000699
0.647036	1.000698
0.647579	1.000698
0.648123	1.000698
0.648666	1.000698
0.649211	1.000698
0.649756	1.000698
0.650301	1.000698
0.650847	1.000698
0.651393	1.000698
0.651939	1.000698
0.652486	1.000698
0.653034	1.000698
0.653582	1.000698
0.65413	1.000698
0.654679	1.000698
0.655229	1.000698
0.655779	1.000698
0.656329	1.000698
0.65688	1.000698
0.657431	1.000698
0.657983	1.000698
0.658535	1.000698
0.659087	1.000698
0.65964	1.000698
0.660194	1.000698
0.660748	1.000698
0.661302	1.000698
0.661857	1.000698
0.662413	1.000698
0.662969	1.000698
0.663525	1.000698
0.664082	1.000698
0.664639	1.000698
0.665197	1.000698
0.665755	1.000698
0.666314	1.000698
0.666873	1.000697
0.667432	1.000697
0.667993	1.000697
0.668553	1.000697
0.669114	1.000697
0.669676	1.000697
0.670238	1.000697
0.6708	1.000697

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Plot