Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.37701
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 1.89616
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 36.209
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0562991 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.41009
Group velocity dispersion: -5.23366 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: 28.5524 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Xe (Xenon): Grace et al. 2017: Liquid at 161.35 K; n 0.157–0.660 µm
xe = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Xe", "Grace-liquid-161.35K", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(xe.range_nm)  # (157, 660) nm
eps = xe.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_0ed2e0f130fa/lightsmith"
xe = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(xe.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (xe/grace-2017-liquid-161-35k).

# ... load xe as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=xe)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=660, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_0ed2e0f130fa/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
xe_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (formula 1), λ in µm

n^{2} - 1 = 0.5 + \frac{0.38 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {0.1469}^{2}} + \frac{0.009 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {0.827}^{2}}

Valid from 0.157 to 0.66 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.5
C2	0.38
C3	0.1469
C4	0.009
C5	0.827

Comments and conditions

Liquid xenon at 161.35 K (-111.80 °C, melting point).

Conditions

temperature: 161.35 K

References

E. Grace, A. Butcher, J. Monroe, J. A. Nikkel. Index of refraction, Rayleigh scattering length, and Sellmeier coefficients in solid and liquid argon and xenon. Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 867, 204-208 (2017)

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.06.031 Index of refraction, Rayleigh scattering length, and Sellmeier coefficients in solid and liquid argon and xenon, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment (2017)

Cite

Emily Grace, Alistair Butcher, Jocelyn Monroe and James A. Nikkel. Index of refraction, Rayleigh scattering length, and Sellmeier coefficients in solid and liquid argon and xenon. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 867, 204-208 (2017), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.06.031; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Xe (Xenon), Grace et al. 2017: Liquid at 161.35 K; n 0.157–0.660 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.157	2.133374
0.157566	2.09876
0.158134	2.067035
0.158704	2.037842
0.159277	2.010884
0.159851	1.985906
0.160427	1.962694
0.161006	1.941063
0.161586	1.920854
0.162169	1.901928
0.162753	1.884165
0.16334	1.86746
0.163929	1.851718
0.16452	1.836859
0.165113	1.822808
0.165709	1.8095
0.166306	1.796879
0.166906	1.78489
0.167507	1.773488
0.168111	1.762629
0.168717	1.752276
0.169326	1.742395
0.169936	1.732952
0.170549	1.72392
0.171164	1.715271
0.171781	1.706983
0.1724	1.699033
0.173022	1.6914
0.173646	1.684066
0.174272	1.677014
0.1749	1.670228
0.175531	1.663692
0.176164	1.657394
0.176799	1.651321
0.177436	1.64546
0.178076	1.639802
0.178718	1.634335
0.179362	1.62905
0.180009	1.623938
0.180658	1.618992
0.181309	1.614202
0.181963	1.609563
0.182619	1.605066
0.183278	1.600706
0.183938	1.596476
0.184602	1.592371
0.185267	1.588385
0.185935	1.584514
0.186606	1.580752
0.187278	1.577095
0.187954	1.573539
0.188631	1.570079
0.189311	1.566713
0.189994	1.563435
0.190679	1.560243
0.191366	1.557134
0.192056	1.554104
0.192749	1.551151
0.193444	1.548271
0.194141	1.545462
0.194841	1.542722
0.195544	1.540048
0.196249	1.537437
0.196956	1.534888
0.197666	1.532398
0.198379	1.529966
0.199094	1.527589
0.199812	1.525266
0.200533	1.522995
0.201256	1.520774
0.201981	1.518602
0.202709	1.516477
0.20344	1.514398
0.204174	1.512362
0.20491	1.51037
0.205649	1.508419
0.20639	1.506509
0.207134	1.504638
0.207881	1.502804
0.208631	1.501008
0.209383	1.499247
0.210138	1.497522
0.210895	1.49583
0.211656	1.494171
0.212419	1.492543
0.213185	1.490947
0.213953	1.489382
0.214725	1.487845
0.215499	1.486337
0.216276	1.484858
0.217056	1.483405
0.217838	1.481978
0.218624	1.480578
0.219412	1.479202
0.220203	1.477851
0.220997	1.476524
0.221794	1.47522
0.222593	1.473939
0.223396	1.47268
0.224201	1.471442
0.22501	1.470225
0.225821	1.469029
0.226635	1.467853
0.227452	1.466697
0.228272	1.46556
0.229096	1.464441
0.229922	1.463341
0.23075	1.462258
0.231582	1.461193
0.232417	1.460145
0.233255	1.459114
0.234096	1.458099
0.23494	1.457099
0.235787	1.456116
0.236638	1.455147
0.237491	1.454194
0.238347	1.453255
0.239206	1.45233
0.240069	1.45142
0.240934	1.450523
0.241803	1.449639
0.242675	1.448768
0.24355	1.447911
0.244428	1.447066
0.245309	1.446233
0.246194	1.445412
0.247081	1.444603
0.247972	1.443806
0.248866	1.44302
0.249764	1.442246
0.250664	1.441482
0.251568	1.440729
0.252475	1.439986
0.253385	1.439254
0.254299	1.438532
0.255216	1.437819
0.256136	1.437117
0.257059	1.436424
0.257986	1.43574
0.258916	1.435066
0.25985	1.4344
0.260787	1.433744
0.261727	1.433096
0.26267	1.432457
0.263618	1.431826
0.264568	1.431203
0.265522	1.430589
0.266479	1.429982
0.26744	1.429383
0.268404	1.428792
0.269372	1.428208
0.270343	1.427632
0.271318	1.427063
0.272296	1.426501
0.273278	1.425947
0.274263	1.425399
0.275252	1.424858
0.276244	1.424323
0.27724	1.423796
0.27824	1.423274
0.279243	1.422759
0.28025	1.42225
0.28126	1.421748
0.282274	1.421251
0.283292	1.420761
0.284314	1.420276
0.285339	1.419797
0.286367	1.419324
0.2874	1.418856
0.288436	1.418394
0.289476	1.417937
0.29052	1.417485
0.291567	1.417039
0.292619	1.416598
0.293674	1.416162
0.294732	1.41573
0.295795	1.415304
0.296862	1.414883
0.297932	1.414466
0.299006	1.414054
0.300084	1.413647
0.301166	1.413244
0.302252	1.412846
0.303342	1.412452
0.304435	1.412063
0.305533	1.411678
0.306635	1.411297
0.30774	1.41092
0.30885	1.410547
0.309963	1.410178
0.311081	1.409814
0.312202	1.409453
0.313328	1.409096
0.314458	1.408743
0.315591	1.408394
0.316729	1.408048
0.317871	1.407706
0.319017	1.407368
0.320168	1.407033
0.321322	1.406702
0.32248	1.406374
0.323643	1.406049
0.32481	1.405728
0.325981	1.40541
0.327156	1.405096
0.328336	1.404784
0.32952	1.404476
0.330708	1.404171
0.3319	1.403869
0.333097	1.40357
0.334298	1.403274
0.335503	1.402981
0.336713	1.402691
0.337927	1.402404
0.339145	1.40212
0.340368	1.401838
0.341595	1.40156
0.342827	1.401284
0.344063	1.40101
0.345303	1.40074
0.346548	1.400472
0.347798	1.400206
0.349052	1.399943
0.35031	1.399683
0.351573	1.399425
0.352841	1.39917
0.354113	1.398917
0.35539	1.398666
0.356671	1.398418
0.357957	1.398172
0.359248	1.397928
0.360543	1.397687
0.361843	1.397448
0.363147	1.397211
0.364457	1.396976
0.365771	1.396743
0.367089	1.396513
0.368413	1.396284
0.369741	1.396058
0.371074	1.395834
0.372412	1.395612
0.373755	1.395391
0.375103	1.395173
0.376455	1.394957
0.377812	1.394742
0.379175	1.39453
0.380542	1.394319
0.381914	1.39411
0.383291	1.393903
0.384673	1.393698
0.386059	1.393495
0.387451	1.393293
0.388848	1.393093
0.39025	1.392895
0.391657	1.392698
0.393069	1.392503
0.394487	1.39231
0.395909	1.392118
0.397336	1.391928
0.398769	1.39174
0.400207	1.391553
0.40165	1.391367
0.403098	1.391183
0.404551	1.391001
0.40601	1.39082
0.407474	1.390641
0.408943	1.390463
0.410417	1.390286
0.411897	1.390111
0.413382	1.389937
0.414872	1.389765
0.416368	1.389594
0.417869	1.389424
0.419376	1.389255
0.420888	1.389088
0.422406	1.388922
0.423929	1.388758
0.425457	1.388594
0.426991	1.388432
0.428531	1.388271
0.430076	1.388111
0.431626	1.387953
0.433182	1.387795
0.434744	1.387639
0.436312	1.387484
0.437885	1.38733
0.439464	1.387177
0.441048	1.387025
0.442638	1.386874
0.444234	1.386724
0.445836	1.386576
0.447443	1.386428
0.449056	1.386281
0.450676	1.386135
0.4523	1.385991
0.453931	1.385847
0.455568	1.385704
0.45721	1.385562
0.458859	1.385421
0.460513	1.385281
0.462174	1.385141
0.46384	1.385003
0.465512	1.384865
0.467191	1.384729
0.468875	1.384593
0.470566	1.384457
0.472262	1.384323
0.473965	1.38419
0.475674	1.384057
0.477389	1.383925
0.47911	1.383793
0.480837	1.383663
0.482571	1.383533
0.484311	1.383403
0.486057	1.383275
0.48781	1.383147
0.489568	1.38302
0.491334	1.382893
0.493105	1.382767
0.494883	1.382641
0.496667	1.382517
0.498458	1.382392
0.500255	1.382269
0.502059	1.382145
0.503869	1.382023
0.505686	1.3819
0.507509	1.381779
0.509339	1.381657
0.511175	1.381537
0.513018	1.381416
0.514868	1.381296
0.516724	1.381177
0.518587	1.381057
0.520457	1.380939
0.522333	1.38082
0.524217	1.380702
0.526107	1.380584
0.528004	1.380467
0.529907	1.38035
0.531818	1.380233
0.533735	1.380116
0.53566	1.379999
0.537591	1.379883
0.539529	1.379767
0.541474	1.379651
0.543427	1.379535
0.545386	1.37942
0.547352	1.379304
0.549326	1.379189
0.551306	1.379073
0.553294	1.378958
0.555289	1.378843
0.557291	1.378727
0.5593	1.378612
0.561317	1.378496
0.563341	1.378381
0.565372	1.378265
0.56741	1.378149
0.569456	1.378033
0.571509	1.377917
0.57357	1.377801
0.575638	1.377684
0.577713	1.377567
0.579796	1.37745
0.581887	1.377332
0.583984	1.377214
0.58609	1.377095
0.588203	1.376976
0.590324	1.376857
0.592452	1.376737
0.594588	1.376616
0.596732	1.376495
0.598884	1.376373
0.601043	1.376251
0.60321	1.376127
0.605385	1.376003
0.607567	1.375878
0.609758	1.375752
0.611957	1.375625
0.614163	1.375497
0.616377	1.375368
0.6186	1.375237
0.62083	1.375106
0.623068	1.374973
0.625315	1.374839
0.627569	1.374703
0.629832	1.374566
0.632103	1.374427
0.634382	1.374287
0.636669	1.374144
0.638965	1.374
0.641268	1.373854
0.64358	1.373705
0.645901	1.373555
0.64823	1.373401
0.650567	1.373246
0.652912	1.373088
0.655266	1.372927
0.657629	1.372763
0.66	1.372596

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Plot