Optical constants
Refractive index of Au (Gold)
Werner et al. 2009: DFT calculations; n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm
- Data
- tabulated nk
- Range
- 0.01759–2.48 µm
- Points
- 150
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 1.10022
- Extinction coefficient k
- 2.53569
- Permittivity ε1
- -5.21921
- Permittivity ε2
- 5.57963
- Absorption coefficient α
- 542280 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- 36.8813 nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- -8.67305 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 6.19651
- Group velocity dispersion
- — fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- — ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 2.11001 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Au (Gold): Werner et al. 2009: DFT calculations; n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm
au = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Au", "Werner-DFT", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(au.range_nm) # (17.586, 2479.68) nm
eps = au.eps([633]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_c191ad6e42a1/lightsmith"
au = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(au.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (au/werner-2009-dft).
# ... load au as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=au)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Comments and conditions
References
- doi:10.1063/1.3243762 Optical Constants and Inelastic Electron-Scattering Data for 17 Elemental Metals, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (2009)
Cite
Wolfgang S. M. Werner, Kathrin Glantschnig and Claudia Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical Constants and Inelastic Electron-Scattering Data for 17 Elemental Metals. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 38, 1013-1092 (2009), doi:10.1063/1.3243762; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
150 rows as published| λ (µm) | n | k |
|---|---|---|
| 0.017586 | 0.8223 | 0.0961 |
| 0.017712 | 0.838 | 0.111 |
| 0.017839 | 0.8512 | 0.0869 |
| 0.017969 | 0.8358 | 0.0814 |
| 0.0181 | 0.8273 | 0.0919 |
| 0.018233 | 0.827 | 0.0998 |
| 0.018368 | 0.8323 | 0.1081 |
| 0.018505 | 0.8463 | 0.1063 |
| 0.018644 | 0.839 | 0.0948 |
| 0.018785 | 0.8337 | 0.0948 |
| 0.018929 | 0.8312 | 0.0944 |
| 0.019074 | 0.8262 | 0.0932 |
| 0.019222 | 0.8237 | 0.0917 |
| 0.019373 | 0.8126 | 0.0911 |
| 0.019525 | 0.8033 | 0.0965 |
| 0.01968 | 0.7967 | 0.1036 |
| 0.019837 | 0.7965 | 0.1111 |
| 0.019997 | 0.7909 | 0.1119 |
| 0.02016 | 0.7831 | 0.1194 |
| 0.020325 | 0.7777 | 0.126 |
| 0.020493 | 0.7712 | 0.1368 |
| 0.020664 | 0.7726 | 0.1482 |
| 0.020838 | 0.7731 | 0.1475 |
| 0.021014 | 0.7618 | 0.1562 |
| 0.021194 | 0.7551 | 0.1735 |
| 0.021377 | 0.7642 | 0.1897 |
| 0.021562 | 0.7706 | 0.192 |
| 0.021752 | 0.7611 | 0.1905 |
| 0.021944 | 0.7409 | 0.2213 |
| 0.02214 | 0.7624 | 0.265 |
| 0.022339 | 0.8418 | 0.2619 |
| 0.022543 | 0.8148 | 0.2277 |
| 0.022749 | 0.8094 | 0.2409 |
| 0.02296 | 0.8166 | 0.2584 |
| 0.023175 | 0.841 | 0.2652 |
| 0.023393 | 0.873 | 0.2491 |
| 0.023616 | 0.891 | 0.1947 |
| 0.023843 | 0.8571 | 0.1861 |
| 0.024075 | 0.8339 | 0.1829 |
| 0.024311 | 0.8287 | 0.1889 |
| 0.024551 | 0.8143 | 0.1762 |
| 0.024797 | 0.8017 | 0.1865 |
| 0.025047 | 0.798 | 0.1867 |
| 0.025303 | 0.7819 | 0.188 |
| 0.025564 | 0.7624 | 0.1849 |
| 0.02583 | 0.7292 | 0.2091 |
| 0.026102 | 0.7363 | 0.237 |
| 0.02638 | 0.7301 | 0.241 |
| 0.026663 | 0.7327 | 0.2586 |
| 0.026953 | 0.7172 | 0.2691 |
| 0.027249 | 0.7071 | 0.3033 |
| 0.027552 | 0.7212 | 0.3258 |
| 0.027862 | 0.7309 | 0.3366 |
| 0.028178 | 0.7544 | 0.3592 |
| 0.028502 | 0.75 | 0.3486 |
| 0.028834 | 0.7446 | 0.376 |
| 0.029173 | 0.7821 | 0.3894 |
| 0.02952 | 0.7786 | 0.3757 |
| 0.029876 | 0.7955 | 0.3884 |
| 0.03024 | 0.8037 | 0.3795 |
| 0.030613 | 0.8017 | 0.3474 |
| 0.030996 | 0.7752 | 0.3631 |
| 0.031388 | 0.7666 | 0.379 |
| 0.031791 | 0.7593 | 0.3931 |
| 0.032204 | 0.7732 | 0.4048 |
| 0.032627 | 0.7424 | 0.4088 |
| 0.033062 | 0.7501 | 0.4719 |
| 0.033509 | 0.7789 | 0.475 |
| 0.033968 | 0.794 | 0.4842 |
| 0.03444 | 0.8078 | 0.4717 |
| 0.034925 | 0.8149 | 0.4859 |
| 0.035424 | 0.8165 | 0.4611 |
| 0.035937 | 0.8056 | 0.4711 |
| 0.036466 | 0.7908 | 0.4673 |
| 0.03701 | 0.7727 | 0.5177 |
| 0.037571 | 0.814 | 0.5086 |
| 0.038149 | 0.7744 | 0.4926 |
| 0.038745 | 0.7479 | 0.5295 |
| 0.03936 | 0.7273 | 0.563 |
| 0.039995 | 0.7027 | 0.6155 |
| 0.040651 | 0.7044 | 0.7198 |
| 0.041328 | 0.8 | 0.7906 |
| 0.042029 | 0.9076 | 0.7966 |
| 0.042753 | 0.9499 | 0.7559 |
| 0.043503 | 0.9869 | 0.7817 |
| 0.04428 | 1.0744 | 0.7512 |
| 0.045085 | 1.1276 | 0.6137 |
| 0.04592 | 1.0353 | 0.5375 |
| 0.046786 | 0.9431 | 0.5472 |
| 0.047686 | 0.9474 | 0.6128 |
| 0.048621 | 0.9145 | 0.5927 |
| 0.049594 | 0.8859 | 0.6236 |
| 0.050606 | 0.8899 | 0.6473 |
| 0.05166 | 0.8432 | 0.6481 |
| 0.052759 | 0.763 | 0.7281 |
| 0.053906 | 0.7955 | 0.8378 |
| 0.055104 | 0.824 | 0.9181 |
| 0.056356 | 0.8433 | 1.0021 |
| 0.057667 | 0.9438 | 1.104 |
| 0.05904 | 1.0649 | 1.1747 |
| 0.06048 | 1.2052 | 1.1164 |
| 0.061992 | 1.2323 | 1.0529 |
| 0.063582 | 1.4659 | 1.1068 |
| 0.065255 | 1.4708 | 0.9692 |
| 0.067018 | 1.4627 | 0.898 |
| 0.06888 | 1.4254 | 0.6949 |
| 0.070848 | 1.3284 | 0.7069 |
| 0.072932 | 1.283 | 0.7233 |
| 0.075142 | 1.2509 | 0.7654 |
| 0.07749 | 1.2621 | 0.7975 |
| 0.07999 | 1.2491 | 0.8014 |
| 0.082656 | 1.231 | 0.8327 |
| 0.085506 | 1.2313 | 0.8759 |
| 0.08856 | 1.2488 | 0.9217 |
| 0.09184 | 1.2847 | 0.9652 |
| 0.095372 | 1.3709 | 0.9713 |
| 0.099187 | 1.3386 | 0.9032 |
| 0.10332 | 1.3484 | 0.9748 |
| 0.107812 | 1.3586 | 0.9054 |
| 0.112713 | 1.2695 | 0.9496 |
| 0.11808 | 1.2619 | 1.0032 |
| 0.123984 | 1.2128 | 1.1193 |
| 0.13051 | 1.2493 | 1.2671 |
| 0.13776 | 1.3618 | 1.3717 |
| 0.145864 | 1.4688 | 1.4001 |
| 0.15498 | 1.5039 | 1.4788 |
| 0.165312 | 1.7486 | 1.4818 |
| 0.17712 | 1.743 | 1.4714 |
| 0.190745 | 1.9331 | 1.3582 |
| 0.20664 | 1.729 | 1.2678 |
| 0.225426 | 1.6718 | 1.4021 |
| 0.247968 | 1.6676 | 1.474 |
| 0.261019 | 1.5997 | 1.5521 |
| 0.27552 | 1.5792 | 1.6873 |
| 0.291728 | 1.6115 | 1.8399 |
| 0.30996 | 1.7126 | 1.9514 |
| 0.330625 | 1.7826 | 2.0094 |
| 0.354241 | 1.8444 | 2.0676 |
| 0.38149 | 1.892 | 2.0938 |
| 0.413281 | 1.857 | 2.1072 |
| 0.450852 | 1.7933 | 2.1932 |
| 0.495937 | 1.6936 | 2.2562 |
| 0.551041 | 1.4173 | 2.3358 |
| 0.619921 | 0.8199 | 2.7124 |
| 0.708481 | 0.4391 | 3.6965 |
| 0.826561 | 0.3347 | 4.8406 |
| 0.991874 | 0.3476 | 6.2609 |
| 1.239842 | 0.4827 | 8.2091 |
| 1.653123 | 0.8101 | 11.2635 |
| 2.479684 | 1.7518 | 17.1066 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Theoretical density function theory (DFT) calculations.