Optical constants
Refractive index of GaSe (Gallium selenide)
Chen et al. 2009: n(e) 3–1500 µm
- Data
- formula 4
- Range
- 3–1500 µm
- Optical axis
- e
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 2.54082
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0
- Permittivity ε1
- 6.45576
- Permittivity ε2
- 0
- Absorption coefficient α
- 0 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- — nm
- Abbe number Vd
- —
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- -0.00266921 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 2.71992
- Group velocity dispersion
- 118008 fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- -49.3706 ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 0.0184775 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# GaSe (Gallium selenide): Chen et al. 2009: n(e) 3–1500 µm
gase = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "GaSe", "Chen-n-e", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(gase.range_nm) # (3000, 1.5e+06) nm
eps = gase.eps([67100]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_ad1e9343d820/lightsmith"
gase = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(gase.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (gase/chen-2009-n-e).
# ... load gase as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=gase)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=3000, stop_nm=1.5e+06, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Dispersion formula
RefractiveIndex.INFO (formula 4), λ in µmValid from 3.0 to 1500.0 µm.
Coefficients as stored
| Ci | Value |
|---|---|
| C1 | 5.76 |
| C2 | 0.4206 |
| C3 | 2.0 |
| C4 | 1780.3 |
| C5 | 1.0 |
| C6 | 0.0 |
| C7 | 0.0 |
| C8 | 0.0 |
| C9 | 0.0 |
| C10 | 0.3879 |
| C11 | -2.0 |
| C12 | -0.2288 |
| C13 | -4.0 |
| C14 | 0.1223 |
| C15 | -6.0 |
Comments and conditions
Conditions
- direction
- e
- formula gives non-finite n in part of its stated wavelength range
References
- doi:10.1364/josab.26.000a58 Optical properties and potential applications of ɛ-GaSe at terahertz frequencies, Journal of the Optical Society of America B (2009)
Cite
Ching-Wei Chen et al.. Optical properties and potential applications of ɛ-GaSe at terahertz frequencies. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 26, A58 (2009), doi:10.1364/josab.26.000a58; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library| λ (µm) | n |
|---|---|
| 3 | 2.407967 |
| 3.04709 | 2.407711 |
| 3.09492 | 2.407461 |
| 3.14351 | 2.407216 |
| 3.19285 | 2.406978 |
| 3.24297 | 2.406745 |
| 3.29388 | 2.406517 |
| 3.34558 | 2.406295 |
| 3.3981 | 2.406078 |
| 3.45144 | 2.405866 |
| 3.50562 | 2.405658 |
| 3.56065 | 2.405455 |
| 3.61654 | 2.405257 |
| 3.67331 | 2.405063 |
| 3.73097 | 2.404873 |
| 3.78954 | 2.404688 |
| 3.84902 | 2.404506 |
| 3.90944 | 2.404328 |
| 3.97081 | 2.404153 |
| 4.03314 | 2.403983 |
| 4.09645 | 2.403815 |
| 4.16076 | 2.403651 |
| 4.22607 | 2.403489 |
| 4.29241 | 2.403331 |
| 4.35979 | 2.403176 |
| 4.42822 | 2.403023 |
| 4.49774 | 2.402873 |
| 4.56834 | 2.402725 |
| 4.64005 | 2.402579 |
| 4.71289 | 2.402436 |
| 4.78687 | 2.402294 |
| 4.86201 | 2.402155 |
| 4.93833 | 2.402018 |
| 5.01585 | 2.401882 |
| 5.09458 | 2.401747 |
| 5.17456 | 2.401614 |
| 5.25578 | 2.401483 |
| 5.33828 | 2.401352 |
| 5.42208 | 2.401223 |
| 5.50719 | 2.401095 |
| 5.59364 | 2.400967 |
| 5.68145 | 2.40084 |
| 5.77063 | 2.400714 |
| 5.86122 | 2.400588 |
| 5.95322 | 2.400463 |
| 6.04667 | 2.400338 |
| 6.14159 | 2.400213 |
| 6.238 | 2.400088 |
| 6.33592 | 2.399962 |
| 6.43537 | 2.399837 |
| 6.53639 | 2.399711 |
| 6.639 | 2.399585 |
| 6.74321 | 2.399458 |
| 6.84906 | 2.39933 |
| 6.95657 | 2.399201 |
| 7.06577 | 2.399071 |
| 7.17669 | 2.39894 |
| 7.28934 | 2.398808 |
| 7.40377 | 2.398674 |
| 7.51999 | 2.398539 |
| 7.63803 | 2.398402 |
| 7.75793 | 2.398263 |
| 7.87971 | 2.398122 |
| 8.0034 | 2.397979 |
| 8.12903 | 2.397833 |
| 8.25663 | 2.397685 |
| 8.38624 | 2.397534 |
| 8.51788 | 2.397381 |
| 8.65159 | 2.397224 |
| 8.7874 | 2.397064 |
| 8.92534 | 2.3969 |
| 9.06544 | 2.396733 |
| 9.20775 | 2.396563 |
| 9.35229 | 2.396388 |
| 9.49909 | 2.396208 |
| 9.6482 | 2.396025 |
| 9.79965 | 2.395837 |
| 9.95348 | 2.395643 |
| 10.1097 | 2.395445 |
| 10.2684 | 2.395241 |
| 10.4296 | 2.395031 |
| 10.5933 | 2.394816 |
| 10.7596 | 2.394594 |
| 10.9285 | 2.394366 |
| 11.1001 | 2.39413 |
| 11.2743 | 2.393888 |
| 11.4513 | 2.393638 |
| 11.631 | 2.39338 |
| 11.8136 | 2.393113 |
| 11.9991 | 2.392838 |
| 12.1874 | 2.392554 |
| 12.3787 | 2.392261 |
| 12.573 | 2.391957 |
| 12.7704 | 2.391643 |
| 12.9709 | 2.391318 |
| 13.1745 | 2.390981 |
| 13.3813 | 2.390633 |
| 13.5913 | 2.390272 |
| 13.8047 | 2.389897 |
| 14.0214 | 2.389509 |
| 14.2415 | 2.389106 |
| 14.465 | 2.388688 |
| 14.6921 | 2.388254 |
| 14.9227 | 2.387803 |
| 15.157 | 2.387335 |
| 15.3949 | 2.386848 |
| 15.6365 | 2.386341 |
| 15.882 | 2.385813 |
| 16.1313 | 2.385264 |
| 16.3845 | 2.384692 |
| 16.6417 | 2.384096 |
| 16.903 | 2.383475 |
| 17.1683 | 2.382826 |
| 17.4378 | 2.38215 |
| 17.7115 | 2.381443 |
| 17.9895 | 2.380704 |
| 18.2719 | 2.379932 |
| 18.5587 | 2.379125 |
| 18.8501 | 2.378279 |
| 19.146 | 2.377393 |
| 19.4465 | 2.376465 |
| 19.7518 | 2.375491 |
| 20.0618 | 2.374469 |
| 20.3767 | 2.373394 |
| 20.6966 | 2.372265 |
| 21.0215 | 2.371077 |
| 21.3515 | 2.369825 |
| 21.6866 | 2.368506 |
| 22.027 | 2.367114 |
| 22.3728 | 2.365643 |
| 22.724 | 2.364088 |
| 23.0807 | 2.362442 |
| 23.443 | 2.360696 |
| 23.811 | 2.358844 |
| 24.1848 | 2.356876 |
| 24.5644 | 2.354781 |
| 24.95 | 2.352548 |
| 25.3417 | 2.350164 |
| 25.7395 | 2.347614 |
| 26.1435 | 2.344882 |
| 26.5539 | 2.341948 |
| 26.9707 | 2.338792 |
| 27.3941 | 2.335388 |
| 27.8241 | 2.331708 |
| 28.2609 | 2.327718 |
| 28.7045 | 2.323381 |
| 29.1551 | 2.318651 |
| 29.6127 | 2.313475 |
| 30.0776 | 2.307789 |
| 30.5497 | 2.301516 |
| 31.0293 | 2.294565 |
| 31.5164 | 2.286823 |
| 32.0111 | 2.278151 |
| 32.5136 | 2.268376 |
| 33.0239 | 2.257278 |
| 33.5423 | 2.244575 |
| 34.0689 | 2.229898 |
| 34.6037 | 2.212757 |
| 35.1468 | 2.192482 |
| 35.6986 | 2.168137 |
| 36.2589 | 2.13837 |
| 36.8281 | 2.101148 |
| 37.4062 | 2.053273 |
| 37.9934 | 1.989378 |
| 38.5898 | 1.89969 |
| 39.1955 | 1.764127 |
| 39.8108 | 1.532555 |
| 40.4357 | 1.012756 |
| 41.0705 | |
| 41.7152 | |
| 42.37 | 7.508776 |
| 43.0351 | 4.07695 |
| 43.7106 | 3.453501 |
| 44.3968 | 3.17897 |
| 45.0937 | 3.023047 |
| 45.8015 | 2.922214 |
| 46.5205 | 2.851577 |
| 47.2507 | 2.799317 |
| 47.9925 | 2.759087 |
| 48.7458 | 2.727166 |
| 49.511 | 2.701228 |
| 50.2882 | 2.679741 |
| 51.0776 | 2.661656 |
| 51.8794 | 2.646231 |
| 52.6937 | 2.632925 |
| 53.5209 | 2.621333 |
| 54.361 | 2.611149 |
| 55.2144 | 2.602135 |
| 56.0811 | 2.594104 |
| 56.9614 | 2.586907 |
| 57.8556 | 2.580422 |
| 58.7637 | 2.574553 |
| 59.6862 | 2.569217 |
| 60.6231 | 2.564347 |
| 61.5747 | 2.559888 |
| 62.5413 | 2.55579 |
| 63.523 | 2.552014 |
| 64.5202 | 2.548524 |
| 65.533 | 2.545291 |
| 66.5617 | 2.542289 |
| 67.6065 | 2.539495 |
| 68.6677 | 2.53689 |
| 69.7456 | 2.534456 |
| 70.8405 | 2.532178 |
| 71.9525 | 2.530042 |
| 73.0819 | 2.528036 |
| 74.2291 | 2.526151 |
| 75.3943 | 2.524375 |
| 76.5778 | 2.522701 |
| 77.7799 | 2.521121 |
| 79.0009 | 2.519627 |
| 80.241 | 2.518214 |
| 81.5005 | 2.516876 |
| 82.7799 | 2.515608 |
| 84.0793 | 2.514404 |
| 85.3991 | 2.513262 |
| 86.7397 | 2.512175 |
| 88.1013 | 2.511142 |
| 89.4842 | 2.510158 |
| 90.8889 | 2.509222 |
| 92.3156 | 2.508328 |
| 93.7647 | 2.507477 |
| 95.2366 | 2.506664 |
| 96.7316 | 2.505887 |
| 98.25 | 2.505145 |
| 99.7923 | 2.504436 |
| 101.359 | 2.503757 |
| 102.95 | 2.503108 |
| 104.566 | 2.502486 |
| 106.207 | 2.501891 |
| 107.874 | 2.50132 |
| 109.568 | 2.500773 |
| 111.288 | 2.500248 |
| 113.035 | 2.499745 |
| 114.809 | 2.499262 |
| 116.611 | 2.498798 |
| 118.442 | 2.498352 |
| 120.301 | 2.497924 |
| 122.189 | 2.497513 |
| 124.107 | 2.497117 |
| 126.056 | 2.496737 |
| 128.034 | 2.496371 |
| 130.044 | 2.496019 |
| 132.085 | 2.49568 |
| 134.159 | 2.495354 |
| 136.265 | 2.49504 |
| 138.404 | 2.494738 |
| 140.576 | 2.494446 |
| 142.783 | 2.494166 |
| 145.024 | 2.493895 |
| 147.301 | 2.493635 |
| 149.613 | 2.493383 |
| 151.962 | 2.493141 |
| 154.347 | 2.492907 |
| 156.77 | 2.492682 |
| 159.231 | 2.492464 |
| 161.73 | 2.492255 |
| 164.269 | 2.492052 |
| 166.848 | 2.491857 |
| 169.467 | 2.491668 |
| 172.127 | 2.491486 |
| 174.829 | 2.49131 |
| 177.573 | 2.49114 |
| 180.361 | 2.490976 |
| 183.192 | 2.490818 |
| 186.067 | 2.490665 |
| 188.988 | 2.490517 |
| 191.955 | 2.490374 |
| 194.968 | 2.490236 |
| 198.028 | 2.490103 |
| 201.137 | 2.489974 |
| 204.294 | 2.489849 |
| 207.501 | 2.489729 |
| 210.758 | 2.489612 |
| 214.067 | 2.4895 |
| 217.427 | 2.489391 |
| 220.84 | 2.489286 |
| 224.307 | 2.489184 |
| 227.828 | 2.489085 |
| 231.404 | 2.48899 |
| 235.036 | 2.488898 |
| 238.726 | 2.488809 |
| 242.473 | 2.488723 |
| 246.28 | 2.488639 |
| 250.145 | 2.488559 |
| 254.072 | 2.48848 |
| 258.06 | 2.488405 |
| 262.111 | 2.488332 |
| 266.226 | 2.488261 |
| 270.405 | 2.488192 |
| 274.649 | 2.488126 |
| 278.961 | 2.488062 |
| 283.34 | 2.488 |
| 287.787 | 2.48794 |
| 292.305 | 2.487882 |
| 296.893 | 2.487825 |
| 301.554 | 2.487771 |
| 306.287 | 2.487718 |
| 311.095 | 2.487667 |
| 315.979 | 2.487617 |
| 320.939 | 2.487569 |
| 325.977 | 2.487523 |
| 331.094 | 2.487478 |
| 336.291 | 2.487435 |
| 341.57 | 2.487392 |
| 346.931 | 2.487352 |
| 352.377 | 2.487312 |
| 357.909 | 2.487274 |
| 363.527 | 2.487237 |
| 369.233 | 2.487201 |
| 375.029 | 2.487166 |
| 380.916 | 2.487132 |
| 386.896 | 2.4871 |
| 392.969 | 2.487068 |
| 399.138 | 2.487038 |
| 405.403 | 2.487008 |
| 411.767 | 2.486979 |
| 418.231 | 2.486951 |
| 424.796 | 2.486924 |
| 431.464 | 2.486898 |
| 438.237 | 2.486873 |
| 445.116 | 2.486849 |
| 452.103 | 2.486825 |
| 459.2 | 2.486802 |
| 466.408 | 2.48678 |
| 473.729 | 2.486758 |
| 481.166 | 2.486737 |
| 488.719 | 2.486717 |
| 496.39 | 2.486697 |
| 504.182 | 2.486678 |
| 512.097 | 2.48666 |
| 520.135 | 2.486642 |
| 528.3 | 2.486625 |
| 536.593 | 2.486608 |
| 545.016 | 2.486592 |
| 553.572 | 2.486576 |
| 562.261 | 2.486561 |
| 571.087 | 2.486546 |
| 580.052 | 2.486531 |
| 589.157 | 2.486518 |
| 598.405 | 2.486504 |
| 607.799 | 2.486491 |
| 617.34 | 2.486478 |
| 627.03 | 2.486466 |
| 636.873 | 2.486454 |
| 646.87 | 2.486443 |
| 657.024 | 2.486432 |
| 667.338 | 2.486421 |
| 677.813 | 2.48641 |
| 688.453 | 2.4864 |
| 699.26 | 2.486391 |
| 710.237 | 2.486381 |
| 721.386 | 2.486372 |
| 732.709 | 2.486363 |
| 744.211 | 2.486354 |
| 755.893 | 2.486346 |
| 767.759 | 2.486338 |
| 779.811 | 2.48633 |
| 792.052 | 2.486322 |
| 804.485 | 2.486315 |
| 817.113 | 2.486308 |
| 829.94 | 2.486301 |
| 842.968 | 2.486294 |
| 856.2 | 2.486287 |
| 869.64 | 2.486281 |
| 883.291 | 2.486275 |
| 897.156 | 2.486269 |
| 911.239 | 2.486263 |
| 925.544 | 2.486258 |
| 940.072 | 2.486252 |
| 954.829 | 2.486247 |
| 969.817 | 2.486242 |
| 985.041 | 2.486237 |
| 1000.5 | 2.486232 |
| 1016.21 | 2.486227 |
| 1032.16 | 2.486223 |
| 1048.36 | 2.486219 |
| 1064.82 | 2.486214 |
| 1081.53 | 2.48621 |
| 1098.51 | 2.486206 |
| 1115.76 | 2.486202 |
| 1133.27 | 2.486199 |
| 1151.06 | 2.486195 |
| 1169.13 | 2.486192 |
| 1187.48 | 2.486188 |
| 1206.12 | 2.486185 |
| 1225.05 | 2.486182 |
| 1244.28 | 2.486179 |
| 1263.82 | 2.486176 |
| 1283.65 | 2.486173 |
| 1303.8 | 2.48617 |
| 1324.27 | 2.486167 |
| 1345.06 | 2.486165 |
| 1366.17 | 2.486162 |
| 1387.62 | 2.48616 |
| 1409.4 | 2.486157 |
| 1431.52 | 2.486155 |
| 1453.99 | 2.486153 |
| 1476.82 | 2.48615 |
| 1500 | 2.486148 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Extraordinary ray (e)