Optical constants

Refractive index of Si (Silicon)

Wang et al. 2025: n,k 0.400–1.31 µm; 35 °C

Data
tabulated nk
Range
0.4–1.305 µm
Points
216
Temperature
308 K
State
crystalline
Licence
CC0-1.0

Plot

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Range 0.4–1.305 µm
Refractive index n
3.97149
Extinction coefficient k
0.0242601
Permittivity ε1
15.7721
Permittivity ε2
0.192698
Absorption coefficient α
5188.25 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
3854.86 nm
Abbe number Vd
—
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
-2.54238 µm⁻¹
Group index ng
5.46539
Group velocity dispersion
— fs²/mm
Dispersion parameter D
— ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy
2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls

# Si (Silicon): Wang et al. 2025: n,k 0.400–1.31 µm; 35 °C
si = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Si", "Wang-35C", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(si.range_nm)  # (400, 1305.3) nm
eps = si.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

35 °C. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. Measurement method: ellipsometry.

Conditions

temperature
308 K
film thickness
224e-9
substrate
SiO2

References

X. Wang, C. Shi, Q. Zheng, D. Thompson. Resonant enhancement of the thermoreflectance response of silicon nanodisks, Appl. Phys. Lett. 127, 061103 (2025) (Numerical data kindly provided by Qifan Zheng)
  • doi:10.1063/5.0276240 Resonant enhancement of the thermoreflectance response of silicon nanodisks, Applied Physics Letters (2025)

Cite

Xinchao Wang, Changxing Shi, Qifan Zheng and Dakotah Thompson. Resonant enhancement of the thermoreflectance response of silicon nanodisks. Applied Physics Letters, 127, 061103 (2025), doi:10.1063/5.0276240; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

216 rows as published
Si (Silicon), Wang et al. 2025: n,k 0.400–1.31 µm; 35 °C: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)nk
0.45.508270480.291280557
0.401295.475460220.280479041
0.40265.443411980.270079702
0.403915.41208760.260057897
0.405235.381430380.250391857
0.406565.351408820.241077435
0.407895.321998040.232095756
0.409245.293146130.22343937
0.41065.264846460.215109392
0.411965.237071330.207091202
0.413335.209792070.199385196
0.414725.183003920.191989056
0.416115.156687970.184892113
0.417515.130823460.178097452
0.418925.105418670.171596319
0.420345.080450850.165380559
0.421775.055915010.159453202
0.423215.031808650.153799346
0.424665.008123440.148413288
0.426124.984852850.143293089
0.427594.961995090.138422268
0.429074.939545610.133796879
0.430564.917501720.129407869
0.432064.895852080.125240948
0.433574.874600760.121292542
0.435094.853736030.117548892
0.436624.833255360.113997164
0.438164.813156740.110635438
0.439724.793429970.107445554
0.441284.774070410.10441945
0.442864.755075920.101551546
0.444444.736434880.098825694
0.446044.718142970.096237065
0.447654.700190810.093776382
0.449284.682573010.091431145
0.450914.665286480.089198923
0.452554.648317050.087067818
0.454214.63165790.08502913
0.455884.615308760.083082418
0.457564.599251810.08121417
0.459264.58348650.079420577
0.460974.568006340.077698427
0.462694.552798320.076037679
0.464424.537855640.074437418
0.466174.523180.072891861
0.467924.508747270.071394624
0.46974.494567190.069946558
0.471484.480624450.068540344
0.473284.466908950.067172734
0.47514.453422380.065845194
0.476924.440155480.064550021
0.478764.427096320.063287287
0.480624.41424870.062056059
0.482494.40160.060851213
0.484384.389146550.059674459
0.486274.376880850.058522865
0.488194.364801920.057393519
0.490124.352900090.056289292
0.492064.341175280.055205519
0.494024.329617750.054141776
0.4964.318229290.053100083
0.497994.307000760.052076058
0.54.295930470.051071106
0.502024.285011610.050085089
0.504074.274241570.049115297
0.506124.263624750.048163895
0.50824.253140430.047229174
0.510294.24279960.046309746
0.51244.232600050.045408301
0.514524.222527750.044521713
0.516674.212588940.043650336
0.518834.202777240.04279558
0.521014.193087620.041954848
0.523214.183525560.041129428
0.525424.174080730.040319095
0.527664.164749970.039522355
0.529914.155541420.038740865
0.532194.14644520.037973188
0.534484.13745110.037218761
0.53684.128578850.036479358
0.539134.119806740.035727218
0.541484.111137580.035013861
0.543864.102578130.034314361
0.546264.094114660.033627132
0.548674.085754670.032953116
0.551114.077493780.032291809
0.553574.069324990.031642351
0.556054.061254670.031005861
0.558564.05327640.030381081
0.561094.045388170.029767729
0.563644.037592620.029166878
0.566214.02988760.028576852
0.568814.02226630.027998127
0.571434.014733860.027430787
0.574074.007288270.026873772
0.576743.999924980.026327742
0.579443.992645470.02579213
0.582163.985444660.025266376
0.584913.978327340.02475116
0.587683.971284940.02424552
0.590483.964323170.023749295
0.59333.957438530.023262972
0.596153.950627820.022785507
0.599033.943895110.02231713
0.601943.93723320.021907788
0.604883.930644690.02145679
0.607843.924128430.021014491
0.610843.91768170.020580411
0.613863.911304250.020154202
0.616923.905000130.01973623
0.623.898759730.019325791
0.623123.892586360.01892282
0.626263.886481820.018527471
0.629443.880439380.018139111
0.632653.874464020.017744852
0.63593.868551870.017370547
0.639183.862700160.017002782
0.642493.856914220.01664173
0.645833.851185680.016287048
0.649213.845514710.015938513
0.652633.839910640.015596285
0.656083.834363080.015259877
0.659573.828871590.014929294
0.66313.823440430.014604526
0.666673.818062530.014285197
0.670273.812742360.013971366
0.673913.807480280.013662861
0.67763.802266230.013359472
0.681323.797110270.013061262
0.685083.792007440.012767973
0.688893.786955790.01247947
0.692743.781957380.012195848
0.696633.777010770.011916793
0.700563.772112010.011642283
0.704553.767268370.01137229
0.708573.762471450.011106583
0.712643.757721420.010845202
0.716763.753022970.010588011
0.720933.748371980.010334884
0.725153.743766060.010085843
0.729413.739208290.009840735
0.733733.734696060.009599478
0.73813.730228520.009362091
0.742513.725806770.009118913
0.746993.721429250.008888917
0.751523.717094960.008662572
0.75613.712803090.008439747
0.760743.708556960.008220458
0.765433.704352290.008004626
0.770193.700187910.007792154
0.7753.696070360.007583082
0.779873.691988870.007377302
0.784813.687951470.007174767
0.789813.683956740.006975489
0.794873.67999910.006779379
0.83.676083260.006586396
0.805193.672206460.006396547
0.810463.668367310.006209766
0.815793.664569010.006026035
0.821193.660807410.005845316
0.826673.657082170.005667572
0.832213.653398890.005492815
0.837843.649750070.00532098
0.843543.646136630.005152063
0.849323.642560290.00498604
0.855173.639021480.004822879
0.861113.635515130.004712557
0.867133.632047660.004555096
0.873243.628612020.00440044
0.879433.625213270.00424859
0.885713.62184850.004099536
0.892093.61851610.003953229
0.898553.61521880.003809726
0.905113.611955870.003668942
0.911763.608723110.003530895
0.918523.605525750.003395619
0.925373.60236090.003263051
0.932333.599228160.003133196
0.939393.596127010.003006063
0.946563.59305950.002881603
0.953853.590020570.002759871
0.961243.587014410.002640817
0.968753.584040450.002524458
0.976383.581095910.002410784
0.984133.578181530.002299786
0.9923.575299770.002188499
1.03.572444320.002082882
1.00813.569621250.00197996
1.01643.566828560.001879682
1.02483.564064470.001782081
1.03333.561329830.001687179
1.0423.558625590.001594912
1.05083.555947710.001505381
1.05983.553299860.001418502
1.0693.550682360.001334322
1.07833.54809030.001252791
1.08773.545528620.001173955
1.09733.542993670.001097836
1.10713.54048570.001024376
1.11713.538008370.000953587
1.12733.535556110.000885503
1.13763.533131230.000820123
1.14813.530735730.000757433
1.15893.52836620.000697435
1.16983.526022790.000640179
1.1813.523708550.000585582
1.19233.521418860.000533687
1.20393.519155740.000484543
1.21573.516921680.000438068
1.22773.514711270.000394276
1.243.512529230.000353165
1.25253.510373620.000314766
1.26533.508242950.000279021
1.27843.506139940.000245853
1.29173.50406290.000215358
1.30533.502009260.000187357

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence
Method
Transmittance T
—
Reflectance R
—

Fresnel reflection calculator

Direction
Rp
—
Rs
—
R = (Rp+Rs)/2
—
Phase φp
—
Phase φs
—
Brewster angle θB
—
Critical angle θC
—