Optical constants
Refractive index of Bombyx mori (silkworm) silk
Bucciarelli et al. 2018: Photocrosslinkable fibroin film, crosslinked; n 0.4–1.5 µm
- Data
- formula 5
- Range
- 0.4–1.5 µm
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 1.55311
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0
- Permittivity ε1
- 2.41214
- Permittivity ε2
- 0
- Absorption coefficient α
- 0 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- — nm
- Abbe number Vd
- 42.167
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- -0.0678633 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 1.59298
- Group velocity dispersion
- 123.083 fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- -671.484 ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 2.11001 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Bombyx mori (silkworm) silk: Bucciarelli et al. 2018: Photocrosslinkable fibroin film, crosslinked; n 0.4–1.5 µm
bombyx_mori = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("other", "Bombyx_mori", "Bucciarelli-FPP_FA_Ex", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(bombyx_mori.range_nm) # (400, 1500) nm
eps = bombyx_mori.eps([633]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_b4ef0ad71e06/lightsmith"
bombyx_mori = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(bombyx_mori.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (bombyx-mori/bucciarelli-2018-fpp-fa-ex).
# ... load bombyx_mori as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=bombyx_mori)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Dispersion formula
Cauchy (formula 5), λ in µmValid from 0.4 to 1.5 µm.
Coefficients as stored
| Ci | Value |
|---|---|
| C1 | 1.533 |
| C2 | 0.007 |
| C3 | -2.0 |
| C4 | -2e-05 |
| C5 | -4.0 |
Comments and conditions
References
- doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.02.058 A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices, Optical Materials (2018)
Cite
A. Bucciarelli et al.. A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices. Optical Materials, 78, 407-414 (2018), doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.02.058; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library| λ (µm) | n |
|---|---|
| 0.4 | 1.575969 |
| 0.401327 | 1.57569 |
| 0.402659 | 1.575413 |
| 0.403995 | 1.575138 |
| 0.405336 | 1.574865 |
| 0.406681 | 1.574593 |
| 0.40803 | 1.574323 |
| 0.409384 | 1.574055 |
| 0.410742 | 1.573789 |
| 0.412105 | 1.573524 |
| 0.413473 | 1.573261 |
| 0.414845 | 1.573 |
| 0.416221 | 1.57274 |
| 0.417602 | 1.572482 |
| 0.418988 | 1.572226 |
| 0.420378 | 1.571971 |
| 0.421773 | 1.571718 |
| 0.423173 | 1.571466 |
| 0.424577 | 1.571216 |
| 0.425985 | 1.570968 |
| 0.427399 | 1.570721 |
| 0.428817 | 1.570476 |
| 0.43024 | 1.570232 |
| 0.431668 | 1.56999 |
| 0.4331 | 1.56975 |
| 0.434537 | 1.569511 |
| 0.435979 | 1.569273 |
| 0.437426 | 1.569038 |
| 0.438877 | 1.568803 |
| 0.440333 | 1.56857 |
| 0.441794 | 1.568339 |
| 0.44326 | 1.568109 |
| 0.444731 | 1.567881 |
| 0.446207 | 1.567654 |
| 0.447687 | 1.567428 |
| 0.449173 | 1.567204 |
| 0.450663 | 1.566981 |
| 0.452159 | 1.56676 |
| 0.453659 | 1.56654 |
| 0.455164 | 1.566322 |
| 0.456675 | 1.566105 |
| 0.45819 | 1.565889 |
| 0.45971 | 1.565675 |
| 0.461236 | 1.565462 |
| 0.462766 | 1.565251 |
| 0.464302 | 1.565041 |
| 0.465842 | 1.564832 |
| 0.467388 | 1.564625 |
| 0.468939 | 1.564419 |
| 0.470495 | 1.564214 |
| 0.472056 | 1.56401 |
| 0.473623 | 1.563808 |
| 0.475194 | 1.563607 |
| 0.476771 | 1.563408 |
| 0.478353 | 1.56321 |
| 0.47994 | 1.563013 |
| 0.481533 | 1.562817 |
| 0.483131 | 1.562622 |
| 0.484734 | 1.562429 |
| 0.486342 | 1.562237 |
| 0.487956 | 1.562047 |
| 0.489575 | 1.561857 |
| 0.491199 | 1.561669 |
| 0.492829 | 1.561482 |
| 0.494465 | 1.561296 |
| 0.496105 | 1.561111 |
| 0.497751 | 1.560928 |
| 0.499403 | 1.560745 |
| 0.50106 | 1.560564 |
| 0.502723 | 1.560384 |
| 0.504391 | 1.560206 |
| 0.506065 | 1.560028 |
| 0.507744 | 1.559852 |
| 0.509429 | 1.559676 |
| 0.511119 | 1.559502 |
| 0.512815 | 1.559329 |
| 0.514516 | 1.559157 |
| 0.516224 | 1.558986 |
| 0.517937 | 1.558816 |
| 0.519655 | 1.558648 |
| 0.52138 | 1.55848 |
| 0.52311 | 1.558314 |
| 0.524845 | 1.558148 |
| 0.526587 | 1.557984 |
| 0.528334 | 1.557821 |
| 0.530087 | 1.557658 |
| 0.531846 | 1.557497 |
| 0.533611 | 1.557337 |
| 0.535382 | 1.557178 |
| 0.537158 | 1.55702 |
| 0.53894 | 1.556863 |
| 0.540729 | 1.556707 |
| 0.542523 | 1.556552 |
| 0.544323 | 1.556398 |
| 0.546129 | 1.556245 |
| 0.547941 | 1.556093 |
| 0.54976 | 1.555942 |
| 0.551584 | 1.555792 |
| 0.553414 | 1.555643 |
| 0.55525 | 1.555495 |
| 0.557093 | 1.555347 |
| 0.558941 | 1.555201 |
| 0.560796 | 1.555056 |
| 0.562657 | 1.554912 |
| 0.564524 | 1.554768 |
| 0.566397 | 1.554626 |
| 0.568276 | 1.554484 |
| 0.570162 | 1.554344 |
| 0.572054 | 1.554204 |
| 0.573952 | 1.554065 |
| 0.575856 | 1.553927 |
| 0.577767 | 1.55379 |
| 0.579684 | 1.553654 |
| 0.581608 | 1.553519 |
| 0.583538 | 1.553385 |
| 0.585474 | 1.553251 |
| 0.587417 | 1.553118 |
| 0.589366 | 1.552987 |
| 0.591321 | 1.552856 |
| 0.593284 | 1.552726 |
| 0.595252 | 1.552597 |
| 0.597227 | 1.552468 |
| 0.599209 | 1.552341 |
| 0.601197 | 1.552214 |
| 0.603192 | 1.552088 |
| 0.605194 | 1.551963 |
| 0.607202 | 1.551839 |
| 0.609217 | 1.551715 |
| 0.611238 | 1.551593 |
| 0.613266 | 1.551471 |
| 0.615301 | 1.55135 |
| 0.617343 | 1.55123 |
| 0.619391 | 1.55111 |
| 0.621447 | 1.550991 |
| 0.623509 | 1.550874 |
| 0.625577 | 1.550756 |
| 0.627653 | 1.55064 |
| 0.629736 | 1.550524 |
| 0.631825 | 1.550409 |
| 0.633922 | 1.550295 |
| 0.636025 | 1.550182 |
| 0.638136 | 1.550069 |
| 0.640253 | 1.549957 |
| 0.642378 | 1.549846 |
| 0.644509 | 1.549736 |
| 0.646648 | 1.549626 |
| 0.648794 | 1.549517 |
| 0.650946 | 1.549409 |
| 0.653106 | 1.549301 |
| 0.655273 | 1.549194 |
| 0.657448 | 1.549088 |
| 0.659629 | 1.548982 |
| 0.661818 | 1.548877 |
| 0.664014 | 1.548773 |
| 0.666217 | 1.54867 |
| 0.668428 | 1.548567 |
| 0.670646 | 1.548465 |
| 0.672871 | 1.548363 |
| 0.675104 | 1.548263 |
| 0.677344 | 1.548162 |
| 0.679592 | 1.548063 |
| 0.681847 | 1.547964 |
| 0.684109 | 1.547866 |
| 0.686379 | 1.547768 |
| 0.688657 | 1.547671 |
| 0.690942 | 1.547575 |
| 0.693234 | 1.547479 |
| 0.695535 | 1.547384 |
| 0.697842 | 1.54729 |
| 0.700158 | 1.547196 |
| 0.702481 | 1.547103 |
| 0.704812 | 1.54701 |
| 0.707151 | 1.546918 |
| 0.709497 | 1.546827 |
| 0.711852 | 1.546736 |
| 0.714214 | 1.546646 |
| 0.716583 | 1.546556 |
| 0.718961 | 1.546467 |
| 0.721347 | 1.546379 |
| 0.72374 | 1.546291 |
| 0.726142 | 1.546204 |
| 0.728551 | 1.546117 |
| 0.730969 | 1.546031 |
| 0.733394 | 1.545945 |
| 0.735828 | 1.54586 |
| 0.738269 | 1.545776 |
| 0.740719 | 1.545692 |
| 0.743177 | 1.545608 |
| 0.745643 | 1.545526 |
| 0.748117 | 1.545443 |
| 0.750599 | 1.545362 |
| 0.75309 | 1.54528 |
| 0.755589 | 1.5452 |
| 0.758096 | 1.54512 |
| 0.760612 | 1.54504 |
| 0.763135 | 1.544961 |
| 0.765668 | 1.544882 |
| 0.768208 | 1.544804 |
| 0.770757 | 1.544727 |
| 0.773315 | 1.544649 |
| 0.775881 | 1.544573 |
| 0.778455 | 1.544497 |
| 0.781038 | 1.544421 |
| 0.78363 | 1.544346 |
| 0.78623 | 1.544272 |
| 0.788839 | 1.544198 |
| 0.791456 | 1.544124 |
| 0.794083 | 1.544051 |
| 0.796718 | 1.543978 |
| 0.799361 | 1.543906 |
| 0.802014 | 1.543834 |
| 0.804675 | 1.543763 |
| 0.807345 | 1.543692 |
| 0.810024 | 1.543622 |
| 0.812712 | 1.543552 |
| 0.815408 | 1.543483 |
| 0.818114 | 1.543414 |
| 0.820829 | 1.543345 |
| 0.823552 | 1.543277 |
| 0.826285 | 1.54321 |
| 0.829027 | 1.543143 |
| 0.831777 | 1.543076 |
| 0.834537 | 1.54301 |
| 0.837307 | 1.542944 |
| 0.840085 | 1.542878 |
| 0.842872 | 1.542814 |
| 0.845669 | 1.542749 |
| 0.848475 | 1.542685 |
| 0.851291 | 1.542621 |
| 0.854115 | 1.542558 |
| 0.856949 | 1.542495 |
| 0.859793 | 1.542433 |
| 0.862646 | 1.54237 |
| 0.865508 | 1.542309 |
| 0.86838 | 1.542248 |
| 0.871262 | 1.542187 |
| 0.874153 | 1.542126 |
| 0.877053 | 1.542066 |
| 0.879963 | 1.542007 |
| 0.882883 | 1.541947 |
| 0.885813 | 1.541889 |
| 0.888752 | 1.54183 |
| 0.891701 | 1.541772 |
| 0.89466 | 1.541714 |
| 0.897629 | 1.541657 |
| 0.900607 | 1.5416 |
| 0.903595 | 1.541543 |
| 0.906594 | 1.541487 |
| 0.909602 | 1.541431 |
| 0.91262 | 1.541376 |
| 0.915648 | 1.541321 |
| 0.918687 | 1.541266 |
| 0.921735 | 1.541212 |
| 0.924793 | 1.541157 |
| 0.927862 | 1.541104 |
| 0.930941 | 1.54105 |
| 0.93403 | 1.540997 |
| 0.937129 | 1.540945 |
| 0.940239 | 1.540893 |
| 0.943359 | 1.540841 |
| 0.946489 | 1.540789 |
| 0.949629 | 1.540738 |
| 0.95278 | 1.540687 |
| 0.955942 | 1.540636 |
| 0.959114 | 1.540586 |
| 0.962296 | 1.540536 |
| 0.965489 | 1.540486 |
| 0.968693 | 1.540437 |
| 0.971907 | 1.540388 |
| 0.975132 | 1.540339 |
| 0.978368 | 1.540291 |
| 0.981614 | 1.540243 |
| 0.984871 | 1.540195 |
| 0.988139 | 1.540148 |
| 0.991418 | 1.540101 |
| 0.994708 | 1.540054 |
| 0.998009 | 1.540008 |
| 1.00132 | 1.539962 |
| 1.00464 | 1.539916 |
| 1.00798 | 1.53987 |
| 1.01132 | 1.539825 |
| 1.01468 | 1.53978 |
| 1.01804 | 1.539735 |
| 1.02142 | 1.539691 |
| 1.02481 | 1.539647 |
| 1.02821 | 1.539603 |
| 1.03162 | 1.53956 |
| 1.03505 | 1.539517 |
| 1.03848 | 1.539474 |
| 1.04193 | 1.539431 |
| 1.04538 | 1.539389 |
| 1.04885 | 1.539347 |
| 1.05233 | 1.539305 |
| 1.05582 | 1.539263 |
| 1.05933 | 1.539222 |
| 1.06284 | 1.539181 |
| 1.06637 | 1.53914 |
| 1.06991 | 1.5391 |
| 1.07346 | 1.53906 |
| 1.07702 | 1.53902 |
| 1.08059 | 1.53898 |
| 1.08418 | 1.538941 |
| 1.08778 | 1.538902 |
| 1.09139 | 1.538863 |
| 1.09501 | 1.538824 |
| 1.09864 | 1.538786 |
| 1.10229 | 1.538748 |
| 1.10594 | 1.53871 |
| 1.10961 | 1.538672 |
| 1.1133 | 1.538635 |
| 1.11699 | 1.538598 |
| 1.1207 | 1.538561 |
| 1.12441 | 1.538524 |
| 1.12815 | 1.538488 |
| 1.13189 | 1.538452 |
| 1.13564 | 1.538416 |
| 1.13941 | 1.53838 |
| 1.14319 | 1.538345 |
| 1.14699 | 1.538309 |
| 1.15079 | 1.538274 |
| 1.15461 | 1.53824 |
| 1.15844 | 1.538205 |
| 1.16229 | 1.538171 |
| 1.16614 | 1.538137 |
| 1.17001 | 1.538103 |
| 1.1739 | 1.538069 |
| 1.17779 | 1.538036 |
| 1.1817 | 1.538003 |
| 1.18562 | 1.53797 |
| 1.18955 | 1.537937 |
| 1.1935 | 1.537904 |
| 1.19746 | 1.537872 |
| 1.20143 | 1.53784 |
| 1.20542 | 1.537808 |
| 1.20942 | 1.537776 |
| 1.21343 | 1.537745 |
| 1.21746 | 1.537714 |
| 1.2215 | 1.537683 |
| 1.22555 | 1.537652 |
| 1.22962 | 1.537621 |
| 1.2337 | 1.537591 |
| 1.23779 | 1.53756 |
| 1.2419 | 1.53753 |
| 1.24602 | 1.5375 |
| 1.25016 | 1.537471 |
| 1.2543 | 1.537441 |
| 1.25847 | 1.537412 |
| 1.26264 | 1.537383 |
| 1.26683 | 1.537354 |
| 1.27104 | 1.537325 |
| 1.27525 | 1.537297 |
| 1.27948 | 1.537268 |
| 1.28373 | 1.53724 |
| 1.28799 | 1.537212 |
| 1.29226 | 1.537185 |
| 1.29655 | 1.537157 |
| 1.30085 | 1.53713 |
| 1.30517 | 1.537102 |
| 1.3095 | 1.537075 |
| 1.31385 | 1.537048 |
| 1.3182 | 1.537022 |
| 1.32258 | 1.536995 |
| 1.32697 | 1.536969 |
| 1.33137 | 1.536943 |
| 1.33579 | 1.536917 |
| 1.34022 | 1.536891 |
| 1.34467 | 1.536865 |
| 1.34913 | 1.53684 |
| 1.35361 | 1.536814 |
| 1.3581 | 1.536789 |
| 1.3626 | 1.536764 |
| 1.36713 | 1.53674 |
| 1.37166 | 1.536715 |
| 1.37621 | 1.53669 |
| 1.38078 | 1.536666 |
| 1.38536 | 1.536642 |
| 1.38996 | 1.536618 |
| 1.39457 | 1.536594 |
| 1.3992 | 1.53657 |
| 1.40384 | 1.536547 |
| 1.4085 | 1.536523 |
| 1.41317 | 1.5365 |
| 1.41786 | 1.536477 |
| 1.42257 | 1.536454 |
| 1.42729 | 1.536431 |
| 1.43202 | 1.536409 |
| 1.43677 | 1.536386 |
| 1.44154 | 1.536364 |
| 1.44632 | 1.536342 |
| 1.45112 | 1.53632 |
| 1.45594 | 1.536298 |
| 1.46077 | 1.536276 |
| 1.46562 | 1.536254 |
| 1.47048 | 1.536233 |
| 1.47536 | 1.536212 |
| 1.48026 | 1.53619 |
| 1.48517 | 1.536169 |
| 1.49009 | 1.536149 |
| 1.49504 | 1.536128 |
| 1.5 | 1.536107 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Photocrosslinkable fibroin film. Formed using formic acid. Crosslinked.