Optical constants
Refractive index of Bombyx mori (silkworm) silk
Bucciarelli et al. 2018: Photocrosslinkable sericin film, crosslinked; n 0.4–1.5 µm
- Data
- formula 5
- Range
- 0.4–1.5 µm
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 1.54473
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0
- Permittivity ε1
- 2.3862
- Permittivity ε2
- 0
- Absorption coefficient α
- 0 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- — nm
- Abbe number Vd
- 33.088
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- -0.0819882 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 1.59291
- Group velocity dispersion
- 178.319 fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- -972.827 ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 2.11001 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Bombyx mori (silkworm) silk: Bucciarelli et al. 2018: Photocrosslinkable sericin film, crosslinked; n 0.4–1.5 µm
bombyx_mori = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("other", "Bombyx_mori", "Bucciarelli-SPP_FA_Ex", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(bombyx_mori.range_nm) # (400, 1500) nm
eps = bombyx_mori.eps([633]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_0804a59d6cb1/lightsmith"
bombyx_mori = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(bombyx_mori.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (bombyx-mori/bucciarelli-2018-spp-fa-ex).
# ... load bombyx_mori as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=bombyx_mori)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Dispersion formula
Cauchy (formula 5), λ in µmValid from 0.4 to 1.5 µm.
Coefficients as stored
| Ci | Value |
|---|---|
| C1 | 1.524 |
| C2 | 0.006 |
| C3 | -2.0 |
| C4 | 0.0004 |
| C5 | -4.0 |
Comments and conditions
References
- doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.02.058 A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices, Optical Materials (2018)
Cite
A. Bucciarelli et al.. A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices. Optical Materials, 78, 407-414 (2018), doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.02.058; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library| λ (µm) | n |
|---|---|
| 0.4 | 1.577125 |
| 0.401327 | 1.576672 |
| 0.402659 | 1.576223 |
| 0.403995 | 1.575778 |
| 0.405336 | 1.575338 |
| 0.406681 | 1.574901 |
| 0.40803 | 1.574469 |
| 0.409384 | 1.574041 |
| 0.410742 | 1.573618 |
| 0.412105 | 1.573198 |
| 0.413473 | 1.572782 |
| 0.414845 | 1.57237 |
| 0.416221 | 1.571962 |
| 0.417602 | 1.571558 |
| 0.418988 | 1.571158 |
| 0.420378 | 1.570761 |
| 0.421773 | 1.570368 |
| 0.423173 | 1.569979 |
| 0.424577 | 1.569594 |
| 0.425985 | 1.569212 |
| 0.427399 | 1.568834 |
| 0.428817 | 1.568459 |
| 0.43024 | 1.568088 |
| 0.431668 | 1.56772 |
| 0.4331 | 1.567356 |
| 0.434537 | 1.566995 |
| 0.435979 | 1.566637 |
| 0.437426 | 1.566283 |
| 0.438877 | 1.565932 |
| 0.440333 | 1.565585 |
| 0.441794 | 1.56524 |
| 0.44326 | 1.564899 |
| 0.444731 | 1.564561 |
| 0.446207 | 1.564226 |
| 0.447687 | 1.563894 |
| 0.449173 | 1.563565 |
| 0.450663 | 1.56324 |
| 0.452159 | 1.562917 |
| 0.453659 | 1.562597 |
| 0.455164 | 1.56228 |
| 0.456675 | 1.561967 |
| 0.45819 | 1.561655 |
| 0.45971 | 1.561347 |
| 0.461236 | 1.561042 |
| 0.462766 | 1.560739 |
| 0.464302 | 1.56044 |
| 0.465842 | 1.560142 |
| 0.467388 | 1.559848 |
| 0.468939 | 1.559556 |
| 0.470495 | 1.559267 |
| 0.472056 | 1.558981 |
| 0.473623 | 1.558697 |
| 0.475194 | 1.558416 |
| 0.476771 | 1.558137 |
| 0.478353 | 1.557861 |
| 0.47994 | 1.557587 |
| 0.481533 | 1.557316 |
| 0.483131 | 1.557047 |
| 0.484734 | 1.556781 |
| 0.486342 | 1.556517 |
| 0.487956 | 1.556255 |
| 0.489575 | 1.555996 |
| 0.491199 | 1.555739 |
| 0.492829 | 1.555484 |
| 0.494465 | 1.555232 |
| 0.496105 | 1.554982 |
| 0.497751 | 1.554734 |
| 0.499403 | 1.554488 |
| 0.50106 | 1.554245 |
| 0.502723 | 1.554003 |
| 0.504391 | 1.553764 |
| 0.506065 | 1.553527 |
| 0.507744 | 1.553292 |
| 0.509429 | 1.553059 |
| 0.511119 | 1.552828 |
| 0.512815 | 1.552599 |
| 0.514516 | 1.552373 |
| 0.516224 | 1.552148 |
| 0.517937 | 1.551925 |
| 0.519655 | 1.551704 |
| 0.52138 | 1.551485 |
| 0.52311 | 1.551268 |
| 0.524845 | 1.551053 |
| 0.526587 | 1.55084 |
| 0.528334 | 1.550628 |
| 0.530087 | 1.550419 |
| 0.531846 | 1.550211 |
| 0.533611 | 1.550005 |
| 0.535382 | 1.549801 |
| 0.537158 | 1.549599 |
| 0.53894 | 1.549398 |
| 0.540729 | 1.5492 |
| 0.542523 | 1.549003 |
| 0.544323 | 1.548807 |
| 0.546129 | 1.548613 |
| 0.547941 | 1.548421 |
| 0.54976 | 1.548231 |
| 0.551584 | 1.548042 |
| 0.553414 | 1.547855 |
| 0.55525 | 1.54767 |
| 0.557093 | 1.547486 |
| 0.558941 | 1.547303 |
| 0.560796 | 1.547123 |
| 0.562657 | 1.546943 |
| 0.564524 | 1.546766 |
| 0.566397 | 1.54659 |
| 0.568276 | 1.546415 |
| 0.570162 | 1.546242 |
| 0.572054 | 1.54607 |
| 0.573952 | 1.5459 |
| 0.575856 | 1.545731 |
| 0.577767 | 1.545564 |
| 0.579684 | 1.545398 |
| 0.581608 | 1.545233 |
| 0.583538 | 1.54507 |
| 0.585474 | 1.544908 |
| 0.587417 | 1.544748 |
| 0.589366 | 1.544589 |
| 0.591321 | 1.544431 |
| 0.593284 | 1.544275 |
| 0.595252 | 1.54412 |
| 0.597227 | 1.543966 |
| 0.599209 | 1.543813 |
| 0.601197 | 1.543662 |
| 0.603192 | 1.543512 |
| 0.605194 | 1.543364 |
| 0.607202 | 1.543216 |
| 0.609217 | 1.54307 |
| 0.611238 | 1.542925 |
| 0.613266 | 1.542781 |
| 0.615301 | 1.542639 |
| 0.617343 | 1.542497 |
| 0.619391 | 1.542357 |
| 0.621447 | 1.542218 |
| 0.623509 | 1.54208 |
| 0.625577 | 1.541943 |
| 0.627653 | 1.541808 |
| 0.629736 | 1.541673 |
| 0.631825 | 1.54154 |
| 0.633922 | 1.541408 |
| 0.636025 | 1.541276 |
| 0.638136 | 1.541146 |
| 0.640253 | 1.541017 |
| 0.642378 | 1.540889 |
| 0.644509 | 1.540762 |
| 0.646648 | 1.540636 |
| 0.648794 | 1.540512 |
| 0.650946 | 1.540388 |
| 0.653106 | 1.540265 |
| 0.655273 | 1.540143 |
| 0.657448 | 1.540022 |
| 0.659629 | 1.539902 |
| 0.661818 | 1.539784 |
| 0.664014 | 1.539666 |
| 0.666217 | 1.539549 |
| 0.668428 | 1.539433 |
| 0.670646 | 1.539318 |
| 0.672871 | 1.539204 |
| 0.675104 | 1.53909 |
| 0.677344 | 1.538978 |
| 0.679592 | 1.538867 |
| 0.681847 | 1.538756 |
| 0.684109 | 1.538647 |
| 0.686379 | 1.538538 |
| 0.688657 | 1.53843 |
| 0.690942 | 1.538323 |
| 0.693234 | 1.538217 |
| 0.695535 | 1.538112 |
| 0.697842 | 1.538007 |
| 0.700158 | 1.537904 |
| 0.702481 | 1.537801 |
| 0.704812 | 1.537699 |
| 0.707151 | 1.537598 |
| 0.709497 | 1.537498 |
| 0.711852 | 1.537398 |
| 0.714214 | 1.5373 |
| 0.716583 | 1.537202 |
| 0.718961 | 1.537105 |
| 0.721347 | 1.537008 |
| 0.72374 | 1.536913 |
| 0.726142 | 1.536818 |
| 0.728551 | 1.536724 |
| 0.730969 | 1.53663 |
| 0.733394 | 1.536538 |
| 0.735828 | 1.536446 |
| 0.738269 | 1.536355 |
| 0.740719 | 1.536264 |
| 0.743177 | 1.536175 |
| 0.745643 | 1.536086 |
| 0.748117 | 1.535997 |
| 0.750599 | 1.53591 |
| 0.75309 | 1.535823 |
| 0.755589 | 1.535737 |
| 0.758096 | 1.535651 |
| 0.760612 | 1.535566 |
| 0.763135 | 1.535482 |
| 0.765668 | 1.535398 |
| 0.768208 | 1.535316 |
| 0.770757 | 1.535233 |
| 0.773315 | 1.535152 |
| 0.775881 | 1.535071 |
| 0.778455 | 1.53499 |
| 0.781038 | 1.534911 |
| 0.78363 | 1.534832 |
| 0.78623 | 1.534753 |
| 0.788839 | 1.534675 |
| 0.791456 | 1.534598 |
| 0.794083 | 1.534521 |
| 0.796718 | 1.534445 |
| 0.799361 | 1.53437 |
| 0.802014 | 1.534295 |
| 0.804675 | 1.53422 |
| 0.807345 | 1.534147 |
| 0.810024 | 1.534074 |
| 0.812712 | 1.534001 |
| 0.815408 | 1.533929 |
| 0.818114 | 1.533857 |
| 0.820829 | 1.533786 |
| 0.823552 | 1.533716 |
| 0.826285 | 1.533646 |
| 0.829027 | 1.533577 |
| 0.831777 | 1.533508 |
| 0.834537 | 1.53344 |
| 0.837307 | 1.533372 |
| 0.840085 | 1.533305 |
| 0.842872 | 1.533238 |
| 0.845669 | 1.533172 |
| 0.848475 | 1.533106 |
| 0.851291 | 1.533041 |
| 0.854115 | 1.532976 |
| 0.856949 | 1.532912 |
| 0.859793 | 1.532848 |
| 0.862646 | 1.532785 |
| 0.865508 | 1.532722 |
| 0.86838 | 1.53266 |
| 0.871262 | 1.532598 |
| 0.874153 | 1.532537 |
| 0.877053 | 1.532476 |
| 0.879963 | 1.532416 |
| 0.882883 | 1.532356 |
| 0.885813 | 1.532296 |
| 0.888752 | 1.532237 |
| 0.891701 | 1.532179 |
| 0.89466 | 1.53212 |
| 0.897629 | 1.532063 |
| 0.900607 | 1.532005 |
| 0.903595 | 1.531949 |
| 0.906594 | 1.531892 |
| 0.909602 | 1.531836 |
| 0.91262 | 1.531781 |
| 0.915648 | 1.531725 |
| 0.918687 | 1.531671 |
| 0.921735 | 1.531616 |
| 0.924793 | 1.531562 |
| 0.927862 | 1.531509 |
| 0.930941 | 1.531456 |
| 0.93403 | 1.531403 |
| 0.937129 | 1.531351 |
| 0.940239 | 1.531299 |
| 0.943359 | 1.531247 |
| 0.946489 | 1.531196 |
| 0.949629 | 1.531145 |
| 0.95278 | 1.531095 |
| 0.955942 | 1.531045 |
| 0.959114 | 1.530995 |
| 0.962296 | 1.530946 |
| 0.965489 | 1.530897 |
| 0.968693 | 1.530848 |
| 0.971907 | 1.5308 |
| 0.975132 | 1.530752 |
| 0.978368 | 1.530705 |
| 0.981614 | 1.530658 |
| 0.984871 | 1.530611 |
| 0.988139 | 1.530564 |
| 0.991418 | 1.530518 |
| 0.994708 | 1.530473 |
| 0.998009 | 1.530427 |
| 1.00132 | 1.530382 |
| 1.00464 | 1.530337 |
| 1.00798 | 1.530293 |
| 1.01132 | 1.530249 |
| 1.01468 | 1.530205 |
| 1.01804 | 1.530162 |
| 1.02142 | 1.530118 |
| 1.02481 | 1.530076 |
| 1.02821 | 1.530033 |
| 1.03162 | 1.529991 |
| 1.03505 | 1.529949 |
| 1.03848 | 1.529908 |
| 1.04193 | 1.529866 |
| 1.04538 | 1.529825 |
| 1.04885 | 1.529785 |
| 1.05233 | 1.529744 |
| 1.05582 | 1.529704 |
| 1.05933 | 1.529664 |
| 1.06284 | 1.529625 |
| 1.06637 | 1.529586 |
| 1.06991 | 1.529547 |
| 1.07346 | 1.529508 |
| 1.07702 | 1.52947 |
| 1.08059 | 1.529432 |
| 1.08418 | 1.529394 |
| 1.08778 | 1.529356 |
| 1.09139 | 1.529319 |
| 1.09501 | 1.529282 |
| 1.09864 | 1.529246 |
| 1.10229 | 1.529209 |
| 1.10594 | 1.529173 |
| 1.10961 | 1.529137 |
| 1.1133 | 1.529101 |
| 1.11699 | 1.529066 |
| 1.1207 | 1.529031 |
| 1.12441 | 1.528996 |
| 1.12815 | 1.528961 |
| 1.13189 | 1.528927 |
| 1.13564 | 1.528893 |
| 1.13941 | 1.528859 |
| 1.14319 | 1.528825 |
| 1.14699 | 1.528792 |
| 1.15079 | 1.528759 |
| 1.15461 | 1.528726 |
| 1.15844 | 1.528693 |
| 1.16229 | 1.528661 |
| 1.16614 | 1.528628 |
| 1.17001 | 1.528596 |
| 1.1739 | 1.528565 |
| 1.17779 | 1.528533 |
| 1.1817 | 1.528502 |
| 1.18562 | 1.528471 |
| 1.18955 | 1.52844 |
| 1.1935 | 1.528409 |
| 1.19746 | 1.528379 |
| 1.20143 | 1.528349 |
| 1.20542 | 1.528319 |
| 1.20942 | 1.528289 |
| 1.21343 | 1.528259 |
| 1.21746 | 1.52823 |
| 1.2215 | 1.528201 |
| 1.22555 | 1.528172 |
| 1.22962 | 1.528143 |
| 1.2337 | 1.528115 |
| 1.23779 | 1.528087 |
| 1.2419 | 1.528058 |
| 1.24602 | 1.528031 |
| 1.25016 | 1.528003 |
| 1.2543 | 1.527975 |
| 1.25847 | 1.527948 |
| 1.26264 | 1.527921 |
| 1.26683 | 1.527894 |
| 1.27104 | 1.527867 |
| 1.27525 | 1.527841 |
| 1.27948 | 1.527814 |
| 1.28373 | 1.527788 |
| 1.28799 | 1.527762 |
| 1.29226 | 1.527736 |
| 1.29655 | 1.527711 |
| 1.30085 | 1.527685 |
| 1.30517 | 1.52766 |
| 1.3095 | 1.527635 |
| 1.31385 | 1.52761 |
| 1.3182 | 1.527585 |
| 1.32258 | 1.527561 |
| 1.32697 | 1.527536 |
| 1.33137 | 1.527512 |
| 1.33579 | 1.527488 |
| 1.34022 | 1.527464 |
| 1.34467 | 1.527441 |
| 1.34913 | 1.527417 |
| 1.35361 | 1.527394 |
| 1.3581 | 1.527371 |
| 1.3626 | 1.527348 |
| 1.36713 | 1.527325 |
| 1.37166 | 1.527302 |
| 1.37621 | 1.527279 |
| 1.38078 | 1.527257 |
| 1.38536 | 1.527235 |
| 1.38996 | 1.527213 |
| 1.39457 | 1.527191 |
| 1.3992 | 1.527169 |
| 1.40384 | 1.527147 |
| 1.4085 | 1.527126 |
| 1.41317 | 1.527105 |
| 1.41786 | 1.527084 |
| 1.42257 | 1.527063 |
| 1.42729 | 1.527042 |
| 1.43202 | 1.527021 |
| 1.43677 | 1.527 |
| 1.44154 | 1.52698 |
| 1.44632 | 1.52696 |
| 1.45112 | 1.52694 |
| 1.45594 | 1.52692 |
| 1.46077 | 1.5269 |
| 1.46562 | 1.52688 |
| 1.47048 | 1.52686 |
| 1.47536 | 1.526841 |
| 1.48026 | 1.526822 |
| 1.48517 | 1.526802 |
| 1.49009 | 1.526783 |
| 1.49504 | 1.526764 |
| 1.5 | 1.526746 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Photocrosslinkable sericin film. Formed using formic acid. Crosslinked.