Optical constants
Refractive index of Bombyx mori (silkworm) silk
Bucciarelli et al. 2018: Photocrosslinkable fibroin film, uncrosslinked; n 0.4–1.5 µm
- Data
- formula 5
- Range
- 0.4–1.5 µm
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 1.55108
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0
- Permittivity ε1
- 2.40584
- Permittivity ε2
- 0
- Absorption coefficient α
- 0 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- — nm
- Abbe number Vd
- 37.597
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- -0.0762667 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 1.59589
- Group velocity dispersion
- 134.308 fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- -732.719 ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 2.11001 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Bombyx mori (silkworm) silk: Bucciarelli et al. 2018: Photocrosslinkable fibroin film, uncrosslinked; n 0.4–1.5 µm
bombyx_mori = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("other", "Bombyx_mori", "Bucciarelli-FPP_FA_Unex", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(bombyx_mori.range_nm) # (400, 1500) nm
eps = bombyx_mori.eps([633]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_78274d7f5c70/lightsmith"
bombyx_mori = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(bombyx_mori.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (bombyx-mori/bucciarelli-2018-fpp-fa-unex).
# ... load bombyx_mori as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=bombyx_mori)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Dispersion formula
Cauchy (formula 5), λ in µmValid from 0.4 to 1.5 µm.
Coefficients as stored
| Ci | Value |
|---|---|
| C1 | 1.528 |
| C2 | 0.0082 |
| C3 | -2.0 |
| C4 | -8e-05 |
| C5 | -4.0 |
Comments and conditions
References
- doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.02.058 A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices, Optical Materials (2018)
Cite
A. Bucciarelli et al.. A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices. Optical Materials, 78, 407-414 (2018), doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.02.058; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library| λ (µm) | n |
|---|---|
| 0.4 | 1.576125 |
| 0.401327 | 1.575828 |
| 0.402659 | 1.575532 |
| 0.403995 | 1.575238 |
| 0.405336 | 1.574946 |
| 0.406681 | 1.574655 |
| 0.40803 | 1.574366 |
| 0.409384 | 1.574079 |
| 0.410742 | 1.573794 |
| 0.412105 | 1.57351 |
| 0.413473 | 1.573227 |
| 0.414845 | 1.572947 |
| 0.416221 | 1.572668 |
| 0.417602 | 1.57239 |
| 0.418988 | 1.572114 |
| 0.420378 | 1.57184 |
| 0.421773 | 1.571567 |
| 0.423173 | 1.571296 |
| 0.424577 | 1.571027 |
| 0.425985 | 1.570759 |
| 0.427399 | 1.570492 |
| 0.428817 | 1.570227 |
| 0.43024 | 1.569964 |
| 0.431668 | 1.569702 |
| 0.4331 | 1.569442 |
| 0.434537 | 1.569183 |
| 0.435979 | 1.568926 |
| 0.437426 | 1.56867 |
| 0.438877 | 1.568416 |
| 0.440333 | 1.568163 |
| 0.441794 | 1.567912 |
| 0.44326 | 1.567662 |
| 0.444731 | 1.567414 |
| 0.446207 | 1.567167 |
| 0.447687 | 1.566922 |
| 0.449173 | 1.566678 |
| 0.450663 | 1.566435 |
| 0.452159 | 1.566194 |
| 0.453659 | 1.565954 |
| 0.455164 | 1.565716 |
| 0.456675 | 1.565479 |
| 0.45819 | 1.565244 |
| 0.45971 | 1.56501 |
| 0.461236 | 1.564777 |
| 0.462766 | 1.564546 |
| 0.464302 | 1.564316 |
| 0.465842 | 1.564088 |
| 0.467388 | 1.56386 |
| 0.468939 | 1.563635 |
| 0.470495 | 1.56341 |
| 0.472056 | 1.563187 |
| 0.473623 | 1.562965 |
| 0.475194 | 1.562745 |
| 0.476771 | 1.562526 |
| 0.478353 | 1.562308 |
| 0.47994 | 1.562091 |
| 0.481533 | 1.561876 |
| 0.483131 | 1.561662 |
| 0.484734 | 1.56145 |
| 0.486342 | 1.561238 |
| 0.487956 | 1.561028 |
| 0.489575 | 1.560819 |
| 0.491199 | 1.560612 |
| 0.492829 | 1.560405 |
| 0.494465 | 1.5602 |
| 0.496105 | 1.559996 |
| 0.497751 | 1.559794 |
| 0.499403 | 1.559592 |
| 0.50106 | 1.559392 |
| 0.502723 | 1.559193 |
| 0.504391 | 1.558995 |
| 0.506065 | 1.558799 |
| 0.507744 | 1.558603 |
| 0.509429 | 1.558409 |
| 0.511119 | 1.558216 |
| 0.512815 | 1.558024 |
| 0.514516 | 1.557834 |
| 0.516224 | 1.557644 |
| 0.517937 | 1.557456 |
| 0.519655 | 1.557269 |
| 0.52138 | 1.557083 |
| 0.52311 | 1.556898 |
| 0.524845 | 1.556714 |
| 0.526587 | 1.556531 |
| 0.528334 | 1.55635 |
| 0.530087 | 1.556169 |
| 0.531846 | 1.55599 |
| 0.533611 | 1.555811 |
| 0.535382 | 1.555634 |
| 0.537158 | 1.555458 |
| 0.53894 | 1.555283 |
| 0.540729 | 1.555109 |
| 0.542523 | 1.554936 |
| 0.544323 | 1.554765 |
| 0.546129 | 1.554594 |
| 0.547941 | 1.554424 |
| 0.54976 | 1.554255 |
| 0.551584 | 1.554088 |
| 0.553414 | 1.553921 |
| 0.55525 | 1.553756 |
| 0.557093 | 1.553591 |
| 0.558941 | 1.553427 |
| 0.560796 | 1.553265 |
| 0.562657 | 1.553103 |
| 0.564524 | 1.552943 |
| 0.566397 | 1.552783 |
| 0.568276 | 1.552625 |
| 0.570162 | 1.552467 |
| 0.572054 | 1.552311 |
| 0.573952 | 1.552155 |
| 0.575856 | 1.552 |
| 0.577767 | 1.551847 |
| 0.579684 | 1.551694 |
| 0.581608 | 1.551542 |
| 0.583538 | 1.551391 |
| 0.585474 | 1.551241 |
| 0.587417 | 1.551092 |
| 0.589366 | 1.550944 |
| 0.591321 | 1.550797 |
| 0.593284 | 1.550651 |
| 0.595252 | 1.550505 |
| 0.597227 | 1.550361 |
| 0.599209 | 1.550217 |
| 0.601197 | 1.550075 |
| 0.603192 | 1.549933 |
| 0.605194 | 1.549792 |
| 0.607202 | 1.549652 |
| 0.609217 | 1.549513 |
| 0.611238 | 1.549375 |
| 0.613266 | 1.549237 |
| 0.615301 | 1.549101 |
| 0.617343 | 1.548965 |
| 0.619391 | 1.54883 |
| 0.621447 | 1.548696 |
| 0.623509 | 1.548563 |
| 0.625577 | 1.548431 |
| 0.627653 | 1.548299 |
| 0.629736 | 1.548169 |
| 0.631825 | 1.548039 |
| 0.633922 | 1.54791 |
| 0.636025 | 1.547782 |
| 0.638136 | 1.547654 |
| 0.640253 | 1.547528 |
| 0.642378 | 1.547402 |
| 0.644509 | 1.547277 |
| 0.646648 | 1.547152 |
| 0.648794 | 1.547029 |
| 0.650946 | 1.546906 |
| 0.653106 | 1.546784 |
| 0.655273 | 1.546663 |
| 0.657448 | 1.546543 |
| 0.659629 | 1.546423 |
| 0.661818 | 1.546304 |
| 0.664014 | 1.546186 |
| 0.666217 | 1.546069 |
| 0.668428 | 1.545952 |
| 0.670646 | 1.545836 |
| 0.672871 | 1.545721 |
| 0.675104 | 1.545607 |
| 0.677344 | 1.545493 |
| 0.679592 | 1.54538 |
| 0.681847 | 1.545268 |
| 0.684109 | 1.545156 |
| 0.686379 | 1.545045 |
| 0.688657 | 1.544935 |
| 0.690942 | 1.544825 |
| 0.693234 | 1.544717 |
| 0.695535 | 1.544608 |
| 0.697842 | 1.544501 |
| 0.700158 | 1.544394 |
| 0.702481 | 1.544288 |
| 0.704812 | 1.544183 |
| 0.707151 | 1.544078 |
| 0.709497 | 1.543974 |
| 0.711852 | 1.543871 |
| 0.714214 | 1.543768 |
| 0.716583 | 1.543666 |
| 0.718961 | 1.543564 |
| 0.721347 | 1.543463 |
| 0.72374 | 1.543363 |
| 0.726142 | 1.543264 |
| 0.728551 | 1.543165 |
| 0.730969 | 1.543067 |
| 0.733394 | 1.542969 |
| 0.735828 | 1.542872 |
| 0.738269 | 1.542775 |
| 0.740719 | 1.54268 |
| 0.743177 | 1.542584 |
| 0.745643 | 1.54249 |
| 0.748117 | 1.542396 |
| 0.750599 | 1.542302 |
| 0.75309 | 1.54221 |
| 0.755589 | 1.542117 |
| 0.758096 | 1.542026 |
| 0.760612 | 1.541935 |
| 0.763135 | 1.541844 |
| 0.765668 | 1.541755 |
| 0.768208 | 1.541665 |
| 0.770757 | 1.541576 |
| 0.773315 | 1.541488 |
| 0.775881 | 1.541401 |
| 0.778455 | 1.541314 |
| 0.781038 | 1.541227 |
| 0.78363 | 1.541141 |
| 0.78623 | 1.541056 |
| 0.788839 | 1.540971 |
| 0.791456 | 1.540887 |
| 0.794083 | 1.540803 |
| 0.796718 | 1.54072 |
| 0.799361 | 1.540637 |
| 0.802014 | 1.540555 |
| 0.804675 | 1.540473 |
| 0.807345 | 1.540392 |
| 0.810024 | 1.540312 |
| 0.812712 | 1.540231 |
| 0.815408 | 1.540152 |
| 0.818114 | 1.540073 |
| 0.820829 | 1.539994 |
| 0.823552 | 1.539916 |
| 0.826285 | 1.539839 |
| 0.829027 | 1.539762 |
| 0.831777 | 1.539685 |
| 0.834537 | 1.539609 |
| 0.837307 | 1.539533 |
| 0.840085 | 1.539458 |
| 0.842872 | 1.539384 |
| 0.845669 | 1.53931 |
| 0.848475 | 1.539236 |
| 0.851291 | 1.539163 |
| 0.854115 | 1.53909 |
| 0.856949 | 1.539018 |
| 0.859793 | 1.538946 |
| 0.862646 | 1.538875 |
| 0.865508 | 1.538804 |
| 0.86838 | 1.538733 |
| 0.871262 | 1.538663 |
| 0.874153 | 1.538594 |
| 0.877053 | 1.538525 |
| 0.879963 | 1.538456 |
| 0.882883 | 1.538388 |
| 0.885813 | 1.53832 |
| 0.888752 | 1.538253 |
| 0.891701 | 1.538186 |
| 0.89466 | 1.53812 |
| 0.897629 | 1.538054 |
| 0.900607 | 1.537988 |
| 0.903595 | 1.537923 |
| 0.906594 | 1.537858 |
| 0.909602 | 1.537794 |
| 0.91262 | 1.53773 |
| 0.915648 | 1.537667 |
| 0.918687 | 1.537604 |
| 0.921735 | 1.537541 |
| 0.924793 | 1.537479 |
| 0.927862 | 1.537417 |
| 0.930941 | 1.537355 |
| 0.93403 | 1.537294 |
| 0.937129 | 1.537233 |
| 0.940239 | 1.537173 |
| 0.943359 | 1.537113 |
| 0.946489 | 1.537054 |
| 0.949629 | 1.536995 |
| 0.95278 | 1.536936 |
| 0.955942 | 1.536877 |
| 0.959114 | 1.536819 |
| 0.962296 | 1.536762 |
| 0.965489 | 1.536705 |
| 0.968693 | 1.536648 |
| 0.971907 | 1.536591 |
| 0.975132 | 1.536535 |
| 0.978368 | 1.536479 |
| 0.981614 | 1.536424 |
| 0.984871 | 1.536369 |
| 0.988139 | 1.536314 |
| 0.991418 | 1.53626 |
| 0.994708 | 1.536206 |
| 0.998009 | 1.536152 |
| 1.00132 | 1.536099 |
| 1.00464 | 1.536046 |
| 1.00798 | 1.535993 |
| 1.01132 | 1.535941 |
| 1.01468 | 1.535889 |
| 1.01804 | 1.535837 |
| 1.02142 | 1.535786 |
| 1.02481 | 1.535735 |
| 1.02821 | 1.535685 |
| 1.03162 | 1.535634 |
| 1.03505 | 1.535584 |
| 1.03848 | 1.535535 |
| 1.04193 | 1.535485 |
| 1.04538 | 1.535436 |
| 1.04885 | 1.535388 |
| 1.05233 | 1.535339 |
| 1.05582 | 1.535291 |
| 1.05933 | 1.535244 |
| 1.06284 | 1.535196 |
| 1.06637 | 1.535149 |
| 1.06991 | 1.535102 |
| 1.07346 | 1.535056 |
| 1.07702 | 1.53501 |
| 1.08059 | 1.534964 |
| 1.08418 | 1.534918 |
| 1.08778 | 1.534873 |
| 1.09139 | 1.534828 |
| 1.09501 | 1.534783 |
| 1.09864 | 1.534739 |
| 1.10229 | 1.534695 |
| 1.10594 | 1.534651 |
| 1.10961 | 1.534607 |
| 1.1133 | 1.534564 |
| 1.11699 | 1.534521 |
| 1.1207 | 1.534478 |
| 1.12441 | 1.534436 |
| 1.12815 | 1.534394 |
| 1.13189 | 1.534352 |
| 1.13564 | 1.53431 |
| 1.13941 | 1.534269 |
| 1.14319 | 1.534228 |
| 1.14699 | 1.534187 |
| 1.15079 | 1.534146 |
| 1.15461 | 1.534106 |
| 1.15844 | 1.534066 |
| 1.16229 | 1.534026 |
| 1.16614 | 1.533987 |
| 1.17001 | 1.533947 |
| 1.1739 | 1.533908 |
| 1.17779 | 1.53387 |
| 1.1817 | 1.533831 |
| 1.18562 | 1.533793 |
| 1.18955 | 1.533755 |
| 1.1935 | 1.533717 |
| 1.19746 | 1.53368 |
| 1.20143 | 1.533642 |
| 1.20542 | 1.533605 |
| 1.20942 | 1.533569 |
| 1.21343 | 1.533532 |
| 1.21746 | 1.533496 |
| 1.2215 | 1.53346 |
| 1.22555 | 1.533424 |
| 1.22962 | 1.533388 |
| 1.2337 | 1.533353 |
| 1.23779 | 1.533318 |
| 1.2419 | 1.533283 |
| 1.24602 | 1.533248 |
| 1.25016 | 1.533214 |
| 1.2543 | 1.53318 |
| 1.25847 | 1.533146 |
| 1.26264 | 1.533112 |
| 1.26683 | 1.533078 |
| 1.27104 | 1.533045 |
| 1.27525 | 1.533012 |
| 1.27948 | 1.532979 |
| 1.28373 | 1.532946 |
| 1.28799 | 1.532914 |
| 1.29226 | 1.532882 |
| 1.29655 | 1.53285 |
| 1.30085 | 1.532818 |
| 1.30517 | 1.532786 |
| 1.3095 | 1.532755 |
| 1.31385 | 1.532723 |
| 1.3182 | 1.532692 |
| 1.32258 | 1.532662 |
| 1.32697 | 1.532631 |
| 1.33137 | 1.532601 |
| 1.33579 | 1.53257 |
| 1.34022 | 1.53254 |
| 1.34467 | 1.532511 |
| 1.34913 | 1.532481 |
| 1.35361 | 1.532452 |
| 1.3581 | 1.532422 |
| 1.3626 | 1.532393 |
| 1.36713 | 1.532364 |
| 1.37166 | 1.532336 |
| 1.37621 | 1.532307 |
| 1.38078 | 1.532279 |
| 1.38536 | 1.532251 |
| 1.38996 | 1.532223 |
| 1.39457 | 1.532195 |
| 1.3992 | 1.532168 |
| 1.40384 | 1.53214 |
| 1.4085 | 1.532113 |
| 1.41317 | 1.532086 |
| 1.41786 | 1.532059 |
| 1.42257 | 1.532032 |
| 1.42729 | 1.532006 |
| 1.43202 | 1.53198 |
| 1.43677 | 1.531953 |
| 1.44154 | 1.531927 |
| 1.44632 | 1.531902 |
| 1.45112 | 1.531876 |
| 1.45594 | 1.531851 |
| 1.46077 | 1.531825 |
| 1.46562 | 1.5318 |
| 1.47048 | 1.531775 |
| 1.47536 | 1.53175 |
| 1.48026 | 1.531726 |
| 1.48517 | 1.531701 |
| 1.49009 | 1.531677 |
| 1.49504 | 1.531653 |
| 1.5 | 1.531629 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Photocrosslinkable fibroin film. Formed using formic acid. Uncrosslinked.