Optical constants
Refractive index of Bombyx mori (silkworm) silk
Bucciarelli et al. 2018: Photocrosslinkable sericin film, uncrosslinked; n 0.4–1.5 µm
- Data
- formula 5
- Range
- 0.4–1.5 µm
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
Plot
Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.
At one wavelength
- Refractive index n
- 1.5455
- Extinction coefficient k
- 0
- Permittivity ε1
- 2.38858
- Permittivity ε2
- 0
- Absorption coefficient α
- 0 cm⁻¹
- Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
- — nm
- Abbe number Vd
- 36.573
- Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
- -0.0754968 µm⁻¹
- Group index ng
- 1.58987
- Group velocity dispersion
- 152.447 fs²/mm
- Dispersion parameter D
- -831.679 ps/(nm·km)
- Photon energy
- 2.11001 eV
ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.
Use it in Lightsmith
Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line
pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls
# Bombyx mori (silkworm) silk: Bucciarelli et al. 2018: Photocrosslinkable sericin film, uncrosslinked; n 0.4–1.5 µm
bombyx_mori = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("other", "Bombyx_mori", "Bucciarelli-SPP_FA_Unex", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(bombyx_mori.range_nm) # (400, 1500) nm
eps = bombyx_mori.eps([633]) # complex permittivity
Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.
import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls
url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_fa98ce3eab55/lightsmith"
bombyx_mori = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(bombyx_mori.source) # citation and provenance travel with the data
Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (bombyx-mori/bucciarelli-2018-spp-fa-unex).
# ... load bombyx_mori as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=bombyx_mori)],
medium_index=1.0,
wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim) # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext) # extinction efficiency at each wavelength
Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).
Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.
Dispersion formula
Cauchy (formula 5), λ in µmValid from 0.4 to 1.5 µm.
Coefficients as stored
| Ci | Value |
|---|---|
| C1 | 1.525 |
| C2 | 0.0065 |
| C3 | -2.0 |
| C4 | 0.0002 |
| C5 | -4.0 |
Comments and conditions
References
- doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.02.058 A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices, Optical Materials (2018)
Cite
A. Bucciarelli et al.. A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices. Optical Materials, 78, 407-414 (2018), doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2018.02.058; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)
Data
Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library| λ (µm) | n |
|---|---|
| 0.4 | 1.573437 |
| 0.401327 | 1.573066 |
| 0.402659 | 1.572698 |
| 0.403995 | 1.572334 |
| 0.405336 | 1.571972 |
| 0.406681 | 1.571613 |
| 0.40803 | 1.571257 |
| 0.409384 | 1.570904 |
| 0.410742 | 1.570555 |
| 0.412105 | 1.570208 |
| 0.413473 | 1.569864 |
| 0.414845 | 1.569522 |
| 0.416221 | 1.569184 |
| 0.417602 | 1.568849 |
| 0.418988 | 1.568516 |
| 0.420378 | 1.568186 |
| 0.421773 | 1.567859 |
| 0.423173 | 1.567534 |
| 0.424577 | 1.567213 |
| 0.425985 | 1.566894 |
| 0.427399 | 1.566577 |
| 0.428817 | 1.566263 |
| 0.43024 | 1.565952 |
| 0.431668 | 1.565643 |
| 0.4331 | 1.565337 |
| 0.434537 | 1.565033 |
| 0.435979 | 1.564732 |
| 0.437426 | 1.564434 |
| 0.438877 | 1.564137 |
| 0.440333 | 1.563843 |
| 0.441794 | 1.563552 |
| 0.44326 | 1.563263 |
| 0.444731 | 1.562976 |
| 0.446207 | 1.562692 |
| 0.447687 | 1.56241 |
| 0.449173 | 1.56213 |
| 0.450663 | 1.561853 |
| 0.452159 | 1.561578 |
| 0.453659 | 1.561305 |
| 0.455164 | 1.561034 |
| 0.456675 | 1.560766 |
| 0.45819 | 1.560499 |
| 0.45971 | 1.560235 |
| 0.461236 | 1.559973 |
| 0.462766 | 1.559713 |
| 0.464302 | 1.559455 |
| 0.465842 | 1.5592 |
| 0.467388 | 1.558946 |
| 0.468939 | 1.558694 |
| 0.470495 | 1.558445 |
| 0.472056 | 1.558197 |
| 0.473623 | 1.557951 |
| 0.475194 | 1.557708 |
| 0.476771 | 1.557466 |
| 0.478353 | 1.557226 |
| 0.47994 | 1.556988 |
| 0.481533 | 1.556752 |
| 0.483131 | 1.556518 |
| 0.484734 | 1.556286 |
| 0.486342 | 1.556056 |
| 0.487956 | 1.555827 |
| 0.489575 | 1.5556 |
| 0.491199 | 1.555376 |
| 0.492829 | 1.555152 |
| 0.494465 | 1.554931 |
| 0.496105 | 1.554712 |
| 0.497751 | 1.554494 |
| 0.499403 | 1.554278 |
| 0.50106 | 1.554063 |
| 0.502723 | 1.55385 |
| 0.504391 | 1.553639 |
| 0.506065 | 1.55343 |
| 0.507744 | 1.553222 |
| 0.509429 | 1.553016 |
| 0.511119 | 1.552812 |
| 0.512815 | 1.552609 |
| 0.514516 | 1.552407 |
| 0.516224 | 1.552208 |
| 0.517937 | 1.55201 |
| 0.519655 | 1.551813 |
| 0.52138 | 1.551618 |
| 0.52311 | 1.551424 |
| 0.524845 | 1.551232 |
| 0.526587 | 1.551042 |
| 0.528334 | 1.550853 |
| 0.530087 | 1.550665 |
| 0.531846 | 1.550479 |
| 0.533611 | 1.550295 |
| 0.535382 | 1.550111 |
| 0.537158 | 1.54993 |
| 0.53894 | 1.549749 |
| 0.540729 | 1.54957 |
| 0.542523 | 1.549393 |
| 0.544323 | 1.549216 |
| 0.546129 | 1.549042 |
| 0.547941 | 1.548868 |
| 0.54976 | 1.548696 |
| 0.551584 | 1.548525 |
| 0.553414 | 1.548356 |
| 0.55525 | 1.548187 |
| 0.557093 | 1.54802 |
| 0.558941 | 1.547855 |
| 0.560796 | 1.54769 |
| 0.562657 | 1.547527 |
| 0.564524 | 1.547365 |
| 0.566397 | 1.547205 |
| 0.568276 | 1.547045 |
| 0.570162 | 1.546887 |
| 0.572054 | 1.54673 |
| 0.573952 | 1.546575 |
| 0.575856 | 1.54642 |
| 0.577767 | 1.546267 |
| 0.579684 | 1.546114 |
| 0.581608 | 1.545963 |
| 0.583538 | 1.545814 |
| 0.585474 | 1.545665 |
| 0.587417 | 1.545517 |
| 0.589366 | 1.545371 |
| 0.591321 | 1.545225 |
| 0.593284 | 1.545081 |
| 0.595252 | 1.544938 |
| 0.597227 | 1.544796 |
| 0.599209 | 1.544655 |
| 0.601197 | 1.544515 |
| 0.603192 | 1.544376 |
| 0.605194 | 1.544238 |
| 0.607202 | 1.544101 |
| 0.609217 | 1.543965 |
| 0.611238 | 1.543831 |
| 0.613266 | 1.543697 |
| 0.615301 | 1.543564 |
| 0.617343 | 1.543432 |
| 0.619391 | 1.543302 |
| 0.621447 | 1.543172 |
| 0.623509 | 1.543043 |
| 0.625577 | 1.542915 |
| 0.627653 | 1.542788 |
| 0.629736 | 1.542662 |
| 0.631825 | 1.542537 |
| 0.633922 | 1.542413 |
| 0.636025 | 1.54229 |
| 0.638136 | 1.542168 |
| 0.640253 | 1.542047 |
| 0.642378 | 1.541926 |
| 0.644509 | 1.541807 |
| 0.646648 | 1.541688 |
| 0.648794 | 1.541571 |
| 0.650946 | 1.541454 |
| 0.653106 | 1.541338 |
| 0.655273 | 1.541223 |
| 0.657448 | 1.541109 |
| 0.659629 | 1.540995 |
| 0.661818 | 1.540883 |
| 0.664014 | 1.540771 |
| 0.666217 | 1.54066 |
| 0.668428 | 1.54055 |
| 0.670646 | 1.540441 |
| 0.672871 | 1.540332 |
| 0.675104 | 1.540225 |
| 0.677344 | 1.540118 |
| 0.679592 | 1.540012 |
| 0.681847 | 1.539906 |
| 0.684109 | 1.539802 |
| 0.686379 | 1.539698 |
| 0.688657 | 1.539595 |
| 0.690942 | 1.539493 |
| 0.693234 | 1.539391 |
| 0.695535 | 1.539291 |
| 0.697842 | 1.539191 |
| 0.700158 | 1.539092 |
| 0.702481 | 1.538993 |
| 0.704812 | 1.538895 |
| 0.707151 | 1.538798 |
| 0.709497 | 1.538702 |
| 0.711852 | 1.538606 |
| 0.714214 | 1.538511 |
| 0.716583 | 1.538417 |
| 0.718961 | 1.538323 |
| 0.721347 | 1.53823 |
| 0.72374 | 1.538138 |
| 0.726142 | 1.538047 |
| 0.728551 | 1.537956 |
| 0.730969 | 1.537866 |
| 0.733394 | 1.537776 |
| 0.735828 | 1.537687 |
| 0.738269 | 1.537599 |
| 0.740719 | 1.537511 |
| 0.743177 | 1.537424 |
| 0.745643 | 1.537338 |
| 0.748117 | 1.537252 |
| 0.750599 | 1.537167 |
| 0.75309 | 1.537083 |
| 0.755589 | 1.536999 |
| 0.758096 | 1.536916 |
| 0.760612 | 1.536833 |
| 0.763135 | 1.536751 |
| 0.765668 | 1.536669 |
| 0.768208 | 1.536589 |
| 0.770757 | 1.536508 |
| 0.773315 | 1.536429 |
| 0.775881 | 1.536349 |
| 0.778455 | 1.536271 |
| 0.781038 | 1.536193 |
| 0.78363 | 1.536115 |
| 0.78623 | 1.536039 |
| 0.788839 | 1.535962 |
| 0.791456 | 1.535886 |
| 0.794083 | 1.535811 |
| 0.796718 | 1.535736 |
| 0.799361 | 1.535662 |
| 0.802014 | 1.535589 |
| 0.804675 | 1.535516 |
| 0.807345 | 1.535443 |
| 0.810024 | 1.535371 |
| 0.812712 | 1.535299 |
| 0.815408 | 1.535228 |
| 0.818114 | 1.535158 |
| 0.820829 | 1.535088 |
| 0.823552 | 1.535018 |
| 0.826285 | 1.534949 |
| 0.829027 | 1.534881 |
| 0.831777 | 1.534813 |
| 0.834537 | 1.534745 |
| 0.837307 | 1.534678 |
| 0.840085 | 1.534612 |
| 0.842872 | 1.534546 |
| 0.845669 | 1.53448 |
| 0.848475 | 1.534415 |
| 0.851291 | 1.53435 |
| 0.854115 | 1.534286 |
| 0.856949 | 1.534222 |
| 0.859793 | 1.534159 |
| 0.862646 | 1.534096 |
| 0.865508 | 1.534033 |
| 0.86838 | 1.533971 |
| 0.871262 | 1.53391 |
| 0.874153 | 1.533849 |
| 0.877053 | 1.533788 |
| 0.879963 | 1.533728 |
| 0.882883 | 1.533668 |
| 0.885813 | 1.533609 |
| 0.888752 | 1.53355 |
| 0.891701 | 1.533491 |
| 0.89466 | 1.533433 |
| 0.897629 | 1.533375 |
| 0.900607 | 1.533318 |
| 0.903595 | 1.533261 |
| 0.906594 | 1.533204 |
| 0.909602 | 1.533148 |
| 0.91262 | 1.533093 |
| 0.915648 | 1.533037 |
| 0.918687 | 1.532982 |
| 0.921735 | 1.532928 |
| 0.924793 | 1.532874 |
| 0.927862 | 1.53282 |
| 0.930941 | 1.532766 |
| 0.93403 | 1.532713 |
| 0.937129 | 1.532661 |
| 0.940239 | 1.532608 |
| 0.943359 | 1.532557 |
| 0.946489 | 1.532505 |
| 0.949629 | 1.532454 |
| 0.95278 | 1.532403 |
| 0.955942 | 1.532352 |
| 0.959114 | 1.532302 |
| 0.962296 | 1.532253 |
| 0.965489 | 1.532203 |
| 0.968693 | 1.532154 |
| 0.971907 | 1.532105 |
| 0.975132 | 1.532057 |
| 0.978368 | 1.532009 |
| 0.981614 | 1.531961 |
| 0.984871 | 1.531914 |
| 0.988139 | 1.531867 |
| 0.991418 | 1.53182 |
| 0.994708 | 1.531774 |
| 0.998009 | 1.531728 |
| 1.00132 | 1.531682 |
| 1.00464 | 1.531636 |
| 1.00798 | 1.531591 |
| 1.01132 | 1.531546 |
| 1.01468 | 1.531502 |
| 1.01804 | 1.531458 |
| 1.02142 | 1.531414 |
| 1.02481 | 1.53137 |
| 1.02821 | 1.531327 |
| 1.03162 | 1.531284 |
| 1.03505 | 1.531242 |
| 1.03848 | 1.531199 |
| 1.04193 | 1.531157 |
| 1.04538 | 1.531115 |
| 1.04885 | 1.531074 |
| 1.05233 | 1.531033 |
| 1.05582 | 1.530992 |
| 1.05933 | 1.530951 |
| 1.06284 | 1.530911 |
| 1.06637 | 1.530871 |
| 1.06991 | 1.530831 |
| 1.07346 | 1.530791 |
| 1.07702 | 1.530752 |
| 1.08059 | 1.530713 |
| 1.08418 | 1.530675 |
| 1.08778 | 1.530636 |
| 1.09139 | 1.530598 |
| 1.09501 | 1.53056 |
| 1.09864 | 1.530522 |
| 1.10229 | 1.530485 |
| 1.10594 | 1.530448 |
| 1.10961 | 1.530411 |
| 1.1133 | 1.530375 |
| 1.11699 | 1.530338 |
| 1.1207 | 1.530302 |
| 1.12441 | 1.530266 |
| 1.12815 | 1.530231 |
| 1.13189 | 1.530195 |
| 1.13564 | 1.53016 |
| 1.13941 | 1.530125 |
| 1.14319 | 1.530091 |
| 1.14699 | 1.530056 |
| 1.15079 | 1.530022 |
| 1.15461 | 1.529988 |
| 1.15844 | 1.529955 |
| 1.16229 | 1.529921 |
| 1.16614 | 1.529888 |
| 1.17001 | 1.529855 |
| 1.1739 | 1.529822 |
| 1.17779 | 1.52979 |
| 1.1817 | 1.529757 |
| 1.18562 | 1.529725 |
| 1.18955 | 1.529693 |
| 1.1935 | 1.529662 |
| 1.19746 | 1.52963 |
| 1.20143 | 1.529599 |
| 1.20542 | 1.529568 |
| 1.20942 | 1.529537 |
| 1.21343 | 1.529507 |
| 1.21746 | 1.529476 |
| 1.2215 | 1.529446 |
| 1.22555 | 1.529416 |
| 1.22962 | 1.529387 |
| 1.2337 | 1.529357 |
| 1.23779 | 1.529328 |
| 1.2419 | 1.529299 |
| 1.24602 | 1.52927 |
| 1.25016 | 1.529241 |
| 1.2543 | 1.529212 |
| 1.25847 | 1.529184 |
| 1.26264 | 1.529156 |
| 1.26683 | 1.529128 |
| 1.27104 | 1.5291 |
| 1.27525 | 1.529073 |
| 1.27948 | 1.529045 |
| 1.28373 | 1.529018 |
| 1.28799 | 1.528991 |
| 1.29226 | 1.528964 |
| 1.29655 | 1.528937 |
| 1.30085 | 1.528911 |
| 1.30517 | 1.528885 |
| 1.3095 | 1.528859 |
| 1.31385 | 1.528833 |
| 1.3182 | 1.528807 |
| 1.32258 | 1.528781 |
| 1.32697 | 1.528756 |
| 1.33137 | 1.528731 |
| 1.33579 | 1.528706 |
| 1.34022 | 1.528681 |
| 1.34467 | 1.528656 |
| 1.34913 | 1.528632 |
| 1.35361 | 1.528607 |
| 1.3581 | 1.528583 |
| 1.3626 | 1.528559 |
| 1.36713 | 1.528535 |
| 1.37166 | 1.528511 |
| 1.37621 | 1.528488 |
| 1.38078 | 1.528464 |
| 1.38536 | 1.528441 |
| 1.38996 | 1.528418 |
| 1.39457 | 1.528395 |
| 1.3992 | 1.528372 |
| 1.40384 | 1.52835 |
| 1.4085 | 1.528327 |
| 1.41317 | 1.528305 |
| 1.41786 | 1.528283 |
| 1.42257 | 1.528261 |
| 1.42729 | 1.528239 |
| 1.43202 | 1.528217 |
| 1.43677 | 1.528196 |
| 1.44154 | 1.528174 |
| 1.44632 | 1.528153 |
| 1.45112 | 1.528132 |
| 1.45594 | 1.528111 |
| 1.46077 | 1.52809 |
| 1.46562 | 1.528069 |
| 1.47048 | 1.528049 |
| 1.47536 | 1.528028 |
| 1.48026 | 1.528008 |
| 1.48517 | 1.527988 |
| 1.49009 | 1.527968 |
| 1.49504 | 1.527948 |
| 1.5 | 1.527928 |
Optical transmission calculator
Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence- Transmittance T
- —
- Reflectance R
- —
Fresnel reflection calculator
- Rp
- —
- Rs
- —
- R = (Rp+Rs)/2
- —
- Phase φp
- —
- Phase φs
- —
- Brewster angle θB
- —
- Critical angle θC
- —
Photocrosslinkable sericin film. Formed using formic acid. Uncrosslinked.