Optical constants

Refractive index of C₄H₉OH (Butanol)

Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm

Data: formula 1
Range: 0.4–2 µm
Temperature: 295 K
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.39869
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 1.95633
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: 63.005
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.0325675 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.41783
Group velocity dispersion: 59.7987 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -326.234 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# C4H9OH (Butanol): Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm
c4h9oh = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("organic", "butanol", "Chang", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(c4h9oh.range_nm)  # (400, 2000) nm
eps = c4h9oh.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_fe8bcc049044/lightsmith"
c4h9oh = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(c4h9oh.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (butanol/chang-2024).

# ... load c4h9oh as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=c4h9oh)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_fe8bcc049044/lightsmith?model=drude_lorentz"
c4h9oh_dl = ls.DrudeLorentz.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))

A dispersive Drude–Lorentz model for time-domain solvers.

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

Sellmeier (formula 1), λ in µm

n^{2} - 1 = \frac{0.9314 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {0.0959}^{2}} + \frac{0.0137 λ^{2}}{λ^{2} - {2.97}^{2}}

Valid from 0.4 to 2.0 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	0.0
C2	0.9314
C3	0.0959
C4	0.0137
C5	2.97

Comments and conditions

1-Butanol. 21.5–22.0 °C.

Conditions

temperature: 295 K

References

H.-J. Chang, N. Munera, C. Lopez-Zelaya, D. Banerjee, G. Beadie, E. W. Van Stryland, D. J. Hagan. Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry. Opt. Mater. Express 14, 1253–1267 (2024)

doi:10.1364/ome.519907 Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry, Optical Materials Express (2024)

Cite

Hao-Jung Chang et al.. Refractive index measurements of liquids from 0.5 to 2 µm using Rayleigh interferometry. Optical Materials Express, 14, 1253 (2024), doi:10.1364/ome.519907; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

C4H9OH (Butanol), Chang et al. 2024: n 0.4–2.0 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.4	1.409946
0.401617	1.409774
0.40324	1.409603
0.40487	1.409434
0.406506	1.409266
0.408149	1.409099
0.409799	1.408935
0.411455	1.408771
0.413118	1.408609
0.414788	1.408448
0.416465	1.408289
0.418148	1.408131
0.419838	1.407975
0.421535	1.40782
0.423239	1.407666
0.424949	1.407513
0.426667	1.407362
0.428391	1.407213
0.430123	1.407064
0.431861	1.406917
0.433607	1.406771
0.435359	1.406626
0.437119	1.406483
0.438886	1.406341
0.44066	1.4062
0.442441	1.40606
0.444229	1.405922
0.446024	1.405784
0.447827	1.405648
0.449637	1.405513
0.451455	1.405379
0.453279	1.405247
0.455111	1.405115
0.456951	1.404985
0.458798	1.404855
0.460652	1.404727
0.462514	1.4046
0.464383	1.404474
0.46626	1.404349
0.468145	1.404225
0.470037	1.404102
0.471937	1.403981
0.473844	1.40386
0.47576	1.40374
0.477683	1.403621
0.479613	1.403504
0.481552	1.403387
0.483498	1.403271
0.485452	1.403156
0.487414	1.403043
0.489385	1.40293
0.491363	1.402818
0.493349	1.402707
0.495343	1.402597
0.497345	1.402488
0.499355	1.40238
0.501373	1.402273
0.5034	1.402166
0.505434	1.402061
0.507477	1.401956
0.509528	1.401852
0.511588	1.40175
0.513655	1.401648
0.515732	1.401547
0.517816	1.401446
0.519909	1.401347
0.52201	1.401248
0.52412	1.40115
0.526239	1.401053
0.528366	1.400957
0.530501	1.400862
0.532645	1.400767
0.534798	1.400673
0.53696	1.40058
0.53913	1.400488
0.541309	1.400396
0.543497	1.400306
0.545694	1.400216
0.547899	1.400126
0.550114	1.400038
0.552337	1.39995
0.55457	1.399863
0.556811	1.399776
0.559062	1.399691
0.561321	1.399606
0.56359	1.399521
0.565868	1.399438
0.568155	1.399355
0.570452	1.399273
0.572757	1.399191
0.575072	1.39911
0.577397	1.39903
0.57973	1.39895
0.582073	1.398871
0.584426	1.398793
0.586788	1.398715
0.58916	1.398638
0.591541	1.398562
0.593932	1.398486
0.596333	1.39841
0.598743	1.398336
0.601163	1.398262
0.603593	1.398188
0.606032	1.398115
0.608482	1.398043
0.610941	1.397971
0.613411	1.3979
0.61589	1.39783
0.618379	1.39776
0.620879	1.39769
0.623388	1.397621
0.625908	1.397553
0.628438	1.397485
0.630978	1.397418
0.633528	1.397351
0.636088	1.397285
0.638659	1.397219
0.641241	1.397154
0.643833	1.397089
0.646435	1.397025
0.649048	1.396961
0.651671	1.396898
0.654305	1.396835
0.656949	1.396773
0.659605	1.396711
0.662271	1.39665
0.664948	1.396589
0.667635	1.396529
0.670334	1.396469
0.673043	1.39641
0.675763	1.396351
0.678495	1.396292
0.681237	1.396234
0.68399	1.396177
0.686755	1.396119
0.689531	1.396063
0.692318	1.396006
0.695116	1.395951
0.697925	1.395895
0.700746	1.39584
0.703579	1.395785
0.706422	1.395731
0.709278	1.395677
0.712144	1.395624
0.715023	1.395571
0.717913	1.395518
0.720814	1.395466
0.723728	1.395414
0.726653	1.395363
0.72959	1.395312
0.732539	1.395261
0.7355	1.395211
0.738472	1.395161
0.741457	1.395111
0.744454	1.395062
0.747463	1.395013
0.750484	1.394965
0.753517	1.394917
0.756563	1.394869
0.759621	1.394821
0.762691	1.394774
0.765774	1.394727
0.768869	1.394681
0.771977	1.394635
0.775097	1.394589
0.77823	1.394544
0.781375	1.394498
0.784533	1.394454
0.787704	1.394409
0.790888	1.394365
0.794085	1.394321
0.797294	1.394277
0.800517	1.394234
0.803752	1.394191
0.807001	1.394148
0.810263	1.394106
0.813538	1.394064
0.816826	1.394022
0.820127	1.39398
0.823442	1.393939
0.82677	1.393898
0.830112	1.393857
0.833467	1.393817
0.836836	1.393777
0.840218	1.393737
0.843614	1.393697
0.847024	1.393658
0.850447	1.393618
0.853885	1.39358
0.857336	1.393541
0.860801	1.393502
0.86428	1.393464
0.867774	1.393426
0.871281	1.393389
0.874803	1.393351
0.878338	1.393314
0.881888	1.393277
0.885453	1.39324
0.889032	1.393204
0.892625	1.393168
0.896233	1.393131
0.899855	1.393096
0.903492	1.39306
0.907144	1.393025
0.910811	1.392989
0.914492	1.392954
0.918188	1.392919
0.921899	1.392885
0.925626	1.39285
0.929367	1.392816
0.933123	1.392782
0.936895	1.392748
0.940681	1.392715
0.944483	1.392681
0.948301	1.392648
0.952134	1.392615
0.955982	1.392582
0.959846	1.392549
0.963726	1.392517
0.967621	1.392484
0.971532	1.392452
0.975458	1.39242
0.979401	1.392388
0.98336	1.392356
0.987334	1.392325
0.991325	1.392293
0.995332	1.392262
0.999355	1.392231
1.00339	1.3922
1.00745	1.392169
1.01152	1.392139
1.01561	1.392108
1.01971	1.392078
1.02384	1.392048
1.02797	1.392017
1.03213	1.391987
1.0363	1.391958
1.04049	1.391928
1.04469	1.391898
1.04892	1.391869
1.05316	1.39184
1.05741	1.39181
1.06169	1.391781
1.06598	1.391752
1.07029	1.391723
1.07461	1.391694
1.07896	1.391666
1.08332	1.391637
1.0877	1.391609
1.09209	1.39158
1.09651	1.391552
1.10094	1.391524
1.10539	1.391496
1.10986	1.391468
1.11434	1.39144
1.11885	1.391412
1.12337	1.391384
1.12791	1.391357
1.13247	1.391329
1.13704	1.391302
1.14164	1.391274
1.14625	1.391247
1.15089	1.391219
1.15554	1.391192
1.16021	1.391165
1.1649	1.391138
1.16961	1.391111
1.17433	1.391084
1.17908	1.391057
1.18385	1.39103
1.18863	1.391003
1.19344	1.390976
1.19826	1.39095
1.2031	1.390923
1.20797	1.390896
1.21285	1.390869
1.21775	1.390843
1.22267	1.390816
1.22761	1.39079
1.23258	1.390763
1.23756	1.390737
1.24256	1.39071
1.24758	1.390684
1.25262	1.390657
1.25769	1.390631
1.26277	1.390604
1.26787	1.390578
1.273	1.390551
1.27814	1.390525
1.28331	1.390498
1.2885	1.390472
1.2937	1.390445
1.29893	1.390419
1.30418	1.390392
1.30945	1.390366
1.31475	1.390339
1.32006	1.390313
1.3254	1.390286
1.33075	1.390259
1.33613	1.390233
1.34153	1.390206
1.34696	1.390179
1.3524	1.390152
1.35787	1.390125
1.36335	1.390098
1.36886	1.390072
1.3744	1.390044
1.37995	1.390017
1.38553	1.38999
1.39113	1.389963
1.39675	1.389936
1.4024	1.389908
1.40807	1.389881
1.41376	1.389853
1.41947	1.389826
1.42521	1.389798
1.43097	1.38977
1.43675	1.389742
1.44256	1.389714
1.44839	1.389686
1.45424	1.389657
1.46012	1.389629
1.46602	1.3896
1.47195	1.389572
1.4779	1.389543
1.48387	1.389514
1.48987	1.389485
1.49589	1.389456
1.50194	1.389426
1.50801	1.389397
1.5141	1.389367
1.52022	1.389337
1.52637	1.389307
1.53254	1.389277
1.53873	1.389246
1.54495	1.389216
1.55119	1.389185
1.55746	1.389154
1.56376	1.389123
1.57008	1.389091
1.57643	1.389059
1.5828	1.389027
1.58919	1.388995
1.59562	1.388963
1.60207	1.38893
1.60854	1.388897
1.61504	1.388864
1.62157	1.388831
1.62813	1.388797
1.63471	1.388763
1.64131	1.388729
1.64795	1.388694
1.65461	1.388659
1.6613	1.388624
1.66801	1.388588
1.67475	1.388552
1.68152	1.388516
1.68832	1.388479
1.69514	1.388442
1.70199	1.388405
1.70887	1.388367
1.71578	1.388329
1.72271	1.38829
1.72968	1.388251
1.73667	1.388211
1.74369	1.388171
1.75074	1.388131
1.75781	1.38809
1.76492	1.388049
1.77205	1.388007
1.77921	1.387964
1.7864	1.387921
1.79362	1.387878
1.80087	1.387834
1.80815	1.387789
1.81546	1.387744
1.8228	1.387698
1.83017	1.387652
1.83756	1.387605
1.84499	1.387557
1.85245	1.387508
1.85993	1.387459
1.86745	1.387409
1.875	1.387359
1.88258	1.387307
1.89019	1.387255
1.89783	1.387202
1.9055	1.387148
1.9132	1.387094
1.92093	1.387038
1.9287	1.386982
1.93649	1.386924
1.94432	1.386866
1.95218	1.386806
1.96007	1.386746
1.96799	1.386684
1.97594	1.386622
1.98393	1.386558
1.99195	1.386493
2	1.386427

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

C₄H₉OH (Butanol): all datasets

About C4H9OH (Butanol)

Butanol (C₄H₁₀O) refers to a group of four isomeric alcohol compounds with a four-carbon structure. The isomers include n-butanol (or 1-butanol), isobutanol (or 2-methyl-1-propanol), sec-butanol (or 2-butanol), and tert-butanol (or 2-methyl-2-propanol). Of these, n-butanol is the most commonly referred to when discussing "butanol." Butanol is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a characteristic alcoholic odor. It is moderately soluble in water but is very soluble in most organic solvents. It's utilized in a wide variety of applications, including as a solvent in the manufacturing of resins, plasticizers, and other chemicals. It's also employed in the formulation of paints, coatings, varnishes, and inks. In addition, butanol is considered a potential biofuel, as it can be produced from biomass sources and has properties comparable to gasoline. Chemical formula (n-Butanol): CH₃(CH₂)₃OH or C₄H₉OH Chemical formula (sec-Butanol): CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₃ Chemical formula (Isobutanol): (CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH Chemical formula (tert-Butanol): (CH₃)₃COH

More about C4H9OH (Butanol) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/organic/C4H10O - butanol/nk/Chang.yml
ID: ds_fe8bcc049044
API: /v1/datasets/ds_fe8bcc049044

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