Optical constants

Refractive index of GaS (Gallium sulfide)

Kato and Umemura 2011: n(e) 0.633–10.6 µm

Data: formula 4
Range: 0.633–10.59 µm
Optical axis: e
Licence: CC0-1.0

Uniaxial crystal, axes: oe

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 2.23519
Extinction coefficient k: 0

Permittivity ε₁: 4.99606
Permittivity ε₂: 0

Absorption coefficient α: 0 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): — nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -0.00680106 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 2.2528
Group velocity dispersion: 178.345 fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: -50.0796 ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 0.478703 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# GaS (Gallium sulfide): Kato and Umemura 2011: n(e) 0.633–10.6 µm
gas = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "GaS", "Kato-e", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(gas.range_nm)  # (633, 10591) nm
eps = gas.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_768b3ebb6af1/lightsmith"
gas = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(gas.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (gas/kato-umemura-2011-e).

# ... load gas as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=gas)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=633, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Dispersion formula

RefractiveIndex.INFO (formula 4), λ in µm

n^{2} = 5.30813 + \frac{0.20852 λ^{0.0}}{λ^{2} - {0.05251}^{1.0}} + \frac{101.479 λ^{0.0}}{λ^{2} - {302.223}^{1.0}}

Valid from 0.633 to 10.591 µm.

Coefficients as stored

C_i	Value
C1	5.30813
C2	0.20852
C3	0.0
C4	0.05251
C5	1.0
C6	101.479
C7	0.0
C8	302.223
C9	1.0

Comments and conditions

Room temperature. Extraordinary ray (e).

Conditions

direction: e

References

K. Kato and N. Umemura. Sellmeier equations for GaS and GaSe and their applications to the nonlinear optics in GaS_xSe_1−x. Opt. Lett. 36, 746-747 (2011)

doi:10.1364/ol.36.000746 Sellmeier equations for GaS and GaSe and their applications to the nonlinear optics in GaS_xSe_1−x, Optics Letters (2011)

Cite

Kiyoshi Kato and Nobuhiro Umemura. Sellmeier equations for GaS and GaSe and their applications to the nonlinear optics in GaS_xSe_1−x. Optics Letters, 36, 746 (2011), doi:10.1364/ol.36.000746; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

Computed on 400 wavelengths, the same grid as the API and the library

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

GaS (Gallium sulfide), Kato and Umemura 2011: n(e) 0.633–10.6 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n
0.633	2.360253
0.637485	2.358208
0.642002	2.356198
0.646552	2.354223
0.651133	2.352282
0.655747	2.350374
0.660393	2.348498
0.665073	2.346654
0.669785	2.344842
0.674531	2.343061
0.679311	2.341309
0.684125	2.339587
0.688972	2.337894
0.693854	2.336229
0.698771	2.334592
0.703722	2.332982
0.708709	2.331399
0.71373	2.329843
0.718788	2.328312
0.723881	2.326806
0.72901	2.325325
0.734176	2.323868
0.739378	2.322435
0.744617	2.321026
0.749894	2.31964
0.755207	2.318276
0.760559	2.316934
0.765948	2.315614
0.771375	2.314315
0.776841	2.313037
0.782346	2.31178
0.787889	2.310543
0.793472	2.309326
0.799095	2.308128
0.804757	2.306949
0.810459	2.305789
0.816202	2.304648
0.821986	2.303524
0.82781	2.302419
0.833676	2.301331
0.839583	2.30026
0.845532	2.299206
0.851524	2.298168
0.857557	2.297147
0.863634	2.296141
0.869753	2.295152
0.875916	2.294178
0.882123	2.293219
0.888374	2.292275
0.894669	2.291345
0.901008	2.29043
0.907392	2.289529
0.913822	2.288642
0.920297	2.287769
0.926818	2.286909
0.933386	2.286062
0.94	2.285229
0.94666	2.284408
0.953368	2.283599
0.960124	2.282803
0.966927	2.282019
0.973778	2.281247
0.980679	2.280487
0.987627	2.279739
0.994626	2.279001
1.00167	2.278275
1.00877	2.27756
1.01592	2.276855
1.02312	2.276162
1.03037	2.275478
1.03767	2.274805
1.04502	2.274142
1.05243	2.273489
1.05988	2.272846
1.06739	2.272212
1.07496	2.271588
1.08257	2.270973
1.09025	2.270367
1.09797	2.26977
1.10575	2.269182
1.11359	2.268603
1.12148	2.268032
1.12942	2.26747
1.13743	2.266916
1.14549	2.26637
1.1536	2.265832
1.16178	2.265302
1.17001	2.26478
1.1783	2.264265
1.18665	2.263758
1.19506	2.263259
1.20353	2.262766
1.21205	2.262281
1.22064	2.261803
1.22929	2.261332
1.238	2.260868
1.24677	2.26041
1.25561	2.259959
1.26451	2.259514
1.27347	2.259076
1.28249	2.258645
1.29158	2.258219
1.30073	2.257799
1.30995	2.257386
1.31923	2.256978
1.32858	2.256577
1.33799	2.256181
1.34747	2.25579
1.35702	2.255405
1.36663	2.255026
1.37632	2.254652
1.38607	2.254283
1.39589	2.25392
1.40578	2.253561
1.41574	2.253208
1.42578	2.25286
1.43588	2.252516
1.44605	2.252177
1.4563	2.251843
1.46662	2.251514
1.47701	2.251189
1.48748	2.250869
1.49802	2.250553
1.50863	2.250242
1.51932	2.249935
1.53009	2.249632
1.54093	2.249333
1.55185	2.249038
1.56284	2.248748
1.57392	2.248461
1.58507	2.248178
1.5963	2.2479
1.60761	2.247624
1.619	2.247353
1.63048	2.247085
1.64203	2.246821
1.65367	2.24656
1.66538	2.246303
1.67718	2.24605
1.68907	2.245799
1.70104	2.245552
1.71309	2.245309
1.72523	2.245068
1.73745	2.244831
1.74976	2.244596
1.76216	2.244365
1.77465	2.244137
1.78722	2.243912
1.79989	2.24369
1.81264	2.24347
1.82549	2.243254
1.83842	2.24304
1.85145	2.242829
1.86457	2.24262
1.87778	2.242414
1.89109	2.242211
1.90449	2.24201
1.91798	2.241812
1.93157	2.241617
1.94526	2.241423
1.95904	2.241232
1.97292	2.241044
1.9869	2.240857
2.00098	2.240673
2.01516	2.240492
2.02944	2.240312
2.04382	2.240135
2.0583	2.239959
2.07289	2.239786
2.08758	2.239615
2.10237	2.239445
2.11726	2.239278
2.13227	2.239113
2.14738	2.238949
2.16259	2.238787
2.17792	2.238628
2.19335	2.23847
2.20889	2.238313
2.22454	2.238159
2.2403	2.238006
2.25618	2.237855
2.27217	2.237705
2.28827	2.237557
2.30448	2.237411
2.32081	2.237266
2.33726	2.237122
2.35382	2.23698
2.3705	2.23684
2.38729	2.236701
2.40421	2.236563
2.42124	2.236426
2.4384	2.236291
2.45568	2.236158
2.47308	2.236025
2.4906	2.235894
2.50825	2.235764
2.52602	2.235635
2.54392	2.235507
2.56195	2.235381
2.5801	2.235255
2.59839	2.235131
2.6168	2.235007
2.63534	2.234885
2.65401	2.234764
2.67282	2.234643
2.69176	2.234524
2.71083	2.234405
2.73004	2.234288
2.74939	2.234171
2.76887	2.234055
2.78849	2.23394
2.80825	2.233826
2.82814	2.233712
2.84818	2.233599
2.86837	2.233487
2.88869	2.233376
2.90916	2.233265
2.92977	2.233155
2.95053	2.233046
2.97144	2.232937
2.9925	2.232829
3.0137	2.232721
3.03506	2.232614
3.05656	2.232507
3.07822	2.232401
3.10003	2.232296
3.122	2.23219
3.14412	2.232086
3.1664	2.231981
3.18884	2.231877
3.21143	2.231774
3.23419	2.23167
3.2571	2.231567
3.28018	2.231465
3.30343	2.231362
3.32683	2.23126
3.35041	2.231158
3.37415	2.231056
3.39806	2.230954
3.42213	2.230853
3.44638	2.230752
3.4708	2.23065
3.4954	2.230549
3.52017	2.230448
3.54511	2.230347
3.57023	2.230246
3.59553	2.230145
3.621	2.230044
3.64666	2.229942
3.6725	2.229841
3.69852	2.22974
3.72473	2.229638
3.75113	2.229537
3.77771	2.229435
3.80447	2.229333
3.83143	2.22923
3.85858	2.229128
3.88592	2.229025
3.91346	2.228922
3.94119	2.228819
3.96911	2.228715
3.99724	2.228611
4.02556	2.228506
4.05409	2.228401
4.08281	2.228296
4.11174	2.22819
4.14088	2.228084
4.17022	2.227977
4.19977	2.227869
4.22953	2.227761
4.2595	2.227653
4.28968	2.227543
4.32008	2.227433
4.35069	2.227323
4.38152	2.227211
4.41256	2.227099
4.44383	2.226986
4.47532	2.226873
4.50703	2.226758
4.53897	2.226643
4.57113	2.226526
4.60352	2.226409
4.63614	2.226291
4.66899	2.226172
4.70207	2.226052
4.73539	2.22593
4.76895	2.225808
4.80274	2.225684
4.83677	2.22556
4.87104	2.225434
4.90556	2.225307
4.94032	2.225178
4.97533	2.225049
5.01058	2.224917
5.04608	2.224785
5.08184	2.224651
5.11785	2.224516
5.15411	2.224379
5.19064	2.22424
5.22742	2.2241
5.26446	2.223959
5.30176	2.223816
5.33933	2.22367
5.37716	2.223524
5.41526	2.223375
5.45363	2.223225
5.49228	2.223072
5.5312	2.222918
5.57039	2.222761
5.60986	2.222603
5.64961	2.222442
5.68964	2.222279
5.72996	2.222114
5.77056	2.221947
5.81145	2.221778
5.85263	2.221606
5.8941	2.221431
5.93587	2.221254
5.97793	2.221074
6.02028	2.220892
6.06294	2.220707
6.1059	2.220519
6.14917	2.220329
6.19274	2.220135
6.23662	2.219938
6.28082	2.219739
6.32532	2.219536
6.37014	2.21933
6.41528	2.21912
6.46074	2.218907
6.50652	2.218691
6.55262	2.218471
6.59905	2.218247
6.64581	2.21802
6.6929	2.217789
6.74033	2.217554
6.78809	2.217314
6.83619	2.217071
6.88463	2.216823
6.93341	2.216571
6.98254	2.216314
7.03202	2.216053
7.08185	2.215787
7.13203	2.215516
7.18256	2.21524
7.23346	2.214958
7.28471	2.214672
7.33633	2.21438
7.38832	2.214083
7.44067	2.21378
7.49339	2.21347
7.54649	2.213155
7.59996	2.212834
7.65382	2.212506
7.70805	2.212172
7.76267	2.211831
7.81767	2.211483
7.87307	2.211128
7.92886	2.210765
7.98504	2.210395
8.04162	2.210017
8.0986	2.209631
8.15599	2.209237
8.21378	2.208835
8.27198	2.208423
8.33059	2.208003
8.38962	2.207573
8.44907	2.207134
8.50894	2.206684
8.56923	2.206225
8.62995	2.205755
8.6911	2.205274
8.75269	2.204782
8.81471	2.204278
8.87717	2.203762
8.94007	2.203234
9.00342	2.202693
9.06722	2.202139
9.13147	2.201572
9.19617	2.20099
9.26133	2.200393
9.32696	2.199782
9.39305	2.199154
9.4596	2.198511
9.52663	2.19785
9.59414	2.197172
9.66212	2.196476
9.73059	2.195762
9.79954	2.195027
9.86897	2.194273
9.9389	2.193497
10.0093	2.1927
10.0803	2.191879
10.1517	2.191035
10.2236	2.190167
10.2961	2.189272
10.369	2.188351
10.4425	2.187402
10.5165	2.186424
10.591	2.185415

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

GaS (Gallium sulfide): all datasets

Bulk

Multilayer flakes

About GaS (Gallium sulfide)

Gallium sulfide (GaS) is a binary compound with a layered structure, belonging to the family of III-VI semiconductors. It has an indirect band gap of approximately 3.0 eV and is not as commonly used as other III-V compounds like GaAs or GaN. However, GaS exhibits intriguing optoelectronic and nonlinear optical properties, making it a material of interest for specialized applications. It can be synthesized in both crystalline and thin-film forms, and it has been explored for use in photodetectors and photovoltaic cells. While not a mainstream material, GaS is the subject of ongoing research aimed at uncovering its full potential for optoelectronic applications.

More about GaS (Gallium sulfide) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/GaS/nk/Kato-e.yml
ID: ds_768b3ebb6af1
API: /v1/datasets/ds_768b3ebb6af1

Plot