Optical constants

Refractive index of Pd (Palladium)

Johnson and Christy 1974: n,k 0.188–1.94 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.188–1.937 µm
Points: 49
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.6912
Extinction coefficient k: 4.0504

Permittivity ε₁: -13.5456
Permittivity ε₂: 13.7001

Absorption coefficient α: 866216 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 23.0889 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: 2 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 0.516
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Pd (Palladium): Johnson and Christy 1974: n,k 0.188–1.94 µm
pd = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Pd", "Johnson", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(pd.range_nm)  # (188, 1937) nm
eps = pd.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_d9979aa5e6d1/lightsmith"
pd = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(pd.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (pd/johnson-christy-1974).

# ... load pd as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=pd)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Room temperature

References

P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy. Optical constants of transition metals: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Pd. Phys. Rev. B 9, 5056-5070 (1974)

doi:10.1103/physrevb.9.5056 Optical constants of transition metals: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Pd, Physical Review B (1974)

Cite

P. Johnson and R. Christy. Optical constants of transition metals: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Pd. Physical Review B, 9, 5056-5070 (1974), doi:10.1103/physrevb.9.5056; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

49 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Pd (Palladium), Johnson and Christy 1974: n,k 0.188–1.94 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.188	0.84	1.38
0.192	0.85	1.42
0.195	0.85	1.46
0.199	0.85	1.5
0.203	0.86	1.55
0.207	0.87	1.6
0.212	0.89	1.65
0.216	0.91	1.7
0.221	0.92	1.76
0.226	0.94	1.81
0.231	0.97	1.86
0.237	1.0	1.91
0.243	1.04	1.95
0.249	1.08	1.99
0.255	1.11	2.03
0.262	1.13	2.07
0.269	1.16	2.1
0.276	1.19	2.13
0.284	1.18	2.18
0.292	1.18	2.23
0.301	1.2	2.29
0.311	1.21	2.35
0.32	1.21	2.42
0.332	1.2	2.5
0.342	1.22	2.57
0.354	1.23	2.65
0.368	1.24	2.74
0.381	1.26	2.83
0.397	1.3	2.93
0.413	1.33	3.03
0.431	1.37	3.14
0.451	1.41	3.26
0.471	1.46	3.39
0.496	1.52	3.54
0.521	1.57	3.68
0.549	1.64	3.84
0.582	1.68	4.02
0.617	1.75	4.21
0.659	1.8	4.42
0.704	1.86	4.65
0.756	1.95	4.89
0.821	2.06	5.19
0.892	2.23	5.5
0.984	2.34	5.89
1.088	2.52	6.33
1.216	2.66	6.9
1.393	2.8	7.65
1.61	3.01	8.59
1.937	3.34	9.89

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Pd (Palladium): all datasets

Experimental data

Models and simulations

About Pd (Palladium)

Palladium (Pd) is a lustrous silvery-white metal that belongs to the platinum group metals (PGMs). It is renowned for its outstanding catalytic properties, especially in hydrogenation reactions. Due to its ability to readily absorb hydrogen, palladium serves as an essential component in hydrogen storage and purification technologies. In the electronics sector, palladium is used for plating connectors, primarily because of its excellent conductivity and resistance to oxidation. Additionally, Pd-based compounds and alloys find applications in jewelry, dentistry, and the production of certain types of fuel cells. In the optical domain, thin palladium films can serve as semi-transparent coatings, allowing for specific optical behaviors such as controlled reflectivity.

More about Pd (Palladium) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/Pd/nk/Johnson.yml
ID: ds_d9979aa5e6d1
API: /v1/datasets/ds_d9979aa5e6d1

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