Optical constants

Refractive index of Pd (Palladium)

Werner et al. 2009: n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.01759–2.48 µm
Points: 150
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 0.365268
Extinction coefficient k: 4.75422

Permittivity ε₁: -22.4692
Permittivity ε₂: 3.47313

Absorption coefficient α: 1.01673e+06 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 19.6708 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: -1.66667 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.3446
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Pd (Palladium): Werner et al. 2009: n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm
pd = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Pd", "Werner", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(pd.range_nm)  # (17.586, 2479.68) nm
eps = pd.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_bb2195d3501f/lightsmith"
pd = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(pd.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (pd/werner-2009).

# ... load pd as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=pd)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Experimental data: Derived from reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra.

References

W. S. M. Werner, K. Glantschnig, C. Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical constants and inelastic electron-scattering data for 17 elemental metals. J. Phys Chem Ref. Data 38, 1013-1092 (2009)

doi:10.1063/1.3243762 Optical Constants and Inelastic Electron-Scattering Data for 17 Elemental Metals, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (2009)

Cite

Wolfgang S. M. Werner, Kathrin Glantschnig and Claudia Ambrosch-Draxl. Optical Constants and Inelastic Electron-Scattering Data for 17 Elemental Metals. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 38, 1013-1092 (2009), doi:10.1063/1.3243762; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

150 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Pd (Palladium), Werner et al. 2009: n,k 0.0176–2.48 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.017586	0.8049	0.0938
0.017712	0.803	0.099
0.017839	0.8019	0.1054
0.017969	0.8008	0.1111
0.0181	0.8005	0.1174
0.018233	0.8003	0.1243
0.018368	0.8013	0.1304
0.018505	0.8023	0.1365
0.018644	0.8044	0.1417
0.018785	0.8066	0.1469
0.018929	0.8088	0.1521
0.019074	0.812	0.1558
0.019222	0.8144	0.159
0.019373	0.8169	0.1622
0.019525	0.8191	0.1642
0.01968	0.8206	0.1657
0.019837	0.8221	0.1667
0.019997	0.8223	0.1678
0.02016	0.8219	0.1691
0.020325	0.8203	0.1701
0.020493	0.8182	0.1717
0.020664	0.8157	0.1741
0.020838	0.8126	0.1772
0.021014	0.8087	0.1818
0.021194	0.8048	0.1864
0.021377	0.8008	0.1929
0.021562	0.7965	0.2009
0.021752	0.7927	0.2107
0.021944	0.7894	0.2217
0.02214	0.7858	0.2354
0.022339	0.7806	0.2556
0.022543	0.7903	0.3107
0.022749	0.8519	0.277
0.02296	0.8407	0.2736
0.023175	0.8443	0.2807
0.023393	0.8529	0.2872
0.023616	0.8646	0.2909
0.023843	0.8769	0.2914
0.024075	0.8885	0.2887
0.024311	0.8985	0.2833
0.024551	0.906	0.2754
0.024797	0.9105	0.2663
0.025047	0.9117	0.2572
0.025303	0.9098	0.2484
0.025564	0.905	0.2409
0.02583	0.8975	0.2357
0.026102	0.8879	0.2331
0.02638	0.8769	0.2344
0.026663	0.8659	0.2402
0.026953	0.8558	0.2518
0.027249	0.8511	0.2691
0.027552	0.8561	0.2897
0.027862	0.873	0.3053
0.028178	0.8964	0.3074
0.028502	0.9135	0.2939
0.028834	0.9168	0.2749
0.029173	0.9078	0.2611
0.02952	0.8939	0.2551
0.029876	0.8796	0.2581
0.03024	0.8685	0.2671
0.030613	0.8631	0.281
0.030996	0.8643	0.295
0.031388	0.8727	0.3059
0.031791	0.8848	0.3097
0.032204	0.8957	0.3054
0.032627	0.9013	0.2957
0.033062	0.8995	0.2829
0.033509	0.8906	0.2723
0.033968	0.8764	0.2647
0.03444	0.8589	0.262
0.034925	0.8396	0.2644
0.035424	0.8192	0.2722
0.035937	0.8001	0.285
0.036466	0.7827	0.3028
0.03701	0.7686	0.3253
0.037571	0.7586	0.3513
0.038149	0.7545	0.3797
0.038745	0.7571	0.4088
0.03936	0.7665	0.4364
0.039995	0.7821	0.459
0.040651	0.8008	0.4746
0.041328	0.8204	0.4827
0.042029	0.837	0.4833
0.042753	0.8478	0.4783
0.043503	0.8507	0.4708
0.04428	0.8451	0.4639
0.045085	0.8328	0.4611
0.04592	0.8155	0.4648
0.046786	0.7953	0.4759
0.047686	0.7762	0.4954
0.048621	0.7597	0.5226
0.049594	0.7501	0.5546
0.050606	0.7475	0.588
0.05166	0.7496	0.6196
0.052759	0.7531	0.6474
0.053906	0.7534	0.675
0.055104	0.7503	0.7077
0.056356	0.7487	0.7487
0.057667	0.7543	0.7987
0.05904	0.7723	0.8546
0.06048	0.8062	0.9099
0.061992	0.856	0.958
0.063582	0.9179	0.9897
0.065255	0.9834	1.0001
0.067018	1.0399	0.9891
0.06888	1.0767	0.9645
0.070848	1.0903	0.9396
0.072932	1.0859	0.9264
0.075142	1.0723	0.9316
0.07749	1.0599	0.9562
0.07999	1.0563	0.9964
0.082656	1.0673	1.0465
0.085506	1.095	1.1005
0.08856	1.1402	1.1515
0.09184	1.2013	1.1933
0.095372	1.2743	1.2202
0.099187	1.3537	1.227
0.10332	1.4308	1.2109
0.107812	1.4966	1.1733
0.112713	1.5421	1.1186
0.11808	1.5614	1.0545
0.123984	1.5506	0.9906
0.13051	1.5098	0.9362
0.13776	1.4393	0.8998
0.145864	1.3408	0.892
0.15498	1.2178	0.9263
0.165312	1.0837	1.021
0.17712	0.971	1.189
0.190745	0.9247	1.4036
0.20664	0.9303	1.5942
0.225426	0.8983	1.7939
0.247968	0.8956	2.0886
0.261019	0.9341	2.2529
0.27552	1.0003	2.4118
0.291728	1.0885	2.5516
0.30996	1.1837	2.6591
0.330625	1.2576	2.7278
0.354241	1.2707	2.7709
0.38149	1.19	2.8341
0.413281	1.0164	2.9861
0.450852	0.7961	3.2843
0.495937	0.5886	3.7425
0.551041	0.4262	4.3501
0.619921	0.3114	5.1115
0.708481	0.2363	6.0649
0.826561	0.1937	7.2961
0.991874	0.1818	8.9708
1.239842	0.2092	11.4251
1.653123	0.3131	15.4435
2.479684	0.6551	23.3736

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Pd (Palladium): all datasets

Experimental data

Models and simulations

About Pd (Palladium)

Palladium (Pd) is a lustrous silvery-white metal that belongs to the platinum group metals (PGMs). It is renowned for its outstanding catalytic properties, especially in hydrogenation reactions. Due to its ability to readily absorb hydrogen, palladium serves as an essential component in hydrogen storage and purification technologies. In the electronics sector, palladium is used for plating connectors, primarily because of its excellent conductivity and resistance to oxidation. Additionally, Pd-based compounds and alloys find applications in jewelry, dentistry, and the production of certain types of fuel cells. In the optical domain, thin palladium films can serve as semi-transparent coatings, allowing for specific optical behaviors such as controlled reflectivity.

More about Pd (Palladium) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/Pd/nk/Werner.yml
ID: ds_bb2195d3501f
API: /v1/datasets/ds_bb2195d3501f

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