Optical constants

Refractive index of Pd (Palladium)

Rakić et al. 1998: Lorentz-Drude model; n,k 0.248–12.4 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.248–12.4 µm
Points: 1000
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 1.72708
Extinction coefficient k: 3.96797

Permittivity ε₁: -12.7619
Permittivity ε₂: 13.706

Absorption coefficient α: 848586 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 23.5686 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: 2.1645 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 0.455219
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# Pd (Palladium): Rakić et al. 1998: Lorentz-Drude model; n,k 0.248–12.4 µm
pd = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Pd", "Rakic-LD", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(pd.range_nm)  # (247.97, 12398) nm
eps = pd.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_d33e9799428a/lightsmith"
pd = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(pd.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (pd/rakic-1998-ld).

# ... load pd as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=pd)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Fit of experimental data from several sources to Lorentz-Drude (LD) model

References

A. D. Rakić, A. B. Djurišic, J. M. Elazar, M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998)
[Calculation script (Python)]

doi:10.1364/ao.37.005271 Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Applied Optics (1998)

Cite

Aleksandar D. Rakić, Aleksandra B. Djurišić, Jovan M. Elazar and Marian L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. Applied Optics, 37, 5271 (1998), doi:10.1364/ao.37.005271; [Calculation script (Python)]; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

1000 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

Pd (Palladium), Rakić et al. 1998: Lorentz-Drude model; n,k 0.248–12.4 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.24797	1.1452	2.0294
0.24894	1.1461	2.0314
0.24992	1.1468	2.0334
0.2509	1.1474	2.0356
0.25188	1.148	2.0379
0.25287	1.1485	2.0404
0.25386	1.1488	2.0429
0.25486	1.1492	2.0456
0.25586	1.1494	2.0484
0.25686	1.1496	2.0513
0.25787	1.1497	2.0543
0.25888	1.1497	2.0575
0.2599	1.1497	2.0608
0.26092	1.1497	2.0642
0.26194	1.1496	2.0678
0.26297	1.1494	2.0715
0.264	1.1493	2.0753
0.26504	1.1491	2.0793
0.26608	1.1488	2.0833
0.26712	1.1486	2.0875
0.26817	1.1483	2.0919
0.26922	1.148	2.0963
0.27028	1.1478	2.1009
0.27134	1.1474	2.1056
0.2724	1.1471	2.1104
0.27347	1.1468	2.1153
0.27455	1.1465	2.1204
0.27562	1.1462	2.1256
0.2767	1.1459	2.1309
0.27779	1.1456	2.1363
0.27888	1.1454	2.1418
0.27997	1.1451	2.1474
0.28107	1.1449	2.1532
0.28217	1.1447	2.159
0.28328	1.1445	2.165
0.28439	1.1443	2.171
0.28551	1.1442	2.1772
0.28663	1.1441	2.1834
0.28775	1.144	2.1898
0.28888	1.1439	2.1962
0.29002	1.1439	2.2028
0.29115	1.1439	2.2094
0.2923	1.144	2.2162
0.29344	1.1441	2.223
0.2946	1.1442	2.2299
0.29575	1.1444	2.2369
0.29691	1.1446	2.2439
0.29808	1.1449	2.2511
0.29925	1.1452	2.2583
0.30042	1.1455	2.2656
0.3016	1.1459	2.273
0.30278	1.1464	2.2804
0.30397	1.1468	2.2879
0.30516	1.1474	2.2955
0.30636	1.148	2.3032
0.30756	1.1486	2.3109
0.30877	1.1492	2.3187
0.30998	1.15	2.3266
0.3112	1.1507	2.3345
0.31242	1.1516	2.3424
0.31364	1.1524	2.3505
0.31487	1.1533	2.3586
0.31611	1.1543	2.3667
0.31735	1.1553	2.3749
0.3186	1.1564	2.3831
0.31985	1.1575	2.3914
0.3211	1.1587	2.3998
0.32236	1.1599	2.4082
0.32362	1.1611	2.4166
0.32489	1.1624	2.4251
0.32617	1.1638	2.4337
0.32745	1.1652	2.4422
0.32873	1.1666	2.4509
0.33002	1.1681	2.4595
0.33132	1.1697	2.4682
0.33262	1.1713	2.477
0.33392	1.1729	2.4858
0.33523	1.1746	2.4946
0.33655	1.1764	2.5034
0.33787	1.1781	2.5123
0.3392	1.18	2.5213
0.34053	1.1818	2.5302
0.34186	1.1838	2.5392
0.3432	1.1857	2.5482
0.34455	1.1877	2.5573
0.3459	1.1898	2.5664
0.34726	1.1919	2.5755
0.34862	1.194	2.5846
0.34999	1.1962	2.5938
0.35136	1.1984	2.603
0.35274	1.2007	2.6123
0.35413	1.203	2.6215
0.35552	1.2054	2.6308
0.35691	1.2078	2.6401
0.35831	1.2102	2.6494
0.35972	1.2127	2.6588
0.36113	1.2152	2.6682
0.36254	1.2177	2.6776
0.36397	1.2203	2.687
0.3654	1.223	2.6965
0.36683	1.2256	2.7059
0.36827	1.2283	2.7154
0.36971	1.2311	2.725
0.37116	1.2339	2.7345
0.37262	1.2367	2.7441
0.37408	1.2395	2.7536
0.37555	1.2424	2.7632
0.37702	1.2454	2.7729
0.3785	1.2483	2.7825
0.37999	1.2513	2.7922
0.38148	1.2543	2.8018
0.38298	1.2574	2.8115
0.38448	1.2605	2.8212
0.38599	1.2636	2.831
0.3875	1.2668	2.8407
0.38902	1.27	2.8505
0.39055	1.2732	2.8603
0.39208	1.2765	2.8701
0.39362	1.2798	2.8799
0.39516	1.2831	2.8897
0.39671	1.2864	2.8996
0.39827	1.2898	2.9094
0.39983	1.2932	2.9193
0.4014	1.2967	2.9292
0.40298	1.3001	2.9391
0.40456	1.3036	2.9491
0.40614	1.3072	2.959
0.40774	1.3107	2.969
0.40934	1.3143	2.979
0.41094	1.3179	2.989
0.41256	1.3215	2.999
0.41418	1.3252	3.009
0.4158	1.3289	3.019
0.41743	1.3326	3.0291
0.41907	1.3363	3.0391
0.42071	1.3401	3.0492
0.42236	1.3439	3.0593
0.42402	1.3477	3.0694
0.42569	1.3516	3.0796
0.42736	1.3554	3.0897
0.42903	1.3593	3.0999
0.43072	1.3632	3.11
0.43241	1.3672	3.1202
0.4341	1.3711	3.1304
0.43581	1.3751	3.1406
0.43752	1.3791	3.1509
0.43923	1.3831	3.1611
0.44096	1.3872	3.1714
0.44269	1.3912	3.1816
0.44442	1.3953	3.1919
0.44617	1.3994	3.2022
0.44792	1.4036	3.2126
0.44967	1.4077	3.2229
0.45144	1.4119	3.2332
0.45321	1.4161	3.2436
0.45499	1.4203	3.254
0.45677	1.4245	3.2644
0.45857	1.4288	3.2748
0.46036	1.433	3.2852
0.46217	1.4373	3.2956
0.46398	1.4416	3.3061
0.46581	1.446	3.3165
0.46763	1.4503	3.327
0.46947	1.4547	3.3375
0.47131	1.459	3.348
0.47316	1.4634	3.3586
0.47502	1.4678	3.3691
0.47688	1.4723	3.3797
0.47875	1.4767	3.3902
0.48063	1.4812	3.4008
0.48251	1.4856	3.4114
0.48441	1.4901	3.422
0.48631	1.4946	3.4327
0.48822	1.4992	3.4433
0.49013	1.5037	3.454
0.49206	1.5083	3.4647
0.49399	1.5128	3.4754
0.49592	1.5174	3.4861
0.49787	1.522	3.4968
0.49982	1.5266	3.5076
0.50178	1.5312	3.5183
0.50375	1.5359	3.5291
0.50573	1.5405	3.5399
0.50771	1.5452	3.5507
0.50971	1.5499	3.5616
0.51171	1.5546	3.5724
0.51371	1.5593	3.5833
0.51573	1.564	3.5942
0.51775	1.5687	3.6051
0.51978	1.5735	3.616
0.52182	1.5782	3.627
0.52387	1.583	3.6379
0.52593	1.5877	3.6489
0.52799	1.5925	3.6599
0.53006	1.5973	3.6709
0.53214	1.6021	3.6819
0.53423	1.607	3.693
0.53633	1.6118	3.7041
0.53843	1.6166	3.7151
0.54054	1.6215	3.7263
0.54266	1.6264	3.7374
0.54479	1.6312	3.7485
0.54693	1.6361	3.7597
0.54908	1.641	3.7709
0.55123	1.6459	3.7821
0.55339	1.6508	3.7933
0.55556	1.6557	3.8046
0.55774	1.6607	3.8158
0.55993	1.6656	3.8271
0.56213	1.6706	3.8384
0.56434	1.6755	3.8498
0.56655	1.6805	3.8611
0.56877	1.6854	3.8725
0.571	1.6904	3.8839
0.57324	1.6954	3.8953
0.57549	1.7004	3.9068
0.57775	1.7054	3.9182
0.58002	1.7104	3.9297
0.58229	1.7154	3.9412
0.58458	1.7205	3.9527
0.58687	1.7255	3.9643
0.58918	1.7305	3.9759
0.59149	1.7356	3.9875
0.59381	1.7407	3.9991
0.59614	1.7457	4.0107
0.59848	1.7508	4.0224
0.60082	1.7559	4.0341
0.60318	1.7609	4.0458
0.60555	1.766	4.0576
0.60792	1.7711	4.0694
0.61031	1.7762	4.0811
0.6127	1.7813	4.093
0.61511	1.7864	4.1048
0.61752	1.7915	4.1167
0.61995	1.7967	4.1286
0.62238	1.8018	4.1405
0.62482	1.8069	4.1525
0.62727	1.812	4.1644
0.62973	1.8172	4.1764
0.6322	1.8223	4.1885
0.63468	1.8275	4.2005
0.63717	1.8326	4.2126
0.63967	1.8378	4.2247
0.64218	1.843	4.2369
0.6447	1.8481	4.249
0.64723	1.8533	4.2612
0.64977	1.8585	4.2734
0.65232	1.8637	4.2857
0.65488	1.8688	4.298
0.65745	1.874	4.3103
0.66003	1.8792	4.3226
0.66262	1.8844	4.335
0.66522	1.8896	4.3474
0.66783	1.8948	4.3599
0.67045	1.9	4.3723
0.67308	1.9052	4.3848
0.67572	1.9104	4.3973
0.67837	1.9156	4.4099
0.68103	1.9209	4.4225
0.68371	1.9261	4.4351
0.68639	1.9313	4.4478
0.68908	1.9365	4.4605
0.69179	1.9418	4.4732
0.6945	1.947	4.4859
0.69723	1.9522	4.4987
0.69996	1.9574	4.5115
0.70271	1.9627	4.5244
0.70546	1.9679	4.5373
0.70823	1.9732	4.5502
0.71101	1.9784	4.5631
0.7138	1.9837	4.5761
0.7166	1.9889	4.5892
0.71941	1.9942	4.6022
0.72224	1.9994	4.6153
0.72507	2.0047	4.6285
0.72792	2.0099	4.6416
0.73077	2.0152	4.6548
0.73364	2.0204	4.6681
0.73652	2.0257	4.6814
0.73941	2.031	4.6947
0.74231	2.0362	4.708
0.74522	2.0415	4.7214
0.74814	2.0468	4.7349
0.75108	2.052	4.7483
0.75403	2.0573	4.7619
0.75699	2.0626	4.7754
0.75996	2.0679	4.789
0.76294	2.0731	4.8026
0.76593	2.0784	4.8163
0.76894	2.0837	4.83
0.77195	2.089	4.8438
0.77498	2.0942	4.8576
0.77802	2.0995	4.8714
0.78108	2.1048	4.8853
0.78414	2.1101	4.8992
0.78722	2.1154	4.9132
0.79031	2.1207	4.9272
0.79341	2.126	4.9412
0.79652	2.1313	4.9553
0.79964	2.1365	4.9694
0.80278	2.1418	4.9836
0.80593	2.1471	4.9978
0.80909	2.1524	5.0121
0.81227	2.1577	5.0264
0.81546	2.163	5.0408
0.81865	2.1683	5.0552
0.82187	2.1736	5.0696
0.82509	2.1789	5.0841
0.82833	2.1842	5.0987
0.83158	2.1895	5.1133
0.83484	2.1949	5.1279
0.83812	2.2002	5.1426
0.84141	2.2055	5.1573
0.84471	2.2108	5.1721
0.84802	2.2161	5.1869
0.85135	2.2214	5.2018
0.85469	2.2267	5.2167
0.85804	2.2321	5.2317
0.86141	2.2374	5.2468
0.86479	2.2427	5.2618
0.86818	2.248	5.277
0.87159	2.2534	5.2921
0.87501	2.2587	5.3074
0.87844	2.264	5.3227
0.88189	2.2694	5.338
0.88535	2.2747	5.3534
0.88882	2.2801	5.3688
0.89231	2.2854	5.3843
0.89581	2.2907	5.3999
0.89933	2.2961	5.4155
0.90285	2.3014	5.4311
0.9064	2.3068	5.4468
0.90995	2.3122	5.4626
0.91352	2.3175	5.4784
0.91711	2.3229	5.4943
0.92071	2.3283	5.5102
0.92432	2.3336	5.5262
0.92795	2.339	5.5422
0.93159	2.3444	5.5583
0.93524	2.3498	5.5745
0.93891	2.3552	5.5907
0.94259	2.3606	5.607
0.94629	2.366	5.6233
0.95001	2.3714	5.6397
0.95373	2.3768	5.6562
0.95748	2.3822	5.6727
0.96123	2.3876	5.6892
0.965	2.393	5.7059
0.96879	2.3984	5.7226
0.97259	2.4039	5.7393
0.97641	2.4093	5.7561
0.98024	2.4148	5.773
0.98408	2.4202	5.7899
0.98795	2.4257	5.8069
0.99182	2.4311	5.824
0.99571	2.4366	5.8411
0.99962	2.4421	5.8583
1.0035	2.4476	5.8755
1.0075	2.4531	5.8928
1.0114	2.4586	5.9102
1.0154	2.4641	5.9276
1.0194	2.4696	5.9451
1.0234	2.4751	5.9627
1.0274	2.4806	5.9803
1.0314	2.4862	5.998
1.0355	2.4917	6.0158
1.0395	2.4973	6.0336
1.0436	2.5028	6.0515
1.0477	2.5084	6.0694
1.0518	2.514	6.0875
1.056	2.5196	6.1056
1.0601	2.5252	6.1237
1.0643	2.5308	6.142
1.0684	2.5365	6.1603
1.0726	2.5421	6.1786
1.0768	2.5477	6.1971
1.0811	2.5534	6.2156
1.0853	2.5591	6.2341
1.0896	2.5648	6.2528
1.0938	2.5705	6.2715
1.0981	2.5762	6.2903
1.1024	2.5819	6.3091
1.1068	2.5876	6.328
1.1111	2.5934	6.347
1.1155	2.5992	6.3661
1.1198	2.6049	6.3852
1.1242	2.6107	6.4044
1.1286	2.6165	6.4237
1.1331	2.6224	6.4431
1.1375	2.6282	6.4625
1.142	2.6341	6.482
1.1465	2.6399	6.5015
1.151	2.6458	6.5212
1.1555	2.6517	6.5409
1.16	2.6577	6.5607
1.1646	2.6636	6.5805
1.1691	2.6696	6.6005
1.1737	2.6756	6.6205
1.1783	2.6816	6.6405
1.1829	2.6876	6.6607
1.1876	2.6936	6.6809
1.1922	2.6997	6.7012
1.1969	2.7057	6.7216
1.2016	2.7118	6.742
1.2063	2.718	6.7626
1.2111	2.7241	6.7832
1.2158	2.7303	6.8038
1.2206	2.7365	6.8246
1.2254	2.7427	6.8454
1.2302	2.7489	6.8663
1.235	2.7551	6.8873
1.2399	2.7614	6.9083
1.2447	2.7677	6.9294
1.2496	2.7741	6.9506
1.2545	2.7804	6.9719
1.2594	2.7868	6.9933
1.2644	2.7932	7.0147
1.2693	2.7996	7.0362
1.2743	2.8061	7.0578
1.2793	2.8126	7.0794
1.2843	2.8191	7.1011
1.2894	2.8256	7.1229
1.2944	2.8322	7.1448
1.2995	2.8388	7.1668
1.3046	2.8454	7.1888
1.3097	2.8521	7.2109
1.3149	2.8588	7.2331
1.32	2.8655	7.2553
1.3252	2.8722	7.2777
1.3304	2.879	7.3001
1.3356	2.8858	7.3225
1.3409	2.8927	7.3451
1.3461	2.8995	7.3677
1.3514	2.9065	7.3904
1.3567	2.9134	7.4132
1.362	2.9204	7.436
1.3674	2.9274	7.459
1.3727	2.9344	7.4819
1.3781	2.9415	7.505
1.3835	2.9486	7.5281
1.389	2.9558	7.5514
1.3944	2.963	7.5746
1.3999	2.9702	7.598
1.4054	2.9775	7.6214
1.4109	2.9848	7.6449
1.4164	2.9921	7.6685
1.422	2.9995	7.6921
1.4276	3.0069	7.7158
1.4332	3.0144	7.7396
1.4388	3.0219	7.7635
1.4444	3.0294	7.7874
1.4501	3.037	7.8114
1.4558	3.0446	7.8354
1.4615	3.0522	7.8595
1.4672	3.0599	7.8837
1.473	3.0677	7.908
1.4788	3.0754	7.9323
1.4846	3.0832	7.9567
1.4904	3.0911	7.9811
1.4962	3.099	8.0056
1.5021	3.107	8.0302
1.508	3.1149	8.0549
1.5139	3.123	8.0796
1.5199	3.131	8.1043
1.5258	3.1392	8.1292
1.5318	3.1473	8.154
1.5378	3.1555	8.179
1.5439	3.1638	8.204
1.5499	3.172	8.2291
1.556	3.1804	8.2542
1.5621	3.1888	8.2794
1.5682	3.1972	8.3046
1.5744	3.2056	8.3299
1.5806	3.2141	8.3552
1.5868	3.2227	8.3806
1.593	3.2313	8.4061
1.5992	3.2399	8.4316
1.6055	3.2486	8.4572
1.6118	3.2573	8.4828
1.6181	3.2661	8.5084
1.6245	3.2749	8.5341
1.6309	3.2838	8.5599
1.6373	3.2927	8.5857
1.6437	3.3016	8.6115
1.6501	3.3106	8.6374
1.6566	3.3196	8.6634
1.6631	3.3287	8.6894
1.6696	3.3378	8.7154
1.6762	3.3469	8.7414
1.6828	3.3561	8.7675
1.6894	3.3653	8.7937
1.696	3.3746	8.8199
1.7027	3.3839	8.8461
1.7093	3.3932	8.8723
1.716	3.4026	8.8986
1.7228	3.412	8.925
1.7295	3.4215	8.9513
1.7363	3.431	8.9777
1.7431	3.4405	9.0041
1.75	3.4501	9.0306
1.7568	3.4597	9.0571
1.7637	3.4693	9.0836
1.7707	3.4789	9.1101
1.7776	3.4886	9.1367
1.7846	3.4983	9.1633
1.7916	3.5081	9.1899
1.7986	3.5179	9.2165
1.8057	3.5277	9.2431
1.8127	3.5375	9.2698
1.8199	3.5473	9.2965
1.827	3.5572	9.3232
1.8342	3.5671	9.35
1.8414	3.577	9.3767
1.8486	3.5869	9.4035
1.8558	3.5969	9.4302
1.8631	3.6068	9.457
1.8704	3.6168	9.4838
1.8778	3.6268	9.5106
1.8851	3.6368	9.5375
1.8925	3.6468	9.5643
1.9	3.6568	9.5911
1.9074	3.6668	9.618
1.9149	3.6768	9.6448
1.9224	3.6869	9.6717
1.93	3.6969	9.6986
1.9375	3.7069	9.7254
1.9451	3.7169	9.7523
1.9528	3.7269	9.7792
1.9604	3.7369	9.8061
1.9681	3.7469	9.833
1.9758	3.7569	9.8599
1.9836	3.7669	9.8868
1.9914	3.7768	9.9137
1.9992	3.7867	9.9406
2.007	3.7966	9.9675
2.0149	3.8065	9.9944
2.0228	3.8163	10.021
2.0307	3.8261	10.048
2.0387	3.8359	10.075
2.0467	3.8457	10.102
2.0547	3.8554	10.129
2.0628	3.865	10.156
2.0709	3.8747	10.183
2.079	3.8842	10.21
2.0872	3.8937	10.236
2.0954	3.9032	10.263
2.1036	3.9126	10.29
2.1119	3.922	10.317
2.1201	3.9313	10.344
2.1285	3.9405	10.371
2.1368	3.9497	10.398
2.1452	3.9588	10.425
2.1536	3.9678	10.452
2.1621	3.9767	10.479
2.1705	3.9856	10.505
2.1791	3.9944	10.532
2.1876	4.0031	10.559
2.1962	4.0117	10.586
2.2048	4.0202	10.613
2.2135	4.0286	10.64
2.2221	4.0369	10.667
2.2309	4.0451	10.694
2.2396	4.0532	10.721
2.2484	4.0612	10.748
2.2572	4.0691	10.775
2.2661	4.0769	10.802
2.275	4.0846	10.83
2.2839	4.0921	10.857
2.2929	4.0995	10.884
2.3019	4.1068	10.911
2.3109	4.114	10.938
2.32	4.121	10.966
2.3291	4.1279	10.993
2.3382	4.1346	11.02
2.3474	4.1412	11.048
2.3566	4.1477	11.075
2.3658	4.154	11.103
2.3751	4.1602	11.13
2.3844	4.1662	11.158
2.3938	4.172	11.186
2.4032	4.1777	11.213
2.4126	4.1833	11.241
2.4221	4.1887	11.269
2.4316	4.1939	11.297
2.4411	4.1989	11.325
2.4507	4.2038	11.353
2.4603	4.2085	11.381
2.47	4.213	11.41
2.4797	4.2174	11.438
2.4894	4.2215	11.466
2.4991	4.2255	11.495
2.509	4.2293	11.524
2.5188	4.233	11.552
2.5287	4.2364	11.581
2.5386	4.2396	11.61
2.5486	4.2427	11.64
2.5586	4.2456	11.669
2.5686	4.2483	11.698
2.5787	4.2507	11.728
2.5888	4.253	11.757
2.599	4.2551	11.787
2.6092	4.2571	11.817
2.6194	4.2588	11.847
2.6297	4.2603	11.878
2.64	4.2616	11.908
2.6503	4.2627	11.939
2.6607	4.2636	11.969
2.6712	4.2644	12.0
2.6817	4.2649	12.032
2.6922	4.2652	12.063
2.7027	4.2653	12.094
2.7134	4.2653	12.126
2.724	4.265	12.158
2.7347	4.2645	12.19
2.7454	4.2639	12.223
2.7562	4.263	12.255
2.767	4.2619	12.288
2.7779	4.2607	12.321
2.7888	4.2593	12.354
2.7997	4.2576	12.388
2.8107	4.2558	12.421
2.8217	4.2538	12.455
2.8328	4.2516	12.489
2.8439	4.2492	12.524
2.8551	4.2466	12.558
2.8663	4.2438	12.593
2.8775	4.2409	12.629
2.8888	4.2377	12.664
2.9001	4.2344	12.7
2.9115	4.2309	12.736
2.9229	4.2273	12.772
2.9344	4.2234	12.809
2.9459	4.2194	12.846
2.9575	4.2152	12.883
2.9691	4.2109	12.92
2.9807	4.2064	12.958
2.9924	4.2017	12.996
3.0042	4.1969	13.035
3.016	4.1919	13.073
3.0278	4.1868	13.112
3.0397	4.1815	13.152
3.0516	4.176	13.191
3.0636	4.1704	13.231
3.0756	4.1647	13.272
3.0877	4.1589	13.312
3.0998	4.1528	13.353
3.1119	4.1467	13.395
3.1241	4.1404	13.436
3.1364	4.134	13.478
3.1487	4.1275	13.521
3.1611	4.1209	13.564
3.1735	4.1141	13.607
3.1859	4.1072	13.65
3.1984	4.1002	13.694
3.211	4.0931	13.738
3.2236	4.0859	13.782
3.2362	4.0786	13.827
3.2489	4.0712	13.872
3.2617	4.0637	13.918
3.2744	4.0561	13.964
3.2873	4.0484	14.01
3.3002	4.0406	14.057
3.3131	4.0328	14.104
3.3261	4.0248	14.152
3.3392	4.0168	14.199
3.3523	4.0087	14.248
3.3654	4.0005	14.296
3.3787	3.9923	14.345
3.3919	3.984	14.395
3.4052	3.9756	14.444
3.4186	3.9672	14.494
3.432	3.9588	14.545
3.4455	3.9502	14.596
3.459	3.9417	14.647
3.4725	3.933	14.699
3.4862	3.9244	14.751
3.4999	3.9157	14.803
3.5136	3.9069	14.856
3.5274	3.8982	14.909
3.5412	3.8894	14.963
3.5551	3.8805	15.017
3.5691	3.8717	15.071
3.5831	3.8628	15.126
3.5971	3.8539	15.181
3.6112	3.845	15.237
3.6254	3.836	15.293
3.6396	3.8271	15.349
3.6539	3.8181	15.406
3.6682	3.8092	15.463
3.6826	3.8002	15.521
3.6971	3.7912	15.579
3.7116	3.7823	15.637
3.7262	3.7733	15.696
3.7408	3.7643	15.755
3.7554	3.7554	15.815
3.7702	3.7464	15.875
3.785	3.7375	15.935
3.7998	3.7285	15.996
3.8147	3.7196	16.057
3.8297	3.7107	16.118
3.8447	3.7018	16.18
3.8598	3.693	16.242
3.875	3.6842	16.305
3.8902	3.6753	16.368
3.9054	3.6666	16.432
3.9207	3.6578	16.496
3.9361	3.6491	16.56
3.9516	3.6404	16.624
3.9671	3.6317	16.69
3.9826	3.6231	16.755
3.9983	3.6145	16.821
4.014	3.606	16.887
4.0297	3.5975	16.954
4.0455	3.589	17.021
4.0614	3.5806	17.088
4.0773	3.5722	17.156
4.0933	3.5638	17.224
4.1094	3.5556	17.293
4.1255	3.5473	17.361
4.1417	3.5391	17.431
4.1579	3.531	17.501
4.1743	3.5229	17.571
4.1906	3.5148	17.641
4.2071	3.5068	17.712
4.2236	3.4989	17.783
4.2402	3.491	17.855
4.2568	3.4832	17.927
4.2735	3.4754	17.999
4.2903	3.4677	18.072
4.3071	3.46	18.145
4.324	3.4524	18.219
4.341	3.4449	18.293
4.358	3.4374	18.367
4.3751	3.43	18.442
4.3923	3.4227	18.517
4.4095	3.4154	18.593
4.4268	3.4081	18.669
4.4442	3.401	18.745
4.4616	3.3939	18.821
4.4791	3.3868	18.898
4.4967	3.3799	18.976
4.5143	3.373	19.054
4.532	3.3661	19.132
4.5498	3.3594	19.21
4.5677	3.3527	19.289
4.5856	3.346	19.369
4.6036	3.3395	19.448
4.6217	3.333	19.528
4.6398	3.3265	19.609
4.658	3.3202	19.69
4.6763	3.3139	19.771
4.6946	3.3077	19.853
4.713	3.3015	19.935
4.7315	3.2954	20.017
4.7501	3.2894	20.1
4.7687	3.2835	20.183
4.7874	3.2776	20.267
4.8062	3.2718	20.35
4.8251	3.2661	20.435
4.844	3.2605	20.519
4.863	3.2549	20.605
4.8821	3.2494	20.69
4.9013	3.2439	20.776
4.9205	3.2386	20.862
4.9398	3.2333	20.949
4.9592	3.2281	21.036
4.9786	3.2229	21.123
4.9982	3.2179	21.211
5.0178	3.2129	21.299
5.0375	3.2079	21.387
5.0572	3.2031	21.476
5.0771	3.1983	21.566
5.097	3.1936	21.655
5.117	3.189	21.746
5.1371	3.1844	21.836
5.1572	3.1799	21.927
5.1775	3.1755	22.018
5.1978	3.1712	22.11
5.2182	3.1669	22.202
5.2386	3.1627	22.294
5.2592	3.1586	22.387
5.2798	3.1546	22.48
5.3005	3.1506	22.574
5.3213	3.1467	22.668
5.3422	3.1429	22.762
5.3632	3.1391	22.857
5.3842	3.1354	22.952
5.4054	3.1318	23.048
5.4266	3.1283	23.144
5.4479	3.1248	23.24
5.4692	3.1215	23.337
5.4907	3.1181	23.434
5.5122	3.1149	23.532
5.5339	3.1117	23.63
5.5556	3.1086	23.728
5.5774	3.1056	23.827
5.5993	3.1027	23.926
5.6212	3.0998	24.026
5.6433	3.097	24.126
5.6654	3.0942	24.226
5.6876	3.0916	24.327
5.71	3.089	24.428
5.7324	3.0865	24.53
5.7549	3.084	24.632
5.7774	3.0816	24.734
5.8001	3.0793	24.837
5.8229	3.0771	24.941
5.8457	3.075	25.044
5.8686	3.0729	25.148
5.8917	3.0709	25.253
5.9148	3.0689	25.358
5.938	3.0671	25.463
5.9613	3.0653	25.569
5.9847	3.0635	25.675
6.0082	3.0619	25.782
6.0317	3.0603	25.889
6.0554	3.0588	25.996
6.0792	3.0573	26.104
6.103	3.056	26.213
6.127	3.0547	26.322
6.151	3.0534	26.431
6.1751	3.0523	26.54
6.1994	3.0512	26.65
6.2237	3.0502	26.761
6.2481	3.0492	26.872
6.2726	3.0483	26.983
6.2972	3.0475	27.095
6.3219	3.0468	27.207
6.3468	3.0461	27.32
6.3717	3.0456	27.433
6.3967	3.045	27.547
6.4218	3.0446	27.661
6.4469	3.0442	27.775
6.4722	3.0439	27.89
6.4976	3.0437	28.005
6.5231	3.0435	28.121
6.5487	3.0434	28.237
6.5744	3.0434	28.354
6.6002	3.0434	28.471
6.6261	3.0435	28.589
6.6521	3.0437	28.707
6.6782	3.044	28.825
6.7044	3.0443	28.944
6.7307	3.0447	29.064
6.7571	3.0452	29.184
6.7836	3.0457	29.304
6.8103	3.0463	29.425
6.837	3.047	29.546
6.8638	3.0477	29.668
6.8907	3.0486	29.79
6.9178	3.0495	29.913
6.9449	3.0504	30.036
6.9722	3.0514	30.16
6.9995	3.0526	30.284
7.027	3.0537	30.409
7.0546	3.055	30.534
7.0822	3.0563	30.659
7.11	3.0577	30.785
7.1379	3.0591	30.912
7.1659	3.0607	31.039
7.194	3.0623	31.167
7.2223	3.0639	31.295
7.2506	3.0657	31.423
7.2791	3.0675	31.552
7.3076	3.0694	31.682
7.3363	3.0714	31.812
7.3651	3.0734	31.942
7.394	3.0755	32.073
7.423	3.0777	32.205
7.4521	3.0799	32.337
7.4813	3.0822	32.469
7.5107	3.0846	32.602
7.5402	3.0871	32.736
7.5698	3.0896	32.87
7.5995	3.0923	33.004
7.6293	3.0949	33.139
7.6592	3.0977	33.275
7.6893	3.1005	33.411
7.7194	3.1034	33.548
7.7497	3.1064	33.685
7.7801	3.1095	33.823
7.8106	3.1126	33.961
7.8413	3.1158	34.1
7.8721	3.1191	34.239
7.9029	3.1224	34.379
7.934	3.1259	34.519
7.9651	3.1294	34.66
7.9963	3.1329	34.801
8.0277	3.1366	34.943
8.0592	3.1403	35.086
8.0908	3.1441	35.229
8.1226	3.148	35.372
8.1544	3.1519	35.517
8.1864	3.156	35.661
8.2186	3.1601	35.806
8.2508	3.1643	35.952
8.2832	3.1685	36.099
8.3157	3.1729	36.246
8.3483	3.1773	36.393
8.3811	3.1818	36.541
8.4139	3.1864	36.69
8.447	3.191	36.839
8.4801	3.1957	36.989
8.5134	3.2006	37.139
8.5468	3.2054	37.29
8.5803	3.2104	37.441
8.614	3.2155	37.593
8.6478	3.2206	37.746
8.6817	3.2258	37.899
8.7158	3.2311	38.053
8.75	3.2365	38.207
8.7843	3.2419	38.362
8.8188	3.2475	38.518
8.8534	3.2531	38.674
8.8881	3.2588	38.831
8.923	3.2646	38.988
8.958	3.2704	39.146
8.9931	3.2764	39.305
9.0284	3.2824	39.464
9.0638	3.2885	39.624
9.0994	3.2947	39.784
9.1351	3.301	39.945
9.171	3.3074	40.107
9.2069	3.3138	40.269
9.2431	3.3204	40.432
9.2793	3.327	40.595
9.3157	3.3337	40.759
9.3523	3.3405	40.924
9.389	3.3474	41.09
9.4258	3.3544	41.256
9.4628	3.3615	41.422
9.4999	3.3686	41.589
9.5372	3.3759	41.757
9.5746	3.3832	41.926
9.6122	3.3907	42.095
9.6499	3.3982	42.265
9.6878	3.4058	42.435
9.7258	3.4135	42.607
9.7639	3.4213	42.778
9.8023	3.4292	42.951
9.8407	3.4372	43.124
9.8793	3.4452	43.298
9.9181	3.4534	43.472
9.957	3.4617	43.647
9.9961	3.47	43.823
10.035	3.4785	43.999
10.075	3.487	44.177
10.114	3.4957	44.354
10.154	3.5044	44.533
10.194	3.5133	44.712
10.234	3.5222	44.892
10.274	3.5313	45.072
10.314	3.5404	45.254
10.355	3.5497	45.436
10.395	3.559	45.618
10.436	3.5684	45.801
10.477	3.578	45.985
10.518	3.5876	46.17
10.559	3.5974	46.356
10.601	3.6072	46.542
10.642	3.6172	46.729
10.684	3.6273	46.916
10.726	3.6374	47.104
10.768	3.6477	47.293
10.81	3.6581	47.483
10.853	3.6686	47.674
10.895	3.6792	47.865
10.938	3.6899	48.057
10.981	3.7007	48.249
11.024	3.7116	48.443
11.067	3.7227	48.637
11.111	3.7338	48.832
11.154	3.7451	49.027
11.198	3.7565	49.224
11.242	3.768	49.421
11.286	3.7796	49.619
11.331	3.7913	49.817
11.375	3.8031	50.017
11.42	3.8151	50.217
11.464	3.8272	50.418
11.509	3.8393	50.62
11.555	3.8517	50.822
11.6	3.8641	51.025
11.645	3.8766	51.229
11.691	3.8893	51.434
11.737	3.9021	51.64
11.783	3.915	51.846
11.829	3.928	52.053
11.876	3.9412	52.261
11.922	3.9545	52.47
11.969	3.9679	52.679
12.016	3.9815	52.89
12.063	3.9951	53.101
12.111	4.0089	53.313
12.158	4.0229	53.526
12.206	4.0369	53.739
12.254	4.0511	53.954
12.302	4.0654	54.169
12.35	4.0799	54.385
12.398	4.0945	54.602

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

Pd (Palladium): all datasets

Experimental data

Models and simulations

About Pd (Palladium)

Palladium (Pd) is a lustrous silvery-white metal that belongs to the platinum group metals (PGMs). It is renowned for its outstanding catalytic properties, especially in hydrogenation reactions. Due to its ability to readily absorb hydrogen, palladium serves as an essential component in hydrogen storage and purification technologies. In the electronics sector, palladium is used for plating connectors, primarily because of its excellent conductivity and resistance to oxidation. Additionally, Pd-based compounds and alloys find applications in jewelry, dentistry, and the production of certain types of fuel cells. In the optical domain, thin palladium films can serve as semi-transparent coatings, allowing for specific optical behaviors such as controlled reflectivity.

More about Pd (Palladium) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/Pd/nk/Rakic-LD.yml
ID: ds_d33e9799428a
API: /v1/datasets/ds_d33e9799428a

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