Optical constants

Refractive index of Pd (Palladium)

Rakić et al. 1998: Brendel-Bormann model; n,k 0.248–12.4 µm

Data
tabulated nk
Range
0.248–12.4 µm
Points
200
Licence
CC0-1.0

Plot

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Range 0.248–12.4 µm
Refractive index n
1.72289
Extinction coefficient k
3.97541
Permittivity ε1
-12.8355
Permittivity ε2
13.6984
Absorption coefficient α
850178 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk)
23.5245 nm
Abbe number Vd
—
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ
2.22319 µm⁻¹
Group index ng
0.416541
Group velocity dispersion
— fs²/mm
Dispersion parameter D
— ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy
2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, ng = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith
import lightsmith as ls

# Pd (Palladium): Rakić et al. 1998: Brendel-Bormann model; n,k 0.248–12.4 µm
pd = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "Pd", "Rakic-BB", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(pd.range_nm)  # (247.97, 12398) nm
eps = pd.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Fit of experimental data from several sources to Brendel-Bormann (BB) model

References

A. D. Rakić, A. B. Djurišic, J. M. Elazar,M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998)
[Calculation script (Python)]
  • doi:10.1364/ao.37.005271 Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Applied Optics (1998)

Cite

Aleksandar D. Rakić, Aleksandra B. Djurišić, Jovan M. Elazar and Marian L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. Applied Optics, 37, 5271 (1998), doi:10.1364/ao.37.005271; [Calculation script (Python)]; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

200 rows as published
Pd (Palladium), Rakić et al. 1998: Brendel-Bormann model; n,k 0.248–12.4 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)nk
0.247971.15672.0317
0.252891.15812.043
0.257911.15792.0572
0.263031.15662.0743
0.268251.15442.0944
0.273581.15192.1175
0.279011.14932.1434
0.284551.1472.1721
0.29021.14522.2035
0.295961.14432.2373
0.301841.14432.2733
0.307831.14542.3114
0.313941.14792.3513
0.320171.15162.3929
0.326531.15672.4358
0.333011.16322.48
0.339621.17112.5253
0.346371.18022.5715
0.353241.19072.6185
0.360251.20242.6661
0.367411.21532.7144
0.37471.22932.7631
0.382141.24432.8123
0.389731.26022.8618
0.397461.27712.9117
0.405351.29482.962
0.41341.31323.0125
0.421611.33243.0633
0.429981.35223.1145
0.438521.37263.1659
0.447221.39353.2176
0.45611.41493.2696
0.465151.43683.3219
0.474391.45923.3746
0.483811.48193.4276
0.493411.5053.481
0.503211.52853.5348
0.51321.55223.5891
0.523391.57633.6437
0.533781.60063.6988
0.544371.62523.7544
0.555181.653.8105
0.56621.67513.8671
0.577441.70033.9243
0.588911.72583.982
0.60061.75144.0404
0.612521.77724.0993
0.624681.80324.1589
0.637091.82924.2192
0.649731.85554.2802
0.662631.88184.3419
0.675791.90834.4044
0.68921.93484.4676
0.702891.96154.5316
0.716841.98824.5965
0.731072.0154.6623
0.745592.04184.7289
0.760392.06874.7965
0.775492.09574.8651
0.790882.12274.9347
0.806582.14985.0053
0.82262.17685.077
0.838932.2045.1498
0.855582.23115.2238
0.872572.25835.299
0.889892.28555.3755
0.907562.31285.4532
0.925572.34015.5323
0.943952.36755.6127
0.962692.3955.6946
0.98182.42255.778
1.00132.45025.8628
1.02122.4785.9492
1.04142.50596.0373
1.06212.5346.1269
1.08322.56226.2183
1.10472.59086.3114
1.12662.61956.4063
1.1492.64866.503
1.17182.6786.6015
1.19512.70786.7019
1.21882.7386.8042
1.2432.76876.9084
1.26772.87.0146
1.29292.83187.1228
1.31852.86437.233
1.34472.89757.3451
1.37142.93147.4592
1.39862.96627.5752
1.42643.00197.6932
1.45473.03867.813
1.48363.07627.9348
1.5133.1158.0582
1.54313.15488.1835
1.57373.19588.3103
1.6053.2388.4387
1.63683.28148.5684
1.66933.3268.6995
1.70253.37188.8317
1.73633.41878.9649
1.77073.46679.0989
1.80593.51579.2337
1.84173.56559.3689
1.87833.6169.5044
1.91563.6679.6401
1.95363.71829.7759
1.99243.76939.9115
2.03193.820110.047
2.07233.870110.182
2.11343.91910.317
2.15543.966310.452
2.19824.011510.587
2.24184.054410.721
2.28634.094310.856
2.33174.130810.992
2.3784.163611.128
2.42524.192311.266
2.47344.216411.406
2.52254.235911.548
2.57254.250311.694
2.62364.259711.843
2.67574.26411.996
2.72884.263112.154
2.7834.257112.317
2.83834.246312.487
2.89464.230912.664
2.95214.21112.847
3.01074.187113.039
3.07044.159613.238
3.13144.128713.446
3.19364.09513.663
3.2574.058713.889
3.32164.020414.124
3.38763.980514.369
3.45483.939314.623
3.52343.897214.887
3.59343.854515.161
3.66473.811515.444
3.73753.768615.737
3.81173.72616.04
3.88733.683916.352
3.96453.642516.674
4.04323.60217.006
4.12353.562617.347
4.20533.524317.698
4.28883.487318.058
4.3743.451718.428
4.46083.417518.807
4.54943.384819.196
4.63973.353719.594
4.73183.324220.002
4.82573.296220.419
4.92163.269920.846
5.01933.245221.282
5.11893.222221.728
5.22053.200922.184
5.32423.181322.65
5.42993.163323.126
5.53773.14723.612
5.64763.132424.108
5.75973.119524.615
5.87413.108325.132
5.99073.098725.66
6.10963.090926.198
6.23093.084826.748
6.35463.080427.308
6.48083.077827.88
6.60943.076928.463
6.74073.077829.058
6.87453.080429.665
7.0113.084930.284
7.15023.091130.916
7.29213.099331.559
7.43693.109332.216
7.58453.121232.885
7.73513.135133.568
7.88873.15134.264
8.04533.168934.974
8.2053.188935.697
8.36793.21136.435
8.5343.235337.187
8.70343.261837.955
8.87623.290638.737
9.05243.321739.534
9.23223.355340.347
9.41543.391441.176
9.60243.4342.02
9.7933.471242.882
9.98743.515143.76
10.1863.561944.655
10.3883.611545.568
10.5943.664146.498
10.8043.719847.447
11.0193.778648.414
11.2383.840849.4
11.4613.906350.404
11.6883.975451.429
11.924.04852.473
12.1574.124553.537
12.3984.204854.622

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence
Method
Transmittance T
—
Reflectance R
—

Fresnel reflection calculator

Direction
Rp
—
Rs
—
R = (Rp+Rs)/2
—
Phase φp
—
Phase φs
—
Brewster angle θB
—
Critical angle θC
—