Optical constants

Refractive index of W (Tungsten)

Rakić et al. 1998: Lorentz-Drude model; n,k 0.248–12.4 µm

Data: tabulated nk
Range: 0.248–12.4 µm
Points: 1000
Licence: CC0-1.0

Axis Log x Log y

Click the plot to set the calculator wavelength.

At one wavelength

Refractive index n: 3.55015
Extinction coefficient k: 2.8447

Permittivity ε₁: 4.5113
Permittivity ε₂: 20.1982

Absorption coefficient α: 608365 cm⁻¹
Penetration depth δ = λ/(2πk): 32.875 nm

Abbe number V_d: —
Chromatic dispersion dn/dλ: 2.81385 µm⁻¹

Group index n_g: 1.89673
Group velocity dispersion: — fs²/mm

Dispersion parameter D: — ps/(nm·km)
Photon energy: 2.11001 eV

ε = (n + ik)², α = 4πk/λ, n_g = n − λ dn/dλ, GVD = λ³/(2πc²) d²n/dλ², D = −(λ/c) d²n/dλ². Group-velocity dispersion is given for formula data only.

Use it in Lightsmith

Load this data in Python, simulate in one more line

pip install lightsmith

import lightsmith as ls

# W (Tungsten): Rakić et al. 1998: Lorentz-Drude model; n,k 0.248–12.4 µm
w = ls.fetch_refractiveindex("main", "W", "Rakic-LD", ref="c5c2f188e848453def5970e347399d653df2ffc2")
print(w.range_nm)  # (247.97, 12398) nm
eps = w.eps([633])  # complex permittivity

Downloads the original record once (pinned to the imported snapshot) and caches it.

import json, urllib.request
import lightsmith as ls

url = "https://materials.lightsmith.dev/v1/datasets/ds_1f1c5420bdd0/lightsmith"
w = ls.Tabulated.model_validate(json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url)))
print(w.source)  # citation and provenance travel with the data

Any dataset here, as the library's Tabulated material (w/rakic-1998-ld).

# ... load w as above, then:
sim = ls.Simulation(
    particles=[ls.Particle(shape=ls.Sphere(radius_nm=50), material=w)],
    medium_index=1.0,
    wavelengths=ls.WavelengthRange(start_nm=400, stop_nm=1000, num=81),
)
res = ls.solve(sim)  # exact Mie for a sphere
print(res.q_ext)     # extinction efficiency at each wavelength

Same spec runs with DDA, FDTD, BEM or T-matrix: ls.compare(sim, ["mie", "dda"]).

Materials guide Open a sphere of it in Studio Quick start Ask the community

Lightsmith is open source (MIT): Mie, T-matrix, BEM, DDA, FDTD, RCWA, TMM, mode solvers and inverse design behind one spec, on CPU or GPU. GitHub.

Comments and conditions

Fit of experimental data from several sources to Lorentz-Drude (LD) model

References

A. D. Rakić, A. B. Djurišic, J. M. Elazar, M. L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. Appl. Opt. 37, 5271-5283 (1998)
[Calculation script (Python)]

doi:10.1364/ao.37.005271 Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Applied Optics (1998)

Cite

Aleksandar D. Rakić, Aleksandra B. Djurišić, Jovan M. Elazar and Marian L. Majewski. Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices. Applied Optics, 37, 5271 (1998), doi:10.1364/ao.37.005271; [Calculation script (Python)]; Data from the refractiveindex.info database (M. N. Polyanskiy, Sci. Data 11, 94 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2)

Data

1000 rows as published

CSV comma separated TXT tab separated YAML n, k Full database record original YAML All quantities CSV JSON metadata

W (Tungsten), Rakić et al. 1998: Lorentz-Drude model; n,k 0.248–12.4 µm: n and k versus wavelength
λ (µm)	n	k
0.24797	2.7211	2.2959
0.24894	2.7224	2.2976
0.24992	2.7238	2.2995
0.2509	2.7253	2.3015
0.25188	2.7268	2.3036
0.25287	2.7284	2.3058
0.25386	2.7301	2.3081
0.25486	2.7318	2.3105
0.25586	2.7336	2.313
0.25686	2.7355	2.3156
0.25787	2.7374	2.3184
0.25888	2.7395	2.3212
0.2599	2.7416	2.324
0.26092	2.7438	2.327
0.26194	2.7461	2.3301
0.26297	2.7485	2.3332
0.264	2.751	2.3364
0.26504	2.7536	2.3397
0.26608	2.7562	2.343
0.26712	2.759	2.3464
0.26817	2.7619	2.3499
0.26922	2.7648	2.3534
0.27028	2.7679	2.357
0.27134	2.7711	2.3606
0.2724	2.7743	2.3643
0.27347	2.7777	2.368
0.27455	2.7812	2.3717
0.27562	2.7848	2.3755
0.2767	2.7884	2.3793
0.27779	2.7922	2.3831
0.27888	2.7961	2.387
0.27997	2.8001	2.3909
0.28107	2.8042	2.3947
0.28217	2.8084	2.3986
0.28328	2.8127	2.4025
0.28439	2.8171	2.4064
0.28551	2.8217	2.4103
0.28663	2.8263	2.4142
0.28775	2.831	2.4181
0.28888	2.8358	2.422
0.29002	2.8407	2.4258
0.29115	2.8457	2.4296
0.2923	2.8509	2.4334
0.29344	2.8561	2.4372
0.2946	2.8614	2.441
0.29575	2.8667	2.4447
0.29691	2.8722	2.4483
0.29808	2.8778	2.452
0.29925	2.8834	2.4556
0.30042	2.8892	2.4591
0.3016	2.895	2.4626
0.30278	2.9009	2.466
0.30397	2.9068	2.4694
0.30516	2.9129	2.4727
0.30636	2.919	2.476
0.30756	2.9252	2.4792
0.30877	2.9314	2.4823
0.30998	2.9377	2.4854
0.3112	2.9441	2.4883
0.31242	2.9505	2.4913
0.31364	2.957	2.4941
0.31487	2.9635	2.4968
0.31611	2.97	2.4995
0.31735	2.9766	2.5021
0.3186	2.9833	2.5046
0.31985	2.99	2.5071
0.3211	2.9967	2.5094
0.32236	3.0034	2.5116
0.32362	3.0102	2.5138
0.32489	3.017	2.5159
0.32617	3.0238	2.5179
0.32745	3.0306	2.5198
0.32873	3.0374	2.5216
0.33002	3.0442	2.5233
0.33132	3.0511	2.5249
0.33262	3.0579	2.5264
0.33392	3.0647	2.5279
0.33523	3.0715	2.5292
0.33655	3.0783	2.5304
0.33787	3.0851	2.5316
0.3392	3.0919	2.5327
0.34053	3.0986	2.5337
0.34186	3.1053	2.5345
0.3432	3.112	2.5353
0.34455	3.1186	2.536
0.3459	3.1252	2.5367
0.34726	3.1318	2.5372
0.34862	3.1383	2.5377
0.34999	3.1447	2.538
0.35136	3.1512	2.5383
0.35274	3.1575	2.5386
0.35413	3.1638	2.5387
0.35552	3.17	2.5388
0.35691	3.1762	2.5388
0.35831	3.1823	2.5387
0.35972	3.1883	2.5385
0.36113	3.1942	2.5383
0.36254	3.2001	2.538
0.36397	3.2059	2.5377
0.3654	3.2116	2.5373
0.36683	3.2172	2.5369
0.36827	3.2227	2.5364
0.36971	3.2281	2.5358
0.37116	3.2335	2.5353
0.37262	3.2387	2.5346
0.37408	3.2439	2.534
0.37555	3.2489	2.5332
0.37702	3.2539	2.5325
0.3785	3.2587	2.5317
0.37999	3.2635	2.5309
0.38148	3.2681	2.5301
0.38298	3.2726	2.5293
0.38448	3.2771	2.5285
0.38599	3.2814	2.5276
0.3875	3.2856	2.5267
0.38902	3.2897	2.5259
0.39055	3.2937	2.525
0.39208	3.2976	2.5241
0.39362	3.3013	2.5233
0.39516	3.305	2.5225
0.39671	3.3085	2.5216
0.39827	3.312	2.5208
0.39983	3.3153	2.52
0.4014	3.3185	2.5193
0.40298	3.3216	2.5186
0.40456	3.3246	2.5179
0.40614	3.3275	2.5172
0.40774	3.3302	2.5166
0.40934	3.3329	2.5161
0.41094	3.3354	2.5156
0.41256	3.3379	2.5151
0.41418	3.3403	2.5147
0.4158	3.3425	2.5144
0.41743	3.3447	2.5141
0.41907	3.3467	2.5139
0.42071	3.3487	2.5138
0.42236	3.3505	2.5137
0.42402	3.3523	2.5137
0.42569	3.354	2.5138
0.42736	3.3555	2.514
0.42903	3.3571	2.5143
0.43072	3.3585	2.5147
0.43241	3.3598	2.5152
0.4341	3.3611	2.5157
0.43581	3.3623	2.5164
0.43752	3.3634	2.5172
0.43923	3.3645	2.518
0.44096	3.3654	2.519
0.44269	3.3664	2.5201
0.44442	3.3673	2.5213
0.44617	3.3681	2.5226
0.44792	3.3688	2.5241
0.44967	3.3696	2.5256
0.45144	3.3703	2.5273
0.45321	3.3709	2.5291
0.45499	3.3715	2.531
0.45677	3.3721	2.5331
0.45857	3.3727	2.5353
0.46036	3.3732	2.5376
0.46217	3.3738	2.54
0.46398	3.3743	2.5426
0.46581	3.3748	2.5453
0.46763	3.3753	2.5481
0.46947	3.3758	2.5511
0.47131	3.3764	2.5542
0.47316	3.3769	2.5574
0.47502	3.3775	2.5607
0.47688	3.378	2.5642
0.47875	3.3786	2.5679
0.48063	3.3793	2.5716
0.48251	3.38	2.5755
0.48441	3.3807	2.5795
0.48631	3.3815	2.5836
0.48822	3.3823	2.5878
0.49013	3.3832	2.5922
0.49206	3.3842	2.5967
0.49399	3.3852	2.6013
0.49592	3.3863	2.606
0.49787	3.3874	2.6108
0.49982	3.3887	2.6158
0.50178	3.3901	2.6208
0.50375	3.3915	2.6259
0.50573	3.393	2.6312
0.50771	3.3947	2.6365
0.50971	3.3964	2.6419
0.51171	3.3983	2.6474
0.51371	3.4002	2.653
0.51573	3.4023	2.6586
0.51775	3.4045	2.6644
0.51978	3.4069	2.6701
0.52182	3.4093	2.676
0.52387	3.4119	2.6819
0.52593	3.4146	2.6878
0.52799	3.4175	2.6938
0.53006	3.4205	2.6998
0.53214	3.4237	2.7058
0.53423	3.427	2.7119
0.53633	3.4304	2.718
0.53843	3.434	2.724
0.54054	3.4377	2.7301
0.54266	3.4416	2.7362
0.54479	3.4456	2.7422
0.54693	3.4498	2.7482
0.54908	3.4541	2.7542
0.55123	3.4586	2.7601
0.55339	3.4632	2.766
0.55556	3.4679	2.7719
0.55774	3.4728	2.7777
0.55993	3.4779	2.7834
0.56213	3.4831	2.789
0.56434	3.4884	2.7945
0.56655	3.4938	2.8
0.56877	3.4994	2.8053
0.571	3.5051	2.8105
0.57324	3.5109	2.8156
0.57549	3.5169	2.8206
0.57775	3.5229	2.8255
0.58002	3.5291	2.8302
0.58229	3.5353	2.8347
0.58458	3.5417	2.8391
0.58687	3.5481	2.8434
0.58918	3.5546	2.8475
0.59149	3.5612	2.8514
0.59381	3.5678	2.8551
0.59614	3.5745	2.8586
0.59848	3.5812	2.862
0.60082	3.588	2.8652
0.60318	3.5948	2.8681
0.60555	3.6016	2.8709
0.60792	3.6084	2.8735
0.61031	3.6153	2.8758
0.6127	3.6221	2.878
0.61511	3.6289	2.8799
0.61752	3.6357	2.8816
0.61995	3.6424	2.8831
0.62238	3.6491	2.8844
0.62482	3.6557	2.8855
0.62727	3.6622	2.8863
0.62973	3.6687	2.887
0.6322	3.675	2.8874
0.63468	3.6813	2.8876
0.63717	3.6874	2.8876
0.63967	3.6935	2.8874
0.64218	3.6994	2.887
0.6447	3.7051	2.8863
0.64723	3.7107	2.8855
0.64977	3.7161	2.8845
0.65232	3.7213	2.8833
0.65488	3.7264	2.8819
0.65745	3.7312	2.8804
0.66003	3.7359	2.8786
0.66262	3.7403	2.8767
0.66522	3.7445	2.8747
0.66783	3.7485	2.8725
0.67045	3.7522	2.8701
0.67308	3.7557	2.8676
0.67572	3.759	2.865
0.67837	3.7619	2.8622
0.68103	3.7646	2.8594
0.68371	3.7671	2.8564
0.68639	3.7692	2.8534
0.68908	3.7711	2.8503
0.69179	3.7726	2.8471
0.6945	3.7739	2.8438
0.69723	3.7748	2.8405
0.69996	3.7755	2.8371
0.70271	3.7759	2.8337
0.70546	3.7759	2.8303
0.70823	3.7756	2.8269
0.71101	3.775	2.8235
0.7138	3.7741	2.8201
0.7166	3.7728	2.8167
0.71941	3.7713	2.8133
0.72224	3.7694	2.81
0.72507	3.7671	2.8067
0.72792	3.7646	2.8035
0.73077	3.7617	2.8004
0.73364	3.7585	2.7974
0.73652	3.755	2.7944
0.73941	3.7511	2.7916
0.74231	3.747	2.7889
0.74522	3.7425	2.7863
0.74814	3.7377	2.7839
0.75108	3.7325	2.7816
0.75403	3.7271	2.7794
0.75699	3.7214	2.7775
0.75996	3.7153	2.7757
0.76294	3.709	2.7741
0.76593	3.7023	2.7727
0.76894	3.6954	2.7715
0.77195	3.6882	2.7706
0.77498	3.6807	2.7699
0.77802	3.6729	2.7694
0.78108	3.6648	2.7691
0.78414	3.6565	2.7691
0.78722	3.6479	2.7694
0.79031	3.6391	2.7699
0.79341	3.63	2.7708
0.79652	3.6207	2.7719
0.79964	3.6111	2.7733
0.80278	3.6014	2.775
0.80593	3.5914	2.7771
0.80909	3.5812	2.7794
0.81227	3.5708	2.7821
0.81546	3.5602	2.7851
0.81865	3.5494	2.7885
0.82187	3.5385	2.7922
0.82509	3.5274	2.7963
0.82833	3.5161	2.8007
0.83158	3.5047	2.8055
0.83484	3.4931	2.8107
0.83812	3.4815	2.8163
0.84141	3.4697	2.8222
0.84471	3.4578	2.8285
0.84802	3.4458	2.8352
0.85135	3.4338	2.8424
0.85469	3.4216	2.8499
0.85804	3.4095	2.8578
0.86141	3.3972	2.8661
0.86479	3.385	2.8749
0.86818	3.3727	2.884
0.87159	3.3604	2.8936
0.87501	3.3481	2.9036
0.87844	3.3359	2.914
0.88189	3.3236	2.9248
0.88535	3.3114	2.9361
0.88882	3.2993	2.9477
0.89231	3.2873	2.9598
0.89581	3.2753	2.9723
0.89933	3.2634	2.9852
0.90285	3.2517	2.9985
0.9064	3.2401	3.0123
0.90995	3.2286	3.0264
0.91352	3.2173	3.0409
0.91711	3.2061	3.0559
0.92071	3.1952	3.0712
0.92432	3.1844	3.0869
0.92795	3.1739	3.103
0.93159	3.1636	3.1194
0.93524	3.1535	3.1363
0.93891	3.1437	3.1534
0.94259	3.1341	3.1709
0.94629	3.1248	3.1888
0.95001	3.1159	3.207
0.95373	3.1072	3.2255
0.95748	3.0988	3.2442
0.96123	3.0908	3.2633
0.965	3.0831	3.2827
0.96879	3.0758	3.3023
0.97259	3.0688	3.3221
0.97641	3.0622	3.3422
0.98024	3.056	3.3625
0.98408	3.0501	3.383
0.98795	3.0447	3.4037
0.99182	3.0396	3.4246
0.99571	3.035	3.4456
0.99962	3.0308	3.4667
1.0035	3.027	3.488
1.0075	3.0237	3.5093
1.0114	3.0207	3.5308
1.0154	3.0182	3.5523
1.0194	3.0162	3.5738
1.0234	3.0145	3.5953
1.0274	3.0133	3.6169
1.0314	3.0126	3.6384
1.0355	3.0123	3.6599
1.0395	3.0124	3.6813
1.0436	3.0129	3.7026
1.0477	3.0139	3.7238
1.0518	3.0153	3.7449
1.056	3.0171	3.7659
1.0601	3.0193	3.7867
1.0643	3.0219	3.8072
1.0684	3.025	3.8276
1.0726	3.0283	3.8478
1.0768	3.0321	3.8677
1.0811	3.0362	3.8873
1.0853	3.0407	3.9066
1.0896	3.0455	3.9257
1.0938	3.0506	3.9444
1.0981	3.056	3.9627
1.1024	3.0617	3.9807
1.1068	3.0676	3.9983
1.1111	3.0738	4.0155
1.1155	3.0802	4.0323
1.1198	3.0869	4.0487
1.1242	3.0937	4.0646
1.1286	3.1006	4.0801
1.1331	3.1077	4.0951
1.1375	3.1149	4.1096
1.142	3.1222	4.1236
1.1465	3.1296	4.1372
1.151	3.1369	4.1502
1.1555	3.1443	4.1627
1.16	3.1516	4.1747
1.1646	3.1589	4.1862
1.1691	3.1661	4.1971
1.1737	3.1732	4.2076
1.1783	3.1802	4.2175
1.1829	3.1869	4.2268
1.1876	3.1935	4.2357
1.1922	3.1998	4.2441
1.1969	3.2059	4.2519
1.2016	3.2116	4.2593
1.2063	3.2171	4.2661
1.2111	3.2222	4.2725
1.2158	3.2269	4.2785
1.2206	3.2311	4.2839
1.2254	3.235	4.289
1.2302	3.2384	4.2937
1.235	3.2413	4.2979
1.2399	3.2436	4.3018
1.2447	3.2455	4.3053
1.2496	3.2467	4.3085
1.2545	3.2474	4.3114
1.2594	3.2475	4.3141
1.2644	3.2469	4.3164
1.2693	3.2457	4.3186
1.2743	3.2438	4.3206
1.2793	3.2413	4.3224
1.2843	3.238	4.3241
1.2894	3.2341	4.3257
1.2944	3.2295	4.3272
1.2995	3.2241	4.3286
1.3046	3.218	4.3301
1.3097	3.2111	4.3316
1.3149	3.2036	4.3332
1.32	3.1953	4.3349
1.3252	3.1862	4.3366
1.3304	3.1764	4.3386
1.3356	3.1659	4.3407
1.3409	3.1546	4.3431
1.3461	3.1426	4.3457
1.3514	3.1299	4.3487
1.3567	3.1165	4.3519
1.362	3.1024	4.3555
1.3674	3.0876	4.3595
1.3727	3.0721	4.3639
1.3781	3.056	4.3687
1.3835	3.0392	4.374
1.389	3.0217	4.3798
1.3944	3.0037	4.3861
1.3999	2.9851	4.393
1.4054	2.9659	4.4004
1.4109	2.9462	4.4085
1.4164	2.9259	4.4171
1.422	2.9052	4.4264
1.4276	2.8839	4.4363
1.4332	2.8622	4.4469
1.4388	2.8401	4.4582
1.4444	2.8176	4.4702
1.4501	2.7946	4.4829
1.4558	2.7714	4.4963
1.4615	2.7478	4.5104
1.4672	2.7239	4.5254
1.473	2.6998	4.541
1.4788	2.6754	4.5575
1.4846	2.6508	4.5747
1.4904	2.626	4.5926
1.4962	2.601	4.6114
1.5021	2.5759	4.6309
1.508	2.5507	4.6512
1.5139	2.5255	4.6723
1.5199	2.5002	4.6941
1.5258	2.4748	4.7167
1.5318	2.4495	4.7401
1.5378	2.4242	4.7642
1.5439	2.3989	4.7891
1.5499	2.3737	4.8147
1.556	2.3486	4.8411
1.5621	2.3237	4.8681
1.5682	2.2988	4.8959
1.5744	2.2741	4.9244
1.5806	2.2496	4.9536
1.5868	2.2253	4.9834
1.593	2.2012	5.0139
1.5992	2.1773	5.045
1.6055	2.1536	5.0768
1.6118	2.1303	5.1092
1.6181	2.1071	5.1421
1.6245	2.0843	5.1757
1.6309	2.0617	5.2098
1.6373	2.0395	5.2445
1.6437	2.0175	5.2797
1.6501	1.9959	5.3154
1.6566	1.9746	5.3517
1.6631	1.9536	5.3884
1.6696	1.933	5.4256
1.6762	1.9127	5.4633
1.6828	1.8927	5.5014
1.6894	1.8731	5.5399
1.696	1.8539	5.5788
1.7027	1.835	5.6182
1.7093	1.8164	5.6579
1.716	1.7982	5.698
1.7228	1.7804	5.7384
1.7295	1.7629	5.7792
1.7363	1.7458	5.8204
1.7431	1.729	5.8618
1.75	1.7126	5.9036
1.7568	1.6965	5.9457
1.7637	1.6808	5.988
1.7707	1.6654	6.0306
1.7776	1.6503	6.0735
1.7846	1.6356	6.1167
1.7916	1.6213	6.1601
1.7986	1.6072	6.2037
1.8057	1.5935	6.2476
1.8127	1.5801	6.2917
1.8199	1.567	6.336
1.827	1.5543	6.3806
1.8342	1.5419	6.4253
1.8414	1.5297	6.4702
1.8486	1.5179	6.5153
1.8558	1.5064	6.5606
1.8631	1.4951	6.6061
1.8704	1.4842	6.6517
1.8778	1.4736	6.6975
1.8851	1.4632	6.7435
1.8925	1.4531	6.7896
1.9	1.4433	6.8359
1.9074	1.4337	6.8824
1.9149	1.4244	6.9289
1.9224	1.4154	6.9757
1.93	1.4066	7.0225
1.9375	1.3981	7.0695
1.9451	1.3898	7.1166
1.9528	1.3818	7.1639
1.9604	1.374	7.2113
1.9681	1.3665	7.2588
1.9758	1.3591	7.3064
1.9836	1.352	7.3542
1.9914	1.3452	7.4021
1.9992	1.3385	7.45
2.007	1.3321	7.4981
2.0149	1.3259	7.5464
2.0228	1.3199	7.5947
2.0307	1.3141	7.6431
2.0387	1.3085	7.6917
2.0467	1.3031	7.7404
2.0547	1.2978	7.7891
2.0628	1.2928	7.838
2.0709	1.288	7.887
2.079	1.2834	7.9361
2.0872	1.2789	7.9853
2.0954	1.2746	8.0346
2.1036	1.2705	8.084
2.1119	1.2666	8.1335
2.1201	1.2629	8.1832
2.1285	1.2593	8.2329
2.1368	1.2559	8.2827
2.1452	1.2526	8.3327
2.1536	1.2496	8.3827
2.1621	1.2466	8.4329
2.1705	1.2439	8.4831
2.1791	1.2413	8.5335
2.1876	1.2388	8.5839
2.1962	1.2365	8.6345
2.2048	1.2343	8.6852
2.2135	1.2323	8.7359
2.2221	1.2305	8.7868
2.2309	1.2287	8.8378
2.2396	1.2272	8.8889
2.2484	1.2257	8.9401
2.2572	1.2244	8.9914
2.2661	1.2233	9.0428
2.275	1.2222	9.0944
2.2839	1.2213	9.146
2.2929	1.2206	9.1977
2.3019	1.2199	9.2496
2.3109	1.2194	9.3016
2.32	1.219	9.3537
2.3291	1.2188	9.4059
2.3382	1.2186	9.4582
2.3474	1.2186	9.5106
2.3566	1.2187	9.5631
2.3658	1.2189	9.6158
2.3751	1.2193	9.6686
2.3844	1.2197	9.7214
2.3938	1.2203	9.7744
2.4032	1.221	9.8276
2.4126	1.2218	9.8808
2.4221	1.2227	9.9342
2.4316	1.2238	9.9877
2.4411	1.2249	10.041
2.4507	1.2262	10.095
2.4603	1.2275	10.149
2.47	1.229	10.203
2.4797	1.2306	10.257
2.4894	1.2323	10.311
2.4991	1.2341	10.366
2.509	1.236	10.42
2.5188	1.238	10.475
2.5287	1.2401	10.529
2.5386	1.2423	10.584
2.5486	1.2446	10.639
2.5586	1.247	10.694
2.5686	1.2495	10.75
2.5787	1.2522	10.805
2.5888	1.2549	10.861
2.599	1.2577	10.916
2.6092	1.2606	10.972
2.6194	1.2636	11.028
2.6297	1.2667	11.084
2.64	1.27	11.14
2.6503	1.2733	11.197
2.6607	1.2767	11.253
2.6712	1.2802	11.31
2.6817	1.2838	11.367
2.6922	1.2875	11.424
2.7027	1.2912	11.481
2.7134	1.2951	11.538
2.724	1.2991	11.595
2.7347	1.3032	11.653
2.7454	1.3073	11.711
2.7562	1.3116	11.768
2.767	1.316	11.826
2.7779	1.3204	11.885
2.7888	1.3249	11.943
2.7997	1.3296	12.001
2.8107	1.3343	12.06
2.8217	1.3391	12.119
2.8328	1.344	12.178
2.8439	1.349	12.237
2.8551	1.3541	12.296
2.8663	1.3593	12.355
2.8775	1.3646	12.415
2.8888	1.37	12.475
2.9001	1.3754	12.534
2.9115	1.381	12.594
2.9229	1.3866	12.655
2.9344	1.3924	12.715
2.9459	1.3982	12.775
2.9575	1.4041	12.836
2.9691	1.4102	12.897
2.9807	1.4163	12.958
2.9924	1.4225	13.019
3.0042	1.4288	13.081
3.016	1.4351	13.142
3.0278	1.4416	13.204
3.0397	1.4482	13.266
3.0516	1.4549	13.328
3.0636	1.4616	13.39
3.0756	1.4685	13.453
3.0877	1.4754	13.515
3.0998	1.4824	13.578
3.1119	1.4896	13.641
3.1241	1.4968	13.704
3.1364	1.5041	13.767
3.1487	1.5115	13.831
3.1611	1.519	13.894
3.1735	1.5266	13.958
3.1859	1.5343	14.022
3.1984	1.542	14.087
3.211	1.5499	14.151
3.2236	1.5579	14.216
3.2362	1.566	14.28
3.2489	1.5741	14.345
3.2617	1.5824	14.411
3.2744	1.5907	14.476
3.2873	1.5992	14.541
3.3002	1.6077	14.607
3.3131	1.6164	14.673
3.3261	1.6251	14.739
3.3392	1.6339	14.806
3.3523	1.6429	14.872
3.3654	1.6519	14.939
3.3787	1.661	15.006
3.3919	1.6703	15.073
3.4052	1.6796	15.14
3.4186	1.689	15.208
3.432	1.6985	15.275
3.4455	1.7082	15.343
3.459	1.7179	15.411
3.4725	1.7277	15.48
3.4862	1.7377	15.548
3.4999	1.7477	15.617
3.5136	1.7578	15.686
3.5274	1.7681	15.755
3.5412	1.7784	15.825
3.5551	1.7888	15.894
3.5691	1.7994	15.964
3.5831	1.81	16.034
3.5971	1.8208	16.104
3.6112	1.8316	16.175
3.6254	1.8426	16.245
3.6396	1.8537	16.316
3.6539	1.8649	16.387
3.6682	1.8761	16.458
3.6826	1.8875	16.53
3.6971	1.899	16.602
3.7116	1.9107	16.674
3.7262	1.9224	16.746
3.7408	1.9342	16.818
3.7554	1.9461	16.891
3.7702	1.9582	16.964
3.785	1.9703	17.037
3.7998	1.9826	17.11
3.8147	1.995	17.184
3.8297	2.0075	17.257
3.8447	2.0201	17.331
3.8598	2.0328	17.405
3.875	2.0457	17.48
3.8902	2.0586	17.555
3.9054	2.0717	17.629
3.9207	2.0849	17.705
3.9361	2.0982	17.78
3.9516	2.1116	17.855
3.9671	2.1252	17.931
3.9826	2.1388	18.007
3.9983	2.1526	18.084
4.014	2.1665	18.16
4.0297	2.1805	18.237
4.0455	2.1947	18.314
4.0614	2.209	18.391
4.0773	2.2233	18.469
4.0933	2.2379	18.546
4.1094	2.2525	18.624
4.1255	2.2673	18.703
4.1417	2.2821	18.781
4.1579	2.2972	18.86
4.1743	2.3123	18.939
4.1906	2.3276	19.018
4.2071	2.343	19.097
4.2236	2.3585	19.177
4.2402	2.3742	19.257
4.2568	2.39	19.337
4.2735	2.4059	19.418
4.2903	2.4219	19.498
4.3071	2.4381	19.579
4.324	2.4544	19.66
4.341	2.4709	19.742
4.358	2.4875	19.823
4.3751	2.5042	19.905
4.3923	2.5211	19.988
4.4095	2.5381	20.07
4.4268	2.5552	20.153
4.4442	2.5725	20.236
4.4616	2.5899	20.319
4.4791	2.6075	20.403
4.4967	2.6252	20.486
4.5143	2.6431	20.57
4.532	2.6611	20.655
4.5498	2.6792	20.739
4.5677	2.6975	20.824
4.5856	2.7159	20.909
4.6036	2.7345	20.995
4.6217	2.7532	21.08
4.6398	2.7721	21.166
4.658	2.7911	21.252
4.6763	2.8103	21.339
4.6946	2.8296	21.425
4.713	2.8491	21.512
4.7315	2.8687	21.6
4.7501	2.8885	21.687
4.7687	2.9085	21.775
4.7874	2.9286	21.863
4.8062	2.9488	21.951
4.8251	2.9692	22.04
4.844	2.9898	22.129
4.863	3.0105	22.218
4.8821	3.0314	22.307
4.9013	3.0525	22.397
4.9205	3.0737	22.487
4.9398	3.0951	22.577
4.9592	3.1167	22.668
4.9786	3.1384	22.759
4.9982	3.1603	22.85
5.0178	3.1823	22.941
5.0375	3.2045	23.033
5.0572	3.2269	23.125
5.0771	3.2495	23.217
5.097	3.2722	23.31
5.117	3.2951	23.403
5.1371	3.3182	23.496
5.1572	3.3415	23.589
5.1775	3.3649	23.683
5.1978	3.3885	23.777
5.2182	3.4123	23.871
5.2386	3.4363	23.966
5.2592	3.4605	24.061
5.2798	3.4848	24.156
5.3005	3.5093	24.251
5.3213	3.534	24.347
5.3422	3.5589	24.443
5.3632	3.584	24.539
5.3842	3.6093	24.636
5.4054	3.6347	24.733
5.4266	3.6603	24.83
5.4479	3.6862	24.928
5.4692	3.7122	25.026
5.4907	3.7384	25.124
5.5122	3.7648	25.222
5.5339	3.7914	25.321
5.5556	3.8183	25.42
5.5774	3.8453	25.519
5.5993	3.8725	25.619
5.6212	3.8999	25.719
5.6433	3.9275	25.819
5.6654	3.9553	25.92
5.6876	3.9833	26.02
5.71	4.0115	26.122
5.7324	4.0399	26.223
5.7549	4.0686	26.325
5.7774	4.0974	26.427
5.8001	4.1265	26.529
5.8229	4.1557	26.632
5.8457	4.1852	26.735
5.8686	4.2149	26.838
5.8917	4.2448	26.942
5.9148	4.2749	27.046
5.938	4.3053	27.15
5.9613	4.3358	27.255
5.9847	4.3666	27.36
6.0082	4.3976	27.465
6.0317	4.4288	27.57
6.0554	4.4603	27.676
6.0792	4.492	27.782
6.103	4.5239	27.889
6.127	4.556	27.995
6.151	4.5884	28.103
6.1751	4.621	28.21
6.1994	4.6538	28.318
6.2237	4.6868	28.426
6.2481	4.7201	28.534
6.2726	4.7537	28.643
6.2972	4.7874	28.752
6.3219	4.8214	28.861
6.3468	4.8557	28.971
6.3717	4.8902	29.081
6.3967	4.9249	29.191
6.4218	4.9599	29.302
6.4469	4.9951	29.412
6.4722	5.0306	29.524
6.4976	5.0663	29.635
6.5231	5.1023	29.747
6.5487	5.1385	29.859
6.5744	5.175	29.972
6.6002	5.2117	30.085
6.6261	5.2487	30.198
6.6521	5.286	30.312
6.6782	5.3235	30.425
6.7044	5.3613	30.54
6.7307	5.3993	30.654
6.7571	5.4376	30.769
6.7836	5.4762	30.884
6.8103	5.515	31.0
6.837	5.5541	31.115
6.8638	5.5934	31.232
6.8907	5.6331	31.348
6.9178	5.673	31.465
6.9449	5.7132	31.582
6.9722	5.7536	31.699
6.9995	5.7944	31.817
7.027	5.8354	31.935
7.0546	5.8767	32.054
7.0822	5.9182	32.173
7.11	5.9601	32.292
7.1379	6.0023	32.411
7.1659	6.0447	32.531
7.194	6.0874	32.651
7.2223	6.1304	32.772
7.2506	6.1737	32.892
7.2791	6.2173	33.014
7.3076	6.2612	33.135
7.3363	6.3054	33.257
7.3651	6.3498	33.379
7.394	6.3946	33.501
7.423	6.4397	33.624
7.4521	6.4851	33.747
7.4813	6.5308	33.871
7.5107	6.5768	33.995
7.5402	6.6231	34.119
7.5698	6.6697	34.243
7.5995	6.7166	34.368
7.6293	6.7638	34.493
7.6592	6.8113	34.619
7.6893	6.8592	34.744
7.7194	6.9074	34.871
7.7497	6.9558	34.997
7.7801	7.0047	35.124
7.8106	7.0538	35.251
7.8413	7.1032	35.379
7.8721	7.153	35.506
7.9029	7.2031	35.634
7.934	7.2535	35.763
7.9651	7.3043	35.892
7.9963	7.3554	36.021
8.0277	7.4068	36.151
8.0592	7.4586	36.28
8.0908	7.5107	36.411
8.1226	7.5631	36.541
8.1544	7.6159	36.672
8.1864	7.669	36.803
8.2186	7.7224	36.935
8.2508	7.7762	37.066
8.2832	7.8304	37.199
8.3157	7.8849	37.331
8.3483	7.9397	37.464
8.3811	7.9949	37.597
8.4139	8.0504	37.731
8.447	8.1063	37.865
8.4801	8.1626	37.999
8.5134	8.2192	38.133
8.5468	8.2762	38.268
8.5803	8.3335	38.404
8.614	8.3912	38.539
8.6478	8.4493	38.675
8.6817	8.5077	38.811
8.7158	8.5665	38.948
8.75	8.6257	39.085
8.7843	8.6852	39.222
8.8188	8.7451	39.359
8.8534	8.8054	39.497
8.8881	8.866	39.635
8.923	8.9271	39.774
8.958	8.9885	39.913
8.9931	9.0503	40.052
9.0284	9.1124	40.192
9.0638	9.175	40.331
9.0994	9.2379	40.472
9.1351	9.3013	40.612
9.171	9.365	40.753
9.2069	9.4291	40.894
9.2431	9.4936	41.036
9.2793	9.5585	41.178
9.3157	9.6238	41.32
9.3523	9.6895	41.462
9.389	9.7556	41.605
9.4258	9.8221	41.748
9.4628	9.889	41.892
9.4999	9.9563	42.035
9.5372	10.024	42.18
9.5746	10.092	42.324
9.6122	10.161	42.469
9.6499	10.23	42.614
9.6878	10.299	42.759
9.7258	10.369	42.905
9.7639	10.439	43.051
9.8023	10.509	43.198
9.8407	10.58	43.344
9.8793	10.652	43.491
9.9181	10.724	43.639
9.957	10.796	43.786
9.9961	10.869	43.934
10.035	10.942	44.083
10.075	11.015	44.231
10.114	11.089	44.38
10.154	11.164	44.529
10.194	11.239	44.679
10.234	11.314	44.829
10.274	11.39	44.979
10.314	11.466	45.13
10.355	11.542	45.28
10.395	11.619	45.431
10.436	11.697	45.583
10.477	11.775	45.735
10.518	11.853	45.887
10.559	11.932	46.039
10.601	12.011	46.192
10.642	12.091	46.345
10.684	12.171	46.498
10.726	12.252	46.652
10.768	12.333	46.805
10.81	12.414	46.96
10.853	12.496	47.114
10.895	12.579	47.269
10.938	12.662	47.424
10.981	12.745	47.579
11.024	12.829	47.735
11.067	12.913	47.891
11.111	12.998	48.047
11.154	13.083	48.204
11.198	13.169	48.361
11.242	13.255	48.518
11.286	13.342	48.675
11.331	13.429	48.833
11.375	13.517	48.991
11.42	13.605	49.15
11.464	13.693	49.308
11.509	13.782	49.467
11.555	13.872	49.626
11.6	13.962	49.786
11.645	14.052	49.946
11.691	14.143	50.106
11.737	14.235	50.266
11.783	14.327	50.426
11.829	14.419	50.587
11.876	14.512	50.749
11.922	14.605	50.91
11.969	14.699	51.072
12.016	14.794	51.234
12.063	14.888	51.396
12.111	14.984	51.558
12.158	15.08	51.721
12.206	15.176	51.884
12.254	15.273	52.048
12.302	15.37	52.211
12.35	15.468	52.375
12.398	15.567	52.539

Optical transmission calculator

Free-standing sample in vacuum, normal incidence

Transmittance T: —
Reflectance R: —

Fresnel reflection calculator

R_p: —
R_s: —
R = (R_p+R_s)/2: —
Phase φ_p: —
Phase φ_s: —
Brewster angle θ_B: —
Critical angle θ_C: —

W (Tungsten): all datasets

Experimental data

Models and simulations

About W (Tungsten)

Tungsten, commonly known by its chemical symbol W (derived from its alternative name, wolfram), is a hard, dense metal with a bright silver-gray luster. Known for its high melting point, which is the highest of all the elements at 3,422°C (6,192°F), tungsten is often used in applications that require materials that can withstand extreme temperatures. Historically, it's been a crucial component in the filaments of incandescent light bulbs. Moreover, tungsten and its alloys are utilized in many high-temperature structural materials, particularly in aerospace and electronic industries due to their remarkable strength at elevated temperatures. Tungsten is also used in the production of wear-resistant electrical contacts and as the primary component in certain types of heavy metal alloys. In the realm of optics and photonics, tungsten is often used as a target for X-ray generation.

More about W (Tungsten) →

Provenance

Version: 1 (snapshot c5c2f18)
Source page: refractiveindex.info
Original file: database/data/main/W/nk/Rakic-LD.yml
ID: ds_1f1c5420bdd0
API: /v1/datasets/ds_1f1c5420bdd0

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